En este artículo se presenta una ontología según la cual el mundo actual no es el único real, pero, al contrario que en la ontología de Lewis, no todos los mundos son reales, porque muchos de ellos siguen siendo mundos meramente posibles. Tras examinar cuidadosamente los pros y contras de los diferentes tipos de actualismo y posibilismo, esta nueva concepción posibilista (el multiposibilismo actual) es elaborada y defendida contra algunas objeciones. El punto de partida es que los mundos posibles sí (...) que incluyen individuos no actuales, y no únicamente estados de cosas no actualizados acerca de individuos actuales. Y el núcleo de la teoría consiste en conceder que muchos mundos son reales por igual, y ontológica y nomológicamente independientes entre sí, pero que la mayoría de ellos genera su propia serie de mundos posibles pero no actualizados inter-relacionados. De esta manera, permanecen intactas nuestras inuiciones metafísicas más profundas (como la identidad transmundana, la contingencia -tanto lógica como metafísica- del mundo actual, o los principios de la lógica clásica), pero existe una respuesta a la pregunta: "¿por qué precisamente el mundo actual es el real?" al negar que solamente él sea real. Al final del artículo se ponen de manifiesto algunas de las ventajas y del potencial ontológico y teológico de esta hipótesis. (shrink)

One of the most intriguing and painful anomalies of the modern world—so diffused that it has almost become a universal culture— is the incredible number of individuals and groups who kill, torture, burn, kidnap, imprison or merely outrage other people with a clear conscience when a political motive may be alleged. Added to them is the much larger number of people and institutions that tolerate, approve, encourage, praise and even bless that type of behavior when it occurs within a political (...) context. Included in this generic political violence is „the kind of behavior that is much more serious and that we may call terrorist, the behavior of those who seek to impose their will through the commission of atrocities that sow a generalized terror or a panic fear, and then to manipulate the reactions these atrocities provoke. Here “private” terrorists, as well as “semi-state” and “state” terrorists commit acts that would not be tolerated in normal, non-political life, and the public that approves this conduct would never accept it if it occurred in everyday life. (shrink)

What does it mean to manage effectively? This paper discusses the historical problem of the criterion, stemming from skeptical thinkers, and applies it in a management environment. The aim is to highlight how awareness of criteria in judging outcomes may yield richer and more nuanced views of effectiveness. The argument begins by exploring the characterization of management actions and discusses how a distinguishing quality of those actions is that they’re oriented towards outcomes. The question is then how to assess outcomes (...) associated with effective management. The problem of the criterion, which identifies the multiple criteria used in judgments, is introduced and discussed in connection with outcomes. A guiding question is, What are the criteria used to assess whether outcomes are associated with effective management? A central point in the discussion is that the assessment of outcomes in effective management is contingent upon the criteria that are applied. These criteria function as part of a contextual and complex network. Thus what are seemingly simple and obvious answers may be seen in a different and more nuanced manner once various criteria are identified. The management vision that emerges is one in which management is more layered than simply ‘achieving results.‘ For although results do matter, the network of criteria used to assess outcomes may present those outcomes in new and different lights. Management is seen as the art of recognizing varied possibilities based on the criteria used to assess outcomes. (shrink)

In this work, a new intelligent control strategy based on neural networks is proposed to cope with some external disturbances that can affect quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles dynamics. Specifically, the variation of the system mass during logistic tasks and the influence of the wind are considered. An adaptive neuromass estimator and an adaptive neural disturbance estimator complement the action of a set of PID controllers, stabilizing the UAV and improving the system performance. The control strategy has been extensively tested with (...) different trajectories: linear, helical, circular, and even a lemniscate one. During the experiments, the mass of the UAV is triplicated and winds of 6 and 9 in Beaufort’s scale are introduced. Simulation results show how the online learning of the estimator increases the robustness of the controller, reducing the effects of the changes in the mass and of the wind on the quadrotor. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the evolution of the notion of completeness in contemporary logic. We discuss the differences between the notions of completeness of a theory, the completeness of a calculus, and the completeness of a logic in the light of Gödel's and Tarski's crucial contributions.We place special emphasis on understanding the differences in how these concepts were used then and now, as well as on the role they play in logic. Nevertheless, we can still observe a certain ambiguity in (...) the use of the close notions of completeness of a calculus and completeness of a logic. We analyze the state of the art under which Gödel's proof of completeness was developed, particularly when dealing with the decision problem for first-order logic. We believe that Gödel had to face the following dilemma: either semantics is decidable, in which case the completeness of the logic is trivial or, completeness is a critical property but in this case it cannot be obtained as a corollary of a previous decidability result. As far as first-order logic is concerned, our thesis is that the contemporary understanding of completeness of a calculus was born as a generalization of the concept of completeness of a theory. The last part of this study is devoted to Henkin's work concerning the generalization of his completeness proof to any logic from his initial work in type theory. (shrink)

Resumen: En este artículo sostengo que los planteamientos de Jakob von Uexküll constituyen un apoyo científico decisivo para las reflexiones metafísicas de Martin Heidegger sobre el mundo, más allá de lo que el mismo Heidegger reconoce explícitamente. En particular, los estudios de Jakob von Uexküll enfatizan, de mejor manera que el mecanicismo y el vitalismo, la relación que existe entre el medio ambiente y el mundo interior del animal, lo que es fundamental para que Heidegger sostenga en su lección de (...) invierno de 1929 y 1930 que la esencia del animal es el "perturbamiento".: In this paper I argue that the scientific approaches of Jakob von Uexküll crucially support Martin Heidegger's metaphysical reflections about the world, beyond what Heidegger himself explicitly recognized. In particular, Jakob von Uexküll's studies emphasized, better than mechanicism and vitalism, the relationship between the environment and the inner world of the animal, which is crucial for Heidegger to claim in his winter 1929-1930 lessons that the essence of the animal is "disturbance". (shrink)

Se establecen las relaciones internas entre tres núcleos fundamentales del pensamiento de Newman: conciencia, fe y desarrollo de la doctrina cristiana; y se muestran, además, como claves interpretativas de su biografía, fundamentalmente hasta su conversión a la Iglesia Católica en 1845. La tesis es que la fe, como contenido de verdad, es la piedra clave que sostiene este edificio de pensamiento y vida. A ella tiende el mandato de la conciencia, el primero de los elementos que sostienen el acto libre (...) de la fe. El desarrollo de la doctrina cristiana establece el vínculo entre la fe revelada y el lugar donde esta fe vive, la Iglesia Católica Romana. (shrink)

Many biblical scholars have underlined the importance of Numbers 13-14, especially because these chapters are a reflection on Israel's greatest sin and rebellion against God in the desert. God's reaction to that sin is clear: of all the men who have put me to the test ten times already and have failed to heed my voice, not one shall see the land which I promised on oath to their fathers. It seems that the verbs 'see' and 'hear', both sentient verbs, (...) are important in both the statement of God and that of the Spies. This article focuses on this particular point and in the conclusions which can be drawn from it. It also considers the frustrating intercession of Moses before God on behalf of his people, on account of the threat to Israel about the promised land. (shrink)

The development in 1996 of a new generation of antiretroviral drugs was a major pharmaceutical advancement in the struggle against the epidemics of HIV and AIDS. However, due to high costs, access to these new drugs was almost impossible for most people living with HIV or AIDS. This situatiowhas been even more dramatic for those living with HIV/AIDS in poorer countries. Many of the organizations that are fighting for the rights of those with HIV have since developed human rights advocacy (...) and legal strategies to try to achieve universal access to treatment. These organizations are also fighting for states’ compliance with human rights obligations under health-related treatises and conventions. This paper draws upon the experience gained in Latin America, focusing on the legal strategies that have been explored in Venezuela and the legal consequences for domestic law. (shrink)

Frente a la imagen de un Vico ajeno a las exigencias del rigor metódico, este trabajo se propone plantear: a) Que la preocupación por el problema del método es una constante en el pesamiento de Vico. b) Que su aportación debe considerarse especialmente relevante en lo que atañe a los actuales empeños rehabilitadores de la racionalidad práctica y, en particular, para las más recientes teorias de la argumentación jurídica. c) Que, no obstante lo anterior, la actitud metódico jurídica de Vico (...) no puede ser calificada de meramente "retórica", más bien, entraña un intento de proyectar principios de justificación racional a los tópicos argumentativos del Derecho; o a propiciar un esfuerzo integrador de los topoi retóricos de las controversias jurídicas con las exigencias justificatorias de la razón práctica. Para explicitar este enfoque se procederá a abordar, por aproximación sucesiva, tres cuestiones: 1ª) Los aspectos básicos del actual debate sobre la racionalidad juridica y la teoría de la argumentación en el Derecho. 2ª) La apelación a Vico como punto de partida del nuevo interés por la revalorización de la tópica jurídica. 3ª) El significado de la argumentación en el "interior" de la reflexión metódica viquiana y en sus proyecciones "externas" al presente. (shrink)

Pedro Miralles Martínez, Cosme Jesús Gómez Carrasco (coords.)La educación histórica ante el reto de las competencias. Métodos, recursos y enfoques de enseñanzaEditorial Octaedro, colección UniversidadBarcelona: 2018ISBN: 978-84-17219-85-7.

The article examines that for Augustine, resurrection means the resurrection of ‘totus homo’, the resurrection of the whole human being, body and soul. It also shows that for Augustine the redemption of ‘totus homo’ must comprise the redemption of the relationships of individual persons with other living beings.

The article examines an 'hermeneutical revival' of Augustine, that is, the philosophical significance of the historical and methodological influence of St. Augustine on Martin Heidegger's Sein und Zeit, and how this is becoming increasingly more evident in the contribution of scholars of phenomenology and patrology to this discussion, especially since 1993.