Results for 'MEMBRANE-TRAFFICKING'

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  1.  11
    The early dorsal signal in vertebrate embryos requires endolysosomal membrane trafficking.Yagmur Azbazdar & Edward M. De Robertis - 2024 - Bioessays 46 (1):2300179.
    Fertilization triggers cytoplasmic movements in the frog egg that lead in mysterious ways to the stabilization of β‐catenin on the dorsal side of the embryo. The novel Huluwa (Hwa) transmembrane protein, identified in China, is translated specifically in the dorsal side, acting as an egg cytoplasmic determinant essential for β‐catenin stabilization. The Wnt signaling pathway requires macropinocytosis and the sequestration inside multivesicular bodies (MVBs, the precursors of endolysosomes) of Axin1 and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK3) that normally destroy β‐catenin. In (...)
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  2.  33
    The Many Roles of Type II Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinases in Membrane Trafficking: New Tricks for Old Dogs.Shane Minogue - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (2):1700145.
    The type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases produce the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and participate in a confusing variety of membrane trafficking and signaling roles. This review argues that both historical and contemporary evidence supports the function of the PI4KIIs in numerous trafficking pathways, and that the key to understanding the enzymatic regulation is through membrane interaction and the intrinsic membrane environment. By summarizing new research and examining the trafficking roles of the PI4KIIs in the context of (...)
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  3.  20
    SNARE interactions in membrane trafficking: A perspective from mammalian central synapses.Ege T. Kavalali - 2002 - Bioessays 24 (10):926-936.
    SNAREs (soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) are a large family of proteins that are present on all organelles involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking and secretion. The interaction of complementary SNAREs found on opposing membranes presents an attractive lock‐and‐key mechanism, which may underlie the specificity of vesicle trafficking. Moreover, formation of the tight complex between a vesicle membrane SNARE and corresponding target membrane SNAREs could drive membrane fusion. In synapses, this tight complex, also referred to (...)
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  4.  12
    Coronin proteins as multifunctional regulators of the cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking.Vasily Rybakin & Christoph S. Clemen - 2005 - Bioessays 27 (6):625-632.
    Coronins constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of WD‐repeat actin‐binding proteins, which can be clearly classified into two distinct groups based on their structural features. All coronins possess a conserved basic N‐terminal motif and three to ten WD repeats clustered in one or two core domains. Dictyostelium and mammalian coronins are important regulators of the actin cytoskeleton, while the fly Dpod1 and the yeast coronin proteins crosslink both actin and microtubules. Apart from that, several coronins have been shown to be involved (...)
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  5.  24
    Intracellular trafficking of lysosomal membrane proteins.Walter Hunziker & Hans J. Geuze - 1996 - Bioessays 18 (5):379-389.
    Lysosomes are the site of degradation of obsolete intracellular material during autophagy and of extracellular macromolecules following endocytosis and phagocytosis. The membrane of lysosomes and late endosomes is enriched in highly glycosylated transmembrane proteins of largely unknown function. Significant progress has been made in recent years towards elucidating the pathways by which these lysosomal membrane proteins are delivered to late endosomes and lysosomes. While some lysosomal membrane proteins follow the constitutive secretory pathway and reach lysosomes indirectly via (...)
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  6.  32
    Membrane Transport at an Organelle Interface in the Early Secretory Pathway: Take Your Coat Off and Stay a While.Michael G. Hanna, Jennifer L. Peotter, E. B. Frankel & Anjon Audhya - 2018 - Bioessays 40 (7):1800004.
    Most metazoan organisms have evolved a mildly acidified and calcium diminished sorting hub in the early secretory pathway commonly referred to as the Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). These membranous vesicular‐tubular clusters are found tightly juxtaposed to ER subdomains that are competent for the production of COPII‐coated transport carriers. In contrast to many unicellular systems, metazoan COPII carriers largely transit just a few hundred nanometers to the ERGIC, prior to COPI‐dependent transport on to the cis‐Golgi. The mechanisms underlying formation and (...)
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  7.  21
    Changing phosphoinositides “on the fly”: how trafficking vesicles avoid an identity crisis.Roberto J. Botelho - 2009 - Bioessays 31 (10):1127-1136.
    Joining an antagonistic phosphoinositide (PtdInsP) kinase and phosphatase into a single protein complex may regulate rapid and local PtdInsP changes. This may be important for processes such as membrane fission that require a specific PtdInsP and that are innately local and rapid. Such a complex could couple vesicle formation, with erasing of the identity of the donor organelle from the vesicle prior to its fusion with target organelles, thus preventing organelle identity intermixing. Coordinating signals are postulated to switch the (...)
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  8.  15
    Proteolytic processing of the p75 neurotrophin receptor: A prerequisite for signalling?: Neuronal life, growth and death signalling are crucially regulated by intra-membrane proteolysis and trafficking of p75(NTR). [REVIEW]Sune Skeldal, Dusan Matusica, Anders Nykjaer & Elizabeth J. Coulson - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (8):614-625.
    The common neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) regulates various functions in the developing and adult nervous system. Cell survival, cell death, axonal and growth cone retraction, and regulation of the cell cycle can be regulated by p75NTR‐mediated signals following activation by either mature or pro‐neurotrophins and in combination with various co‐receptors, including Trk receptors and sortilin. Here, we review the known functions of p75NTR by cell type, receptor‐ligand combination, and whether regulated intra‐membrane proteolysis of p75NTR is required for signalling. We highlight (...)
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  9.  14
    Phosphatidylinositol 5‐phosphate: A nuclear stress lipid and a tuner of membranes and cytoskeleton dynamics.Julien Viaud, Frédéric Boal, Hélène Tronchère, Frédérique Gaits-Iacovoni & Bernard Payrastre - 2014 - Bioessays 36 (3):260-272.
    Phosphatidylinositol 5‐phosphate (PtdIns5P), the least characterized among the three phosphatidylinositol monophosphates, is emerging as a bioactive lipid involved in the control of several cellular functions. Similar to PtdIns3P, it is present in low amounts in mammalian cells, and can be detected at the plasma membrane and endomembranes as well as in the nucleus. Changes in PtdIns5P levels are observed in mammalian cells following specific stimuli or stresses, and in human diseases. Recently, the contribution of several enzymes such as PIKfyve, (...)
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  10.  24
    cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A and the dynamics of epithelial cell surface domains: Moving membranes to keep in shape.Kacper A. Wojtal, Dick Hoekstra & Sven C. D. van IJzendoorn - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (2):146-155.
    Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) are evolutionary conserved molecules with a well‐established position in the complex network of signal transduction pathways. cAMP/PKA‐mediated signaling pathways are implicated in many biological processes that cooperate in organ development including the motility, survival, proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. Cell surface polarity, here defined as the anisotropic organisation of cellular membranes, is a critical parameter for most of these processes. Changes in the activity of cAMP/PKA elicit a variety of (...)
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  11.  16
    Late endosomal and lysosomal trafficking during integrin‐mediated cell migration and invasion.Elena Rainero & Jim C. Norman - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (6):523-532.
    Recently it has become clear that trafficking of integrins to late endosomes is key to the regulation of integrin expression and function during cell migration. Here we discuss the molecular machinery that dictates whether integrins are sorted to recycling endosomes or are targeted to late endosomes and lysosomes. Integrins and other receptors that are sorted to late endosomes are not necessarily degraded and, under certain circumstances, can be spared destruction and returned to the cell surface to drive cell migration (...)
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  12.  14
    Protein trafficking along the exocytotic pathway.Wanjin Hong & Bor Luen Tang - 1993 - Bioessays 15 (4):231-238.
    Proteins of the exocytotic (secretory) pathway are initially targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then translocated across and/or inserted into the membrane of the ER. During their anterograde transport with the bulk of the membrane flow along the exocytotic pathway, some proteins are selectively retained in various intracellular compartments, while others are sorted to different branches of the pathway. The signals or structural motifs that are involved in these selective targeting processes are being revealed and investigations into (...)
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  13.  32
    Trafficking and signaling pathways of nuclear localizing protein ligands and their receptors.Howard M. Johnson, Prem S. Subramaniam, Sjur Olsnes & David A. Jans - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (9):993-1004.
    Interaction of ligands such as epidermal growth factor and interferon‐γ with the extracellular domains of their plasma membrane receptors results in internalization followed by translocation into the nucleus of the ligand and/or receptor. There has been reluctance, however, to ascribe signaling importance to this, the focus instead being on second messenger pathways, including mobilization of kinases and inducible transcription factors (TFs). The latter, however, fails to explain the fact that so many ligands stimulate the same second messenger cascades/TFs, and (...)
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  14.  17
    Subcellular localization and trafficking of the GLUT4 glucose transporter isoform in insulin‐responsive cells.Geoffrey D. Holman & Samuel W. Cushman - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (10):753-759.
    The rate‐limiting step in the uptake and metabolism of Dglucose by insulin target cells is thought to be glucose transport mediated by glucose transporters (primarily the GLUT4 isoform) localized to the plasma membrane. However, subcellular fractionation, photolabelling and immunocytochemical studies have shown that the pool of GLUT4 present in the plasma membrane is only one of many subcellular pools of this protein. GLUT4 has been found in occluded vesicles at the plasma membrane, clathrin‐coated pits and vesicles, early (...)
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  15.  42
    Phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate: The Golgi and beyond.Maria A. De Matteis, Cathal Wilson & Giovanni D'Angelo - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (7):612-622.
    Initially identified as a key phosphoinositide that controls membrane trafficking at the Golgi complex, phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate (PI4P) has emerged as a key molecule in the regulation of a diverse array of cellular functions. In this review we will discuss selected examples of the findings that in the last few years have significantly increased our awareness of the regulation and roles of PI4P in the Golgi complex and beyond. We will also highlight the role of PI4P in infection and cancer. (...)
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  16.  17
    Pairing phosphoinositides with calcium ions in endolysosomal dynamics.Dongbiao Shen, Xiang Wang & Haoxing Xu - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (6):448-457.
    The direction and specificity of endolysosomal membrane trafficking is tightly regulated by various cytosolic and membrane‐bound factors, including soluble NSF attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), Rab GTPases, and phosphoinositides. Another trafficking regulatory factor is juxta‐organellar Ca2+, which is hypothesized to be released from the lumen of endolysosomes and to be present at higher concentrations near fusion/fission sites. The recent identification and characterization of several Ca2+ channel proteins from endolysosomal membranes has provided a unique opportunity to examine the (...)
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  17.  15
    Phosphoinositide Diversity, Distribution, and Effector Function: Stepping Out of the Box.Christopher H. Choy, Bong-Kwan Han & Roberto J. Botelho - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (12):1700121.
    Phosphoinositides modulate a plethora of functions including signal transduction and membrane trafficking. PtdInsPs are thought to consist of seven interconvertible species that localize to a specific organelle, to which they recruit a set of cognate effector proteins. Here, in reviewing the literature, we argue that this model needs revision. First, PtdInsPs can carry a variety of acyl chains, greatly boosting their molecular diversity. Second, PtdInsPs are more promiscuous in their localization than is usually acknowledged. Third, PtdInsP interconversion is (...)
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  18.  12
    The lipid raft hypothesis revisited – New insights on raft composition and function from super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy.Dylan M. Owen, Astrid Magenau, David Williamson & Katharina Gaus - 2012 - Bioessays 34 (9):739-747.
    Recently developed super‐resolution microscopy techniques are changing our understanding of lipid rafts and membrane organisation in general. The lipid raft hypothesis postulates that cholesterol can drive the formation of ordered domains within the plasma membrane of cells, which may serve as platforms for cell signalling and membrane trafficking. There is now a wealth of evidence for these domains. However, their study has hitherto been hampered by the resolution limit of optical microscopy, making the definition of their (...)
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  19.  30
    Profilin, a multi‐modal regulator of neuronal plasticity.Andreas Birbach - 2008 - Bioessays 30 (10):994-1002.
    Thirty years after its initial characterization and more than 1000 publications listed in PubMed describing its properties, the small (ca15 kDa) protein profilin continues to surprise us with new, recently discovered functions. Originally described as an actin‐binding protein, profilin has now been shown to interact with more than a dozen proteins in mammalian cells. Some of the more recently described and intriguing interactions are within neurons involving a neuronal profilin family member. Profilin is now regarded as a regulator of various (...)
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  20.  18
    A unifying new model of cytokinesis for the dividing plant and animal cells.Pankaj Dhonukshe, Jozef Šamaj, František Balušak & Jiri Friml - 2007 - Bioessays 29 (4):371-381.
    Cytolkinesis ensures proper partitioning of the nucleocytoplasmic contents into two daughter cells. It has generally been thought that cytokinesis is accomplished differently in animals and plants because of the differences in the preparatory phases, into the centrosomal or acentrosomal nature of the process, the presence or absence of rigid cell walls, and on the basis of 'outside-in' or 'inside-out' mechanism. However, this long-standing paradigm needs further reevaluation based on new findings. Recent advances reveal that plant cells, similarly to animal cells, (...)
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  21.  13
    MAMs are attractive targets for bacterial repurposing of the host cell.Pedro Escoll, Monica Rolando & Carmen Buchrieser - 2017 - Bioessays 39 (2):1600171.
    Pathogenic bacteria frequently target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria in order to exploit host functions. ER‐mitochondria inter‐organelle communication is topologically sub‐compartmentalized at mitochondria‐associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs are specific membranous microdomains with unique regulatory functions such as lipid synthesis and trafficking, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial morphology, inflammasome activation, autophagosome formation, and apoptosis. These important cellular processes are all modulated by pathogens to subvert host functions and promote infection, thus it is tempting to assume that pathogenic bacteria target MAMs to (...)
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  22.  28
    Golgi defects enhance APP amyloidogenic processing in Alzheimer's disease.Gunjan Joshi & Yanzhuang Wang - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (3):240-247.
    Increased amyloid beta (Aβ) production by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β‐ and γ‐secretases contributes to the etiological basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This process requires APP and the secretases to be in the same subcellular compartments, such as the endosomes. Since all membrane organelles in the endomembrane system are kinetically and functionally linked, any defects in the trafficking and sorting machinery would be expected to change the functional properties of the whole system. (...)
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  23.  25
    Lipids under stress – a lipidomic approach for the study of mood disorders.André Miguel Miranda & Tiago Gil Oliveira - 2015 - Bioessays 37 (11):1226-1235.
    The emerging field of lipidomics has identified lipids as key players in disease physiology. Their physicochemical diversity allows precise control of cell structure and signaling events through modulation of membrane properties and trafficking of proteins. As such, lipids are important regulators of brain function and have been implicated in neurodegenerative and mood disorders. Importantly, environmental chronic stress has been associated with anxiety and depression and its exposure in rodents has been extensively used as a model to study these (...)
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  24.  28
    How does SHIP1/2 balance PtdIns(3,4)P2 and does it signal independently of its phosphatase activity?Jingwei Xie, Christophe Erneux & Isabelle Pirson - 2013 - Bioessays 35 (8):733-743.
    The number of cellular events identified as being directly or indirectly modulated by phosphoinositides dramatically increased in the recent years. Part of the complexity results from the fact that the seven phosphoinositides play second messenger functions in many different areas of growth factors and insulin signaling, cytoskeletal organization, membrane dynamics, trafficking, or nuclear signaling. PtdIns(3,4)P2 is commonly reported as a product of the SH2 domain‐containing inositol 5‐phosphatases 1/2 (SHIP1 and SHIP2) that dephosphorylate PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the 5‐position. Here we (...)
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  25.  10
    It Takes Two to Tango: Activation of Protein Kinase D by Dimerization.Ronja Reinhardt, Linda Truebestein, Heiko A. Schmidt & Thomas A. Leonard - 2020 - Bioessays 42 (4):1900222.
    The recent discovery and structure determination of a novel ubiquitin‐like dimerization domain in protein kinase D (PKD) has significant implications for its activation. PKD is a serine/threonine kinase activated by the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG). It is an essential and highly conserved protein that is implicated in plasma membrane directed trafficking processes from the trans‐Golgi network. However, many open questions surround its mechanism of activation, its localization, and its role in the biogenesis of cargo transport carriers. In (...)
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  26.  24
    Constitutive cycling: A general mechanism to regulate cell surface proteins.Stephen J. Royle & Ruth D. Murrell-Lagnado - 2003 - Bioessays 25 (1):39-46.
    Cells can change their function by rapidly modulating the levels of certain proteins at the plasma membrane. This rapid modulation is achieved by using a specialised trafficking process called constitutive cycling. The constitutive cycling of a variety of transmembrane proteins such as receptors, channels and transporters has recently been directly demonstrated in a wide range of cell types. This regulation is thought to underlie important biological phenomena such as learning and memory, gastric acid secretion and water and blood (...)
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  27.  13
    The Drosophila fusome, organelle biogenesis and germ cell differentiation: If you build it….Dennis McKearin - 1997 - Bioessays 19 (2):147-152.
    From stem cells to oocyte, Drosophila germ cells undergo a short, defined lineage. Molecular genetic analyses of a collection of female sterile mutations have indicated that a germ cell‐specific organelle called the fusome has a central role at several steps in this lineage. The fusome grows from a prominent spherical organelle to an elongated and branched structure that connects all mitotic sisters in a germ cell syncytium. The organelle is assembled from proteins normally found in the membrane skeleton and, (...)
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  28.  22
    Ups and downs of tissue and planar polarity in plants.Markus Grebe - 2004 - Bioessays 26 (7):719-729.
    The polar orientation of cells within a tissue is an intensively studied research area in animal cells. The term planar polarity refers to the common polar arrangement of cells within the plane of an epithelium. In plants, the subcellular analysis of tissue polarity has been limited by the lack of appropriate markers. Recently, research on plant tissue polarity has come of age. Advances are based on studies of Arabidopsis patterning, cell polarity and auxin transport mutants employing the coordinated, polar localization (...)
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  29.  16
    Molecular machinery required for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the golgi complex.Linda Hicke & Randy Schekman - 1990 - Bioessays 12 (6):253-258.
    The cellular machinery responsible for conveying proteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi is being investigated using genetics and biochemistry. A role for vesicles in mediating protein traffic between the ER and the Golgi has been established by characterizing yeast mutants defective in this process, and by using recently developed cell‐free assays that measure ER to Golgi transport. These tools have also allowed the identification of several proteins crucial to intracellular protein trafficking. The characterization and possible functions of (...)
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  30.  12
    Regulation of functional diversity within the Nedd4 family by accessory and adaptor proteins.Linda Shearwin-Whyatt, Hazel E. Dalton, Natalie Foot & Sharad Kumar - 2006 - Bioessays 28 (6):617-628.
    Ubiquitination is essential in mediating diverse cellular functions including protein degradation and trafficking. Ubiquitin‐protein (E3) ligases determine the substrate specificity of the ubiquitination process. The Nedd4 family of E3 ligases is an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins required for the ubiquitination of a large number of cellular targets. As a result, this family regulates a wide variety of cellular processes including transcription, stability and trafficking of plasma membrane proteins, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. The modular architecture (...)
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  31.  7
    Phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase.Rosana Kapeller & Lewis C. Cantley - 1994 - Bioessays 16 (8):565-576.
    Currently, a central question in biology is how signals from the cell surface modulate intracellular processes. In recent years phosphoinositides have been shown to play a key role in signal transduction. Two phosphoinositide pathways have been characterized, to date. In the canonical phosphoinositide turnover pathway, activation of phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C results in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphospate and the generation of two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. The 3‐phosphoinositide pathway involves protein‐tyrosine kinase‐mediated recruitment and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase, resulting (...)
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  32.  20
    The secreted kinase ROP18 defends Toxoplasma's border.Sarah J. Fentress & L. David Sibley - 2011 - Bioessays 33 (9):693-700.
    Toxoplasma gondii is a highly successful parasite capable of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals by actively invading nucleated host cells and forming a modified compartment where it replicates within the cytosol. The parasite-containing vacuole provides a safe haven, even in professional phagocytes such as macrophages, which normally destroy foreign microbes. In an effort to eliminate the parasite, the host up-regulates a family of immunity-related p47 GTPases (IRGs), which are recruited to the parasite-containing vacuole, resulting in membrane rupture and digestion (...)
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  33. Section A. membranes.Protein Synthesis as A. Membrane-Oriented & Richard W. Hendler - 1968 - In Peter Koestenbaum (ed.), Proceedings. [San Jose? Calif.,: [San Jose? Calif.. pp. 37.
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  34.  7
    Trafficking on Trial: The Judge, the Pimp and the Victim.Mathilde Darley - 2024 - Studies in Social Justice 18 (2):225-242.
    Based on an ethnography of French trials for trafficking in human beings and aggravated procuring, this article seeks to contribute to the analysis of the reframing, in penal terms, of the struggles engaged in the name of social justice and women’s rights, of which anti-trafficking policies are particularly emblematic. Studying the judging practices and logics at stake during trials reveals how fantasized representations of the pimp and the victim take on substance. In particular, I argue that judges invoke (...)
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  35.  50
    Organ trafficking: why do healthcare professionals engage in it?Trevor Stammers - 2022 - Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 31 (3):368-378.
    Organ trafficking in all its various forms is an international crime which could be entirely eliminated if healthcare professionals refused to participate in or be complicit with it. Types of organ trafficking are defined and principal international declarations and resolutions concerning it are discussed. The evidence for the involvement of healthcare professionals is illustrated with examples from South Africa and China. The ways in which healthcare professionals directly or indirectly perpetuate illegal organ transplantation are then considered, including lack (...)
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  36.  20
    Drug-Trafficking in Colombia: The New Civil War Against Democracy and Peacebuilding.Maria Paula Espejo - 2021 - Co-herencia 18 (34):157-192.
    Drug-trafficking in Colombia has been a widely researched phenomenon, especially now, as the country undergoes a transition process with its older guerrilla. Now more than ever it is fundamental to examine how drug-trafficking organizations violent activities affect the consolidation of peace. This article considers different approaches to study violence derived from drug-trafficking, in order to advance towards the objectives of transitional justice. For that matter, this work is based on the idea that drug-trafficking directly generates and (...)
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  37.  9
    Membrane shaping proteins, lipids, and cytoskeleton: Recipe for nascent lipid droplet formation.Manasi S. Apte & Amit S. Joshi - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (9):2200038.
    Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous, neutral lipid storage organelles that act as hubs of metabolic processes. LDs are structurally unique with a hydrophobic core that mainly consists of neutral lipids, sterol esters, and triglycerides, enclosed within a phospholipid monolayer. Nascent LD formation begins with the accumulation of neutral lipids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) bilayer. The ER membrane proteins such as seipin, LDAF1, FIT, and MCTPs are reported to play an important role in the formation of nascent LDs. As (...)
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  38.  64
    Human Trafficking in Russia and Other Post-Soviet States.Yuliya V. Tverdova - 2011 - Human Rights Review 12 (3):329-344.
    Since the collapse of the Soviet regime, post-communist states have rapidly learned the modern face of slavery. Slavic women have been trafficked to the sex markets of Western Europe, Asia, and North America. The surge in human trafficking is the result of numerous factors, including the dramatic fall of the economic system and complete deterioration of the social safety net. This paper explores the causes and conditions of the growth of the trade in persons in the region, the profile (...)
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  39.  6
    Sex Trafficking, Reproductive Rights, and Sovereign Borders: A Transnational Struggle over Women’s Bodies.Diana Tietjens Meyers - 2018 - In Clara Fischer & Luna Dolezal (eds.), New Feminist Perspectives on Embodiment. London, New York: Palgrave MacMillan. pp. 167-182.
    The aim of this chapter is to draw attention to an overlooked dimension of sex trafficking—namely, its abuse of women’s reproductive rights; to diagnose a tension between international anti-trafficking and refugee law and US anti-trafficking and immigration law; and to show that US anti-trafficking and immigration law is enforcing a misguided conception of victims that denies recognition to agentic victims of human rights abuse. Although women who have been trafficked into sex work should be prime candidates (...)
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  40.  18
    Sex Trafficking and the State: Applying Domestic Abuse Interventions to Serve Victims of Sex Trafficking.Shannon Drysdale Walsh - 2016 - Human Rights Review 17 (2):221-245.
    Advocacy and scholarship addressing sex trafficking as a human rights issue has become a transnational effort, but there has been less attention to sub-national efficacy. Through analyzing progressive justice system responses to domestic violence in Duluth, Minnesota that have been adopted worldwide, this paper demonstrates how to effectively apply these local advances in order to address sex trafficking on a global scale. This paper makes a theoretical contribution to understanding the intersections between domestic abuse and sex trafficking. (...)
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  41.  14
    Trafficking, Migration, and the Law: Protecting Innocents, Punishing Immigrants.Wendy Chapkis - 2003 - Gender and Society 17 (6):923-937.
    The Trafficking Victims’ Protection Act of 2000 has been presented as an important tool in combatingthe exploitation and abuse of undocumented workers, especially those forced into prostitution. Through a close reading of the legislation and the debates surrounding its passage, this article argues that the law makes strategic use of anxieties over sexuality, gender, and immigration to further curtail migration. The law does so through the use of misleading statistics creating a moral panic around “sexual slavery,” through the creation (...)
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  42.  87
    Cross-Border Trafficking in Nepal and India—Violating Women’s Rights.Tameshnie Deane - 2010 - Human Rights Review 11 (4):491-513.
    Human trafficking is both a human rights violation and the fastest growing criminal industry in the world. This article examines cross-border trafficking of girls and women in Nepal to India. It gives a brief explanation of what is meant by trafficking and then looks at the reasons behind trafficking. In Nepal, women and children are trafficked internally and to India and the Middle East for commercial sexual exploitation or forced marriage, as well as to India and (...)
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  43.  21
    Human Trafficking in Conflict Zones: The Role of Peacekeepers in the Formation of Networks.Charles Anthony Smith & Brandon Miller-de la Cuesta - 2011 - Human Rights Review 12 (3):287-299.
    While the effect of humanitarian intervention on the recurrence and intensity of armed conflict in a crisis zone has received significant scholarly attention, there has been comparatively less work on the negative externalities of introducing peacekeeping forces into conflict regions. This article demonstrates that large foreign forces create one such externality, namely a previously non-existent demand for human trafficking. Using Kosovo, Haiti, and Sierra Leone as case studies, we suggest that the injection of comparatively wealthy soldiers incentivizes the creation (...)
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  44.  7
    The asymmetric plasma membrane—A composite material combining different functionalities?Gerhard J. Schütz & Georg Pabst - 2023 - Bioessays 45 (12):2300116.
    One persistent puzzle in the life sciences is the asymmetric lipid composition of the cellular plasma membrane: while the exoplasmic leaflet is enriched in lipids carrying predominantly saturated fatty acids, the cytoplasmic leaflet hosts preferentially lipids with (poly‐)unsaturated fatty acids. Given the high energy requirements necessary for cells to maintain this asymmetry, the question naturally arises regarding its inherent benefits. In this paper, we propose asymmetry to represent a potential solution for harmonizing two conflicting requirements for the plasma (...): first, the need to build a barrier for the uncontrolled influx or efflux of substances; and second, the need to form a fluid and dynamic two‐dimensional substrate for signaling processes. We hence view here the plasma membrane as a composite material, where the exoplasmic leaflet is mainly responsible for the functional integrity of the barrier and the cytoplasmic leaflet for fluidity. We reinforce the validity of the proposed mechanism by presenting quantitative data from the literature, along with multiple examples that bolster our model. (shrink)
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  45. Victims of Trafficking, Reproductive Rights, and Asylum.Diana Tietjens Meyers - 2016 - Oxford Handbook of Reproductive Ethics.
    My aim is to extend and complement the arguments that others have already made for the claim that women who are citizens of economically disadvantaged states and who have been trafficked into sex work in economically advantaged states should be considered candidates for asylum. Familiar arguments cite the sexual violence and forced labor that trafficked women are subjected to along with their well-founded fear of persecution if they’re repatriated. What hasn’t been considered is that reproductive rights are also at stake. (...)
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  46.  13
    Organ Trafficking in Africa: Pragmatist Ethical Reconsiderations.Belayneh Taye, Abayneh Atnafu, Yihenew Wubu Endalew & Sisay Demissew Beyene - 2023 - Contemporary Pragmatism 20 (3):169-195.
    This article focuses on examining the situation of organ trafficking in Africa from the aspect of pragmatist ethics. In the mainstream thought, the broader ethical dilemma of organ trafficking is viewed within the moral contestation of altruism as a rule for organ procurement and the resulting worldwide organ shortage. The incapability of altruistic transplant orthodoxy to serve as an applicable foundation for a public policy is considered as a reason for organ trafficking. In fact, to battle organ (...)
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  47.  10
    The Membrane Potential Has a Primary Key Equation.Titus Mulembo, Bernard Delalande, Ren Sugimori, Toi Nakahata & Hirohisa Tamagawa - 2023 - Acta Biotheoretica 71 (3).
    It is common to say that the origin of the membrane potential is attributed to transmembrane ion transport, but it is theoretically possible to explain its generation by the mechanism of ion adsorption. It has been previously suggested that the ion adsorption mechanism even leads to potential formulae identical to the famous Nernst equation or the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation. Our further analysis, presented in this paper, indicates that the potential formula based on the ion adsorption mechanism leads to an equation (...)
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  48.  10
    Membrane extraction by calmodulin underpins the disparate signalling of RalA and RalB.Samuel G. Chamberlain, Darerca Owen & Helen R. Mott - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (6):2200011.
    Both RalA and RalB interact with the ubiquitous calcium sensor, calmodulin (CaM). New structural and biophysical characterisation of these interactions strongly suggests that, in the native membrane‐associated state, only RalA can be extracted from the membrane by CaM and this non‐canonical interaction could underpin the divergent signalling roles of these closely related GTPases. The isoform specificity for RalA exhibited by CaM is hypothesised to contribute to the disparate signalling roles of RalA and RalB in mitochondrial dynamics. This would (...)
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  49.  47
    Business and Human Trafficking: A Social Connection and Political Responsibility Model.Michelle Westermann-Behaylo, Judith Schrempf-Stirling & Harry J. Van Buren - 2021 - Business and Society 60 (2):341-375.
    Human trafficking is one of the most lucrative international criminal activities and is widespread across a variety of industries. The response to human trafficking in corporate supply chains has been dominated by analyses of due diligence obligations. Existing scholarship, however, has cast doubt on the effectiveness of corporate due diligence in addressing human trafficking, because human trafficking is the outcome of macro-level social structures that are created by and consist of multiple actors, including business. The outsourcing (...)
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  50. Sex Trafficking: Trends, Challenges, and the Limitations of International Law. [REVIEW]Heather M. Smith - 2011 - Human Rights Review 12 (3):271-286.
    The passage of the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children in 2000 marked the first global effort to address human trafficking in 50 years. Since the passage of the UN Protocol international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and individual states have devoted significant resources to eliminating human trafficking. This article critically examines the impact of these efforts with reference to the trends, political, and empirical challenges in data collection and the limitations (...)
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