Dieser Beitrag behandelt das analytische und hermeneutische Problem, das der europäische Wissenschaftsbegriff, seine Freilegung in der Antike und seine Geschichte in Mittelalter und Neuzeit, für das gegenwärtige Konzept der "wissenschaftlichen Revolution" des 17. Jahrhunderts darstellt. Es wird zu zeigen versucht, daß sie im Kern eine Begriffsrevolution impliziert. Der Beitrag untersucht die für den Aufbau der Wissenschaft konstitutive Funktion der Begriffe "Theorie", "Lehre" und "System", denen ein je verschiedener Typus von Wissenschaftseinheiten entspricht, der geschichtlich dem klassisch-griechischen , christlich-mittelalterlichen und neuzeitlichem (...) Wissenschaftsbegriff zugeordnet wird. Die Topik dieser Begriffe und ihre Verschiebungen in der Neuzeit sind der Schlüssel zu einem neuen Verständnis der Wissenschaftsgeschichte, das über die Grenzen bisheriger, an den Naturwissenschaften orientierter, Konzeptualisierungen hinausweist. (shrink)

We investigated the properties of the sustained attention to response task . In the SART, participants respond to frequent neutral signals and are required to withhold response to rare critical signals. We examined whether SART performance shows characteristics of speed–accuracy tradeoffs and in addition, we examined whether SART performance is influenced by prior exposure to emotional picture stimuli. Thirty-six participants in this study performed SARTs after being exposed to neutral and negative picture stimuli. Performance in the SART changed rapidly over (...) time and there was a high correlation between participants errors of commission rate and their reaction time to the neutral targets . Regardless of exposure self-reported thoughts significantly correlated with both errors of commission and reaction times. Overall, the results support the view that the SART is a better measure of impulsive responding than sustained attention. (shrink)

This paper deals with what has been called "ars inveniendi" (’art of finding‘) in antiquity, medieval and early modern times. A survey of different techniques of finding tenable and relevant arguments is presented (among them, the Topical tradition, Status theory, Debate theory, Encyclopedic systems, Creativity techniques). Their advantages and disadvantages are critically compared. It is suggested that a mixture of strategies of finding arguments should be used. Finally, a few remarks showing the relationship beween the strategies of finding arguments and (...) creativity in general are given. (shrink)

Thangtong Gyalpo is a historical figure reaching in the supernatural who impresses us with his versatility to liberate sentient beings. His teachings and writings are translated only partly. The far bigger part of his work is passed down traditionally. To a large extent, it is directly visible, learnable and conceivable in reality in the form of monasteries, bridges, plays and songs. In Tibet, Bhutan and the world of the Mahayana Buddhism in the Himalayas, Thangtong Gyalpo is known and revered by (...) all people. If one questions this, his oeuvre, his whole work and actions will be known far less. This is one reason for the results shown in the present work, which is the result of about 30 years of research projects in Tibet and Bhutan and in particular, fieldwork that was taken up in July 1974 in Bhutan and in April 1981 in Tibet. (shrink)

In this article, I attempt to restore the philosophical significance of that nonformalizable, noniterable, “singular’ element of natural language that I call “style.” I begin by critically addressing the exclusion of such instances of natural language by both semantics‐oriented logical analysis and a restricted variation of structuralist linguistics. Despite the obvious advantages – with regard to style – of ”pragmatic“approaches to language, such pragmatism merely returns to rule‐determination in the guise of “normativity.” Although style by definition resists any kind of (...) rule‐determination – whether posed in terms of semantics or intersubjective regulations of speech‐acts – there can be no consideration of language that ignores the persistence of style in natural language. In terms of cognition, any discursive agent understands more than allowed by either semantics or speech‐act theory. I ascribe this element of excessive signification to the role of style. My principal thesis is twofold: (1) a hermeneutic approach (exemplified by Schleiermacher) to literature should reveal the heuristically decisive role played by style in philosophy; and, more radically still, (2) style, in fact, may be crucially determinative of philosophical discourse in general. I suggest that a closer scrutiny of the lesser‐known works of Ludwig Wittgenstein, conventionally regarded as having dreamt of a “philosophy without style,” may consolidate the restoration of style's philosophical import. (shrink)

The essential task of the philosophy of style is to uncover the irreducibility of the singular to any kind of universal, static structure or metalinguistic code. Style is not only a surplus element that exceeds propositional meaning, but also a clue of the ineradicable contingency of “intersubjective”‐communicational relationships. The receiver must respect the unique individuality of the sender's style as what demonstrates the cognitive inexhaustibility of the world. Consequently, philosophy can no longer regard literature as foreign and incorrigible by asserting (...) a radical difference of genre and thereby reserving truth exclusively for itself. Rather, I go on to argue, the difference is merely one of quantity. The picture of the world drawn by literature is simply fuller and richer than any comparatively monochromatic system of philosophical propositions. However, within the history of philosophy, there have been instances when the philosophical import of literature has been accorded its due. One example is the dialogical approach of early German Romanticism. The other example is a writer most frequently considered the purest thinker of philosophical sense and meaning – namely, Ludwig Wittgenstein. I conclude by reading Wittgenstein as a philosopher concerned, above all, with the ineffable that style reveals. (shrink)

Der vorliegende dritte Band der Briefedition dokumentiert den Briefwechsel der Jahre 1734 und 1735. Mit seiner Ernennung zum Professor für Logik und Metaphysik und seiner Heirat mit Luise Adelgunde Victorie Kulmus ist Gottsched Mitte der 1730er Jahre in Leipzig fest etabliert. Die Briefe bieten wichtige Einblicke in die Entwicklung der von ihm geleiteten Deutschen Gesellschaft (vor allem zu dem von ihr herausgegebenen ersten Periodikum zur Literaturwissenschaft), in die Aufnahme und Wirkung seiner Werke, u.a. der Theaterstücke, und in seine Übersetzertätigkeit. Sie (...) sind daneben eine hervorragende Quelle für Studienbetrieb und Studentenleben des 18. Jahrhunderts. (shrink)

(2012). Reasoning without believing: on the mechanisation of presuppositions and partiality. Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 295-317. doi: 10.1080/11663081.2012.705962.

Over de filosofie van Nietzsche in het kader van drie decennia Nietzsche studies in Puerto Rico.

Verzameling filosofische verhandelingen over tijd onder de titel Kairos = de juiste tijd of het juiste moment in het Grieks.

Gadamer, en Verdad y Método, alude a una llamada "nueva lógica", a propósito del concepto de la ocasionalidad de la obra de arte, desde el punto de vista hermenéutico. El autor se aprovecha de dicho concepto para rastrear en la obra de Lipps el pensamiento de la ocasionalidad y la lógica hermenéutica que le hace justicia, logrando con ello la rehabilitación de un filósofo de interés para el pensamiento kairológico que actualmente representa el autor.

El tema del artículo es la teoría de la tarea del crítico, según un ensayo de W. Benjamin, titulado Dos poemas de Holderlin (1915). Los temas centrales son una fundamentación metafísica de la producción poética y su reproducción crítica. Esta segunda tarea siempre será para el lector crítico un experimento. El autor reconstruye la compleja teoría del cálculo poetológico de W. Benjamin, y pone como ejemplo de la tarea crítica dos versiones de un poema de Hölderlin sobre el tema "la (...) muerte del poeta". (shrink)