La doctrine philosophique préparée par la révolution copernicienne ne semble pas faire sa part au politique. En effet, le système de la philosophie se divise en liberté et nature, le politique ne pouvant être réduit ni à l'autre. Cependant, on peut dégager l'originalité du politique chez Kant précisément à partir de cette difficulté d'accommodation. On verra alors s'esquisser un rapprochement stylistique entre Kant et l'idéalisme allemand: dans les deux cas, l'intelligibilité du présent est rapportée à la médiation entre normativité et (...) expérience. It seems that there is no place to politics in the philosophical doctrine orchestrated by the Copernican revolution. Indeed, none of the two parts of the philosophical system — nature and freedom — can alone give a satisfactory account of politics. However, it is arguable that by reflecting on this topical difficulty one could detect the originality of Kant's approach to the political. By proceeding in this way one is also able to recognize a stylistic nearness between Kant and the philosophers of German Idealism: in both cases, the intelligibility of the present is related to the mediation between normativity and experience. (shrink)

Este artículo nos adentra en el estudio de la figura de san Martín de Tours, el apóstol de la Galia, cuya influencia se deja sentir en toda Europa, especialmente en España. Se trata del primer santo no mártir después de la paz de Constantino. Resultó ser soldado por fuerza, obispo por obligación, monje por gusto. Representa un nuevo modelo de santidad. De eremita evoluciona a la vida cenobítica, como padre de monjes; y como obispo es el defensor civitatis además del (...) gran evangelizador del mundo rural de la Galia. A su alrededor se generan otros santos. Por otra parte, Tours es la ciudad en que comienza la via turonensis del célebre Camino de Santiago. El Apóstol Santiago y Martín de Tours comparten culto y compiten en santidad como grandes taumaturgos. (shrink)

Este artículo nos adentra en el estudio del problema del “jansenismo español” durante el siglo de Ilustración. En la primera parte se presenta el origen del jansenismo teológico, moral y disciplinar. Se indican sus representantes y sus obras. Más tarde se convierte en jansenismo político, también llamado jansenismo histórico. La influencia del pensamiento de los jansenistas franceses, holandeses e italianos sobre los jansenistas españoles es evidente y fehaciente. La historiografía sobre el particular es abundante. Se presentan las características más importantes (...) del jansenismo español, en relación con el despotismo ilustrado, el regalismo y el reformismo, además de un gran interés por la Biblia, el Derecho y la Historia. (shrink)

BackgroundOrgan transplantation represents the most effective and acceptable therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, its frequent practice often leads to a shortage of organs worldwide. To solve this dilemma, some countries, such as Portugal, have switched from an opt-in to an opt-out system, which has raised concerns about respect for individual autonomy. We aimed to evaluate whether young university students are aware of this opt-out system so that they can make informed, autonomous and conscious decisions, as well as to identify (...) the factors that determine a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation.MethodsAn observational, cross-sectional study was developed and a questionnaire was administered to first-year students from six faculties of the University of Porto.ResultsOf the 841 participants, 60% were unaware that Portugal had adopted an opt-out system. Among the informed individuals, their main sources of information included social media, internet, and family. Furthermore, only 48% of all participants agreed with the current opt-out system. Female sex (p = 0.049; OR 1.393), knowledge of the law (p < 0.001; OR 4.749) and family being the primary source of information (p < 0.001; OR 2.855) were independent factors associated with a positive attitude toward post-mortem organ donation law.ConclusionsThere is a significant lack of knowledge among young university students regarding the presumed post-mortem organ donation law and how it works. Female sex, having family as a primary source of information and being aware of the presumed post-mortem organ donation law are the strongest independent factors that determine a positive attitude toward the opt-out system. (shrink)

In this introduction we present Patrick Duffley's book Linguistic Meaning meets Linguistic Form, as well as the contributions that each scholar has brought into the debate on linguistic meaning and form. They deal with semantic and foundational issues regarding a sign-based approach to meaning.

In this paper we suggest that Duffley’s sign-based semantics rests on two main claims: a methodological one and an ontological one. The methodological one is the analysis of corpora and the ontological one is the postulate of mental content. By adopting a linguistic enactivist perspective with a Wittgensteinian twist, we endorse Duffley’s methodological claim and suggest that a sign-based semantics doesn’t have to rely on mental content if it takes into account the conception of meaningful material engagement in cognitive archeology (...) and its development into sign-using as an enactive capacity. (shrink)

Logical Holism and Wittgenstein’s ‘Practical Turn’. – Logical holism is the idea that each elementary proposition belongs to a system and is logically connected to other propositions of that system. In this paper I explore this idea and draw its connections to the nature of negative propositions and the ‘problem of recognition’ on the basis of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. In the first section I argue that in January 1930 the idea leads Wittgenstein to a better understanding of how the negative feature (...) is expressed in propositions, thereby raising the problem of recognition to which he is not yet able to find a proper solution. In the second section I explore how the problem still persists during Wittgenstein’s ‘practical turn’. What he now calls the ‘problem of representation’ forces him to change again his conception of propositions. In the final section I argue that this change is mainly due to the modification of his conception of hypotheses which urges a solution to the problem of representation, though the problem remains unsolved in January 1930. (shrink)

In this paper, I explore Wittgenstein’s conception of a hypothesis as articulated in Chapters XII and XXII of ‘Philosophical Remarks’. First, I argue that in Chapter XII, Wittgenstein draws on his account of infinity to begin to challenge the view that all hypotheses can be proven by empirical evidence. I then argue that in Chapter XXII that Wittgenstein sharpens this conception of hypotheses claiming that no hypotheses can be verified. Finally, I suggest that Wittgenstein’s conception of a hypothesis relates to (...) his practical view of how language functions. (shrink)

Phronesis is essential for good decision‐making and actions. This literature review shows how phronesis has been discussed and related to elements of the field of administration and organizations. A search in the database systems Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scielo, based on eligibility criteria, resulted in 43 theoretical and 14 empirical works. The analysis of these studies showed the most significant empirical contributions, the most cited authors, methods, journals, and central themes addressed in studies on phronesis to understand ethics (...) in business. From a virtue ethics perspective, we discuss the major theoretical and empirical contributions, as well as the implications of a restricted understanding of phronesis when it is treated apart from other elements of the virtue ethics framework. We present a synthesis of the concepts of phronesis, based on dimensions of magnitude and amplitude of the conceptions, ranging from formal to substantive phronesis, and covering individual, organizational, or societal levels of analysis. We argue that a substantive conception of phronesis within virtue ethics may improve our understanding of ethics because it assumes the interdependence of phronesis and moral virtues, integral anthropology, and the common good. We present a future research agenda, considering the study's limitations and findings. (shrink)

In this paper, I discuss whether the view that understanding is the ability to relate the use of an expression to a certain purpose leads to a theory of meaning as use. In particular, I investigate the view that a theory of meaning relies on the assumption that use is related to immanent purposes of language. I inquire whether it is possible to identify those purposes that seem essential for the use of language. Interpreting Wittgenstein, I argue that this idea (...) relies on a misunderstanding between purposes and effects. Single purposes are not to be conceived of as essential for the use of language. However, if we want to speak of an essential purpose of language, I argue, this purpose is to be conceived of as an end in itself. I draw the conclusion that the use of language is an end in itself rather than a means that fulfils essential purposes. (shrink)

The Transamazon (Br-230) Highway in the state of Pará has had its image frozen for decades: themuddy road, the cars stopped or tractors tearing down a forest, empty of people, opening the amazonianspace to a project of an authoritarian modernization. Reproduced by and reproductive of the teachingsof geography – including for children and teenagers who live on the edge of the road, in settlements andcommunities on the sideroads (vicinais) – in textbooks and discourses that frame regional scale (astotalizing and explanatory) (...) instead of scales emplaced in situ. The result of such dinamics is not restricted to a gap between what one experiences as a phenomenon and what one learns as a concept,it goes towards the reproducibility of an “unexistance of the creative potential” of the people living onthe sideroads, places of the construction of a geography, as well as mapping, that, from there, push usto rethink the unwavering foundations of such frosen images , of the generalistic maps and theirstandardizing projections, scales and simbology. To do so, we have, along with students and teachersof 2 schools on the sideroads of the municipality of Pacajá (PA), in the period of the beggining of 2016to 2019, done several geocartographic exercises: mind maps developped with students about the past,present and the future of the vicinal (sideroad). That is, an attempt to provoque the body into the mapand the map into the body in a context of a limit situation of existance, given the precarious schoolconditions as well as the diferent challenges lived by students and teachers. Such corporal engagementas an attempt to think the sideroads as a location in construction and, from there, a situated opening tothe world, is what gives meaning to geocartography. It is possible to conclude that: a) facing thesedimentary representations paralysing and overview of the Transamazon in the state of Pará , thephenomenological exercise of reactivation of geocartogrphying provoques the emergence of asubjective significance that does not separate the emotional and symbolic perspectives on creatingmaps; b) the corporal engagement and the situated perspective of students and teachers, not only hasthe value of a totalyzing exemple, but that of an opening to what is new as they bring up a simbologythat reveals the need to build a dialogical bridge between what is lived on the sideroads and the worldthat classifies it as “unexisting”. (shrink)

In this chapter I discuss Roger Trigg’s contribution to this volume on Wittgenstein, concepts, and human nature. Trigg shares many of the basic assumptions that form the methodological framework of cognitive science of religion (CSR) arguing that Wittgenstein’s later work shares common ground with presumptions, commitments, and accounts in cultural studies that are usually rejected by proponents of CSR. In particular, he challenges Wittgenstein’s notion of truth, that he sees under the threat of radical relativism. Against his view I argue (...) that Wittgenstein’s later philosophy never comes at the cost of losing the notion of objective truth. It rather demands a change in the conceptual framework that underlies the use of this notion of truth. In the first section I argue for the claim in terms of Wittgenstein’s development. In the second section I explore the social nature of meaning in the Later Wittgenstein, arguing, in the third section, that it does not commit us to radical relativism. Finally, I draw some conclusions from my argument for the studies of CSR. (shrink)

O feminismo interseccional tem sido apontado como uma importante teoria na compreensão de como as opressões de gênero, classe e raça dentre outras, se relacionam entre si e interferem na vida de cada mulher, que acaba assim por experimentar a opressão de gênero a partir de um ponto de vista único. Além disso, a atuação de coletivos feministas tem sido fundamental na vida de mulheres, como espaços de empoderamento e de luta em prol de uma sociedade menos opressiva. Assim, apresentamos (...) nesse trabalho o processo de adoção do feminismo interseccional como ferramenta teórico-metodológica por um coletivo feminista da Bahia, Brasil. Para tanto, realizamos um relato das atividades desenvolvidas pelo grupo entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. Foi possível identificar o forte vínculo afetivo estabelecido entre as companheiras e como o discurso interseccional tem sido importante nesse processo e nas ações do Coletivo como um todo. Constatou-se, assim, que a utilização deste referencial pode ser poderosa no sentido de contribuir para diálogos mais inclusivos e assim mais transformadores. Corroborando, ainda, com a ideia da extrema relevância da articulação entre o feminismo acadêmico e a ação política, além de destacar os desafios da consolidação de coletivos que nascem no âmbito acadêmico. (shrink)

A investigação transcendental pressupõe um exercício de abstração, que na Crítica da Razão Pura se aplica ao conhecimento da experiência. Sua bipartição em dois modos-de-representação, contudo, levanta duas dificuldades à teoria da objetividade kantiana: como conciliar os, elementos separados pela análise e como assegurar a legitimidade da abstração sobre o conhecimento empírico.

Embodied approaches to human cognition emphasize the role of the body in processes of linguistic comprehension and production. Several empirical studies have presented support to these approaches. The recent linguistic enactivist approach to cognition stands out for suggesting that we have to deepen our concept of the body. In this context, we present: 1) neurological and psychological evidence supporting the claim that concepts are embodied; 2) two theoretical approaches to embodied cognition in the cognitive sciences: the grounded cognition approach, and (...) one approach based on dynamic systems theory – our focus is on how these theories consider the conceptual system; and 3) the enactivist linguistic approach to cognition. Then, based on introductory clarifications on these three theories, we suggest that the empirical evidence supports only a shallow perspective of the role of the body in cognition, by the linguistic enactivist standards, and we emphasize the importance of understanding the empirical reach of linguistic enactivism. Keywords: Language. Body. Cognition. Enactivism. Conceptual system. (shrink)

Este artigo aborda a mudança de paradigma para a noção de trabalho na sociedade impactada pela transformação digital. Reformulando o conceito de trabalho como transformação conservadora de energia, de acordo com a primeira lei da termodinâmica, para o entendimento do trabalho como redução da entropia, conforme a segunda lei, é possível compatibilizá-lo com os conceitos de informação e de comunicação. O artigo sugere que esta reformulação já estava implícita na teoria marxista e a diferencia do modelo ricardiano clássico. A transformação (...) digital é pensada como corte epistemológico no modo de produção, que traz consequências para o sistema funcional da economia. Neste, o modo dominante da economia capitalista (o capitalismo de plataforma) é confrontado com modos alternativos como o da Economia Solidária. O artigo examina se a transformação digital traz vantagens comparativas para a Economia Solidária e conclui positivamente neste sentido. (shrink)

The book explores the impact of manuscript remarks during the year 1929 on the development of Wittgenstein’s thought. Although its intention is to put the focus specifically on the manuscripts, the book is not purely exegetical. The contributors generate important new insights for understanding Wittgenstein’s philosophy and his place in the history of analytic philosophy. -/- Wittgenstein’s writings from the years 1929-1930 are valuable, not simply because they marked Wittgenstein’s return to academic philosophy after a seven-year absence, but because these (...) works indicate several changes in his philosophical thinking. The chapters in this volume clarify the significance of Wittgenstein’s return to philosophy in 1929. In Part 1, the contributors address different issues in the philosophy of mathematics, e.g. Wittgenstein's understanding of certain aspects of intuitionism and his commitment to verificationism, as well as his idea of "a new system". Part 2 examines Wittgenstein's philosophical development and his understanding of philosophical method. Here the contributors examine particular problems Wittgenstein dealt with in 1929, e.g. the colour-exclusion problem, and the use of thought experiments as well as his relationship to Frank Ramsey and philosophical pragmatism. Part 3 features essays on phenomenological language. These chapters address the role of spatial analogies and the structure of visual space. Finally, Part 4 includes one chapter on Wittgenstein’s few manuscript remarks about ethics and religion and relates it to his Lecture on Ethics. -/- Wittgenstein’s Philosophy in 1929 will be of great interest to scholars and advanced students working on Wittgenstein and the history of analytic philosophy. (shrink)

The book explores the impact of manuscript remarks during the year 1929 on the development of Wittgenstein's thought. Although its intention is to put the focus specifically on the manuscripts, the book is not purely exegetical. The contributors generate important new insights for understanding Wittgenstein's philosophy and his place in the history of analytic philosophy. Wittgenstein's writings from the years 1929-1930 are valuable, not simply because they marked Wittgenstein's return to academic philosophy after a seven-year absence, but because these works (...) indicate several changes in his philosophical thinking. The chapters in this volume clarify the significance of Wittgenstein's return to philosophy in 1929. In Part 1, the contributors address different issues in the philosophy of mathematics, e.g. Wittgenstein's understanding of certain aspects of intuitionism and his commitment to verificationism, as well as his idea of "a new system". Part 2 examines Wittgenstein's philosophical development and his understanding of philosophical method. Here the contributors examine particular problems Wittgenstein dealt with in 1929, e.g. the colour-exclusion problem, and the use of thought experiments as well as his relationship to Frank Ramsey and philosophical pragmatism. Part 3 features essays on phenomenological language. These chapters address the role of spatial analogies and the structure of visual space. Finally, Part 4 includes one chapter on Wittgenstein's few manuscript remarks about ethics and religion and relates it to his Lecture on Ethics. Wittgenstein's Philosophy in 1929 will be of great interest to scholars and advanced students working on Wittgenstein and the history of analytic philosophy. (shrink)

This paper offers an interpretation of Wittgenstein's remarks that discusses the meaning of being in practical agreement with a rule, arguing that Brandom misconstrues the idea undergirding Wittgenstein's remarks in terms of the relation between the pragmatic and normative aspects of language. First, I discuss Brandom's idea of normative pragmatism and Wittgenstein's remarks on rule-following in the Philosophical Investigations. I argue that Brandom enforces the picture of implicit rules as a salient solution for the problem of infinite regress regarding explicit (...) rules. Second, I compare both views and show that although Brandom takes his solution for a Wittgensteinian answer to the regress problem it is very likely that Wittgenstein's understanding of rule-following rather suggests a different view. Moreover, I explain why Brandom thinks that he cannot accept this view and why he offers an interpretation-based account instead which he thinks is underlying the agreement between rule and practice. Third, I criticize Brandom's account from a Wittgensteinian point of view arguing that what is underlying the agreement are so-called 'bedrock-practices' rather than mutual interpretations. (shrink)

Praktische Gründe dienen uns Menschen dazu, unser Handeln verständlich zu machen. Philosophen sind fasziniert vom Wesen praktischer Gründe. Auf was für einen Gegenstand beziehen wir uns, wenn wir unser Handeln erklären? Sind praktische Gründe als psychologische Zustände der handelnden Person aufzufassen, etwa als deren Wünsche oder Überzeugungen? Oder sind sie identisch mit den sich in der Welt befindenden Tatsachen, also unabhängig vom Geist der Akteure? Verursachen Gründe unser Handeln? Diese und andere Fragen sind aktueller Gegenstand einer vielschichtigen Diskussion in der (...) analytisch geprägten Handlungstheorie. Dieses Buch bietet eine einschneidende Veränderung in der Sicht auf diese Fragen an. Überlegungen Wittgensteins folgend, werden praktische Gründe nicht als ontologischer Gegenstand, sondern als sprachliche Instrumente aufgefasst, die mit Funktionen und Zwecken verbunden sind. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, einen frischen Blick auf die normativen Bedingungen des Gebrauchs von Gründen, ihre Rolle in praktischen Überlegungsprozessen und ihre Bedeutung für die Motivation und Moral menschlichen Handelns in einer gemeinsam geteilten Praxis zu gewinnen. (shrink)

Developmental psychologists have argued for the view that understanding one’s own intentions and the intentions of others consists in the performance of a psychological mechanism and moreover that the ability to understand intentions depends on the ontogenetic development of this mechanism. In this paper, I refer to Michael Tomasello as the most notable proponent of this view and present arguments against it. I argue that understanding intentions results from social agreement in practice rather than from psychological processes transpiring in the (...) minds of intentional agents. In my defence, I will appeal to the later Wittgenstein, who expounds the view I proffer here. First, I shall expose the key differences in each of their views, particularly in terms of how the ability to understand intentions is related to language acquisition. In the second section, I employ an argument from Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations to reject the claim that children in their first year of life develop an understanding of intentions ontogenetically. Finally, in the third section I argue that the understanding of an intention requires the ability to form an intention autonomously. In the process of forming an intention, the child creates its own understanding, namely one that is socially accepted if it is in agreement with established usage, customs, and institutions as part of everyday practice. On the basis of this view, I suggest that understanding intentions depends on the agreement of behaviour in certain practical contexts rather than as the accordance of mental states with a psychological mechanism. (shrink)

O questionamento da validade do princípio sistemático do kantismo trouxe inicialmente consigo tentativas de aperfeiçoá-lo e, em seguida, a suspeita de que a revolução filosófica trazida pela Crítica sela um compromisso arbitrário com os dogmas da moral e da religião, reforçada pelo fato de serem eles reabilitados na filosofia prática a despeito da interdição do dogmatismo. Ao revés dessas interpretações e a partir da retomada do "2 Préfácio" da Crítica da razão pura, argumenta-se aqui que, em Kant, moralidade e sistema (...) andam juntos. (shrink)

O presente artigo apresenta a noção de história de vida e como essa pode influenciar a prática docente na formação do professor de teatro. Nesse texto o autor recorreu ao seu percurso biográfico para compreender os caminhos trilhados para, na condição de formador de outros professores de teatro, compreender como vem construído sua prática pedagógica. Metodologicamente buscou rastros de três encontros biográficos que permitiram experiências formadoras colocando o autor em tempos e lugares de aprendizagem, consolidando um processo formativo a partir (...) da própria prática. Desse modo, reconhece a necessidade de investir em processos que deem voz à história de vida do professor em formação, para que além de reconhecer-se como produtor de história possa trazer suas experiências anteriores à graduação para seu campo de formação. Conclui-se compreendendo que ao coordenar projetos de extensão e de ensino possibilitou-o uma renovação do seu olhar para a escola de educação básica, possibilitando ao pesquisador/formador manter seu processo de formação continuada, encontrando os dilemas da docência na escola pública. (shrink)

É comum resumir a experiência moral kantiana à adesão do agente à lei que sua própria razão lhe impõe. O valor incondicional da autonomia aparece, desse modo, como elemento suficiente para uma doutrina normativa do agir, mesmo sob o risco de tornar o agente que segue a razão alguém alheio à experiência em que se inscreve efetivamente. Contra essa leitura, procura-se mostrar aqui que, para Kant, (i) a determinação da vontade pela razão traz consigo uma reflexão sobre as condições de (...) efetivação da moralidade, assegurando o sentido da perfórmance moral, e que (ii) tal reflexão possui um significado genuinamente especulativo. (shrink)

O Rio de Janeiro colonial e escravista é um contraste à ideia de cidade maravilhosa. Apesar do esforço atual de inserir o quesito “maravilha” na região portuária, foi por ela que milhares de africanos destinados a escravização chegaram. O texto reflete sobre o Cais do Valongo e o cemitério dos pretos novos, tratando-os como locais de memória do tráfico e dos descendentes de africanos escravizados. Os diferentes usos públicos e políticos feitos desses locais também serão tratados uma vez que tem (...) recebido diferentes atenções por parte das esferas pública e privada, e também internacional, como a UNESCO. A área teve sua memória constantemente trabalhada desde o Império tendo na República dois momentos: Pereira Passos e a grande remodelação da cidade no início do século XX e recentemente diante das obras de revitalização do Porto. Palavras-chaves: Valongo, africanos, memória. (shrink)

Este artigo trata das mudanças ocorridas no universo religioso católico da Diocese de Nova Iguaçu, localizada na Baixada Fluminense, região metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, conhecida pela situação de pobreza e pela violência, em especial por ação de grupos de extermínio. O evento que serve de base para investigamos tais mudanças ficou sendo denominado de Chacina da Baixada, que deixou 29 pessoas mortas e uma ferida no bairro da Posse em Nova Iguaçu. A diocese prontamente se mostrou solidária (...) com as famílias das vítimas, cobrando desde o primeiro momento providências das autoridades locais. Entretanto, as visões sobre o envolvimento eclesial se dividem conforme a proximidade dos agentes religiosos, em especial os leigos, da área física dos assassinatos. Assim, os que residem e trabalham pastoralmente mais próximo à localidade apresentam reticências, silêncios e receios não apresentados por leigos entrevistados de outras localidades. Percebemos que, embora haja consenso quanto à necessidade de mobilização da Diocese quanto ao caso, as percepções são abaladas pelo medo que constantemente rege as experiências cotidianas dos moradores daquela região. (shrink)

Este artigo discute como os clipes Mandume, Boa Esperança e Eminência Parda do rapper de Emicida, realizam um retorno à ferida colonial e apontam opacidades históricas, opressões e exclusões daí derivadas, como forma de conduzir a uma releitura afetiva e resistente do/no tempo e instigar ações estéticas de re-existência. Para isso, realizamos uma análise audioverbovisual dos clipes procurando observar a construção desse discurso a partir de três categorias analíticas: retorno memorialístico, corporalidade desumanizada e vida livre da violência e da morte.

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Esta experiência interdisciplinar buscou como desafio discutir entre adolescentes de uma escola pública do Município de Vila Velha/ES o conceito de patrimônio cultural e, a partir desse conceito, reconhecer os bens materiais e imateriais formadores do patrimônio daquele município. O trabalho de campo resultou na criação estética coletiva de uma leitura do Convento da Penha, que foi retratado pela técnica de mosaico em papel. A obra encontra-se em exposição permanente no hall da escola (...) denominada Unidade Municipal de Ensino Fundamental” Profa. Nair Dias Barbosa”, situada em Vila Velha – ES. Palavras chave: Convento da Penha. Lugares de memória. Identidade Cultural. (shrink)

Dissertação de Mestrado. VALE, Rose Silvania Figueiredo do. A ideia de Deus em Kant: da ilusão da razão pura ao postulado de agente moral. 2012. 132 folhas. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte. Palavras-chave : Ideias transcendentais. Ilusão. Razão. Moral. Deus. Homem. Key works : Transcendental ideas, Illusion, Reason, Moral, God, Man.

O objetivo deste ensaio é passar em revista a crítica que vem sendo elaborada por Lazzarato à concepção “positiva” de poder de Foucault, cuja síntese está no conceito de biopolítica. Isto, tomando como marco balizador o modelo neoliberal de governamentalidade, caro a ambos os autores. O pensamento de Lazzarato acolhe apenas parcialmente a noção foucaultiana – segundo ele demasiadamente ampla e pouco atenta às factualidades históricas (atinentes à financeirização, às relações coloniais centro-periferia, às “guerras totais”, às crises e revoluções ininterruptas) (...) - de “arte liberal de governar”. As ideias de “ação sobre a ação” - de um “governo sobre os comportamentos” cujas técnicas consistiriam em incluir, incitar e produzir - seriam úteis à compreensão apenas de uma das duas faces da governamentalidade neoliberal. Ocultando a outra - a da máquina de guerra que estaria constantemente explorando (pelo trabalho), ocultando e matando - o conceito foucaultiano de biopolítica teria prestado uma espécie de desserviço ao que o Lazzarato chama de teorias críticas contemporâneas: teria induzido estas a um diagnóstico inverossímil e estéril sobre o funcionamento do poder nas sociedades ocidentais liberais e neoliberais contemporâneas. Pois tal conceito teria abdicado categorias imprescindíveis como classes sociais, fascismo, guerra, revolução, financeirização e capital. (shrink)

In this paper I will examine what Blaise Pascal means by “infinite distance”, both in his works on projective geometry and in the apologetics of the Pensées’s. I suggest that there is a difference of meaning in these two uses of “infinite distance”, and that the Pensées’s use of it also bears relations to the mathematical concept of heterogeneity. I also consider the relation between the finite and the infinite and the acceptance of paradoxical relations by Pascal.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (SQT) en una muestra de maestros portugueses. La muestra estuvo formada por 211 maestros de distintos colegios portugueses, 150 (71,10%) mujeres y 61 (28,90%) hombres. Para evaluar el SQT se utilizó el "C..

Philosophy for Children has long been considered as crucial for children’s ethical and moral education and a decisive contribution for education for the democratic life. The book gathers contributions from experts in the field who reflect on fundamental issues on how childhood and ethics are interrelated within the P4C movement. The main interest of this volume is to offer an understanding of how different philosophical conceptions of childhood can be coordinated with different ethical and meta-ethical philosophical considerations in P4C addressing (...) topics such as P4C and relativism, P4C and Virtue ethics, ethics and emotions in P4C, philosophical commitments and P4C application, and Socratic practice within a pragmatist framework. A thought-provoking collection about how assumptions of particular philosophical conceptions of childhood modify moral and ethical education and a testimony of the undeniable contribution of P4C for moral education and reconceptualization of childhood. (shrink)

Este artigo traça um paralelo entre os eventos da Odisseia e a exploração dos jogos de azar. Para tanto, utilizando-se livremente de várias abordagens filosóficas, é defendido que o ser humano é naturalmente um jogador, com uma liberdade que é restrita a partir do surgimento do Estado. Este, tendo seus desdobramentos representados por Calipso, Cila e Caríbdis, terá que harmonizar essa natureza com seu poder soberano, regulamentando a exploração dos jogos de azar.