José Ortega y Gasset publicó en 1939, en la colección Austral, este ensayo filosófico que obtuvo una gran repercusión internacional en su día y sigue siendo en la actualidad una de las obras clave del pensamiento orteguiano. Esta edición conmemora los setenta años transcurridos desde entonces y ofrece la única edición autorizada y revisada personalmente por el autor.

The general fact of the impossibility of a bivalent, truth-functional semantics for the propositional structures determined by quantum mechanics should be more subtly demarcated according to whether the structures are taken to be orthomodular latticesP L or partial-Boolean algebrasP A; according to whether the semantic mappings are required to be truth-functional or truth-functional ; and according to whether two-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP structures or three-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP structures are being considered. If the quantumP structures are taken to be orthomodular (...) latticesP L, then bivalent mappings which preserve the operations and relations of aP L must be truth-functional . Then as suggested by von Neumann and Jauch-Piron and as proven in this paper, the mere presence of incompatible elements in aP L is sufficient to rule out any semantical or hidden-variable proposal which imposes this strong condition, for anytwo-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP L structure. Thus from the orthomodular lattice perspective, the peculiarly non-classical feature of quantum mechanics and the peculiarly non-Boolean feature of the quantum propositional structures is the existence of incompatible magnitudes and propositions. However, the weaker truth-functionality condition can instead be imposed upon the semantic or hidden-variable mappings on theP L structures, although such mappings ignore the lattice meets and joins of incompatibles and preserve only the partial-Boolean algebra structural features of theP L structures. Or alternatively, the quantum propositional structures can be taken to be partial-Boolean algebrasP A, where bivalent mappings which preserve the operations and relations of aP A need only be truth-functional (c). In either case, the Gleason, Kochen-Specker proofs show that any semantical or hidden variable proposal which imposes this truth-functionality (c) condition is impossible for anythree-or-higher dimensional Hilbert spaceP A orP L structures. But such semantical or hidden-variable proposals are possible for any two dimensional Hilbert spaceP A orP L structures, in spite of the presence of incompatibles in these structures, in spite of the fact that Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle applies to the incompatible elements in these structures, and in spite of the fact that these structures are non-Boolean in the Piron sense. (shrink)

In the midst of the global financial crisis and in the ‘anti-race era’, Europe has witnessed a revival of deeply racialized discourses targeting the Roma, leading to new discriminatory practices and legitimating existing ones in many social domains. While westward Roma immigration has spurred these discourses, it has also favored the emergence of invisible grassroots reactions against them that need to be further analyzed. Drawing on interviews with migrant Romani women, this article aims to shed light on these unknown processes, (...) as experienced by women in Romani women-based solidarity networks. Data show that these networks help the women to access basic social facilities, while also challenging the abovementioned racialized discourses. (shrink)

The final portion of the thesis surveys proposals for the introduction of hidden variables into quantum mechanics, proofs of the impossibility of such hidden-variable proposals, and criticisms of these impossibility proofs. And arguments in favour of the partial-Boolean algebra, rather than the orthomodular lattice, formalization of the quantum propositional structures are reviewed. ;As for , each quantum state-induced expectation-function on a P truth-functionally assigns 1 and 0 values to the elements in a ultrafilter and dual ultraideal of P, where in (...) general the union of an ultrafilter and its dual ultraideal is smaller than the entire structure. Thus it is argued that each expectation-function is the quantum analog of a classical semantic mapping, even though the domain where each expectation-function is bivalent and truth-functional is usually a non-Boolean substructure of P. ;In classical propositional logic, propositions form a Boolean algebra, and each semantic mapping assigns the value 1 to the members of a certain subset of the algebra, namely, an ultrafilter, and assigns 0 to the members of the dual ultraideal, where the union of these two subsets is the entire algebra. The propositional structures of classical mechanics are likewise Boolean algebras, so one can straightforwardly provide a classical semantics, which also satisfies . However, quantum propositional structures are non-Boolean, so it is an open question whether a semantics satisfying , and can be provided. ;Von Neumann first proposed that the algebraic structures of the subspaces of Hilbert space be regarded as the propositional structures P of quantum mechanics. These structures have been formalized in two ways: as orthomodular lattices which have the binary operations "and", "or", defined among all elements, compatible and incompatible ; and as partial-Boolean algebras which have the binary operations defined among only compatible elements. In the thesis, two basic senses in which these structures are non-Boolean are discriminated. And two notions of truth-functionality are distinguished: truth-functionality ,) applicable to the Plattices; and truth-functionality ) applicable to both the Plattices and partial-Boolean algebras. Then it is shown how the lattice definitions of "and", "or", among incompatibles rule out a bivalent, truth-functional ,) semantics for any PQM lattice containing incompatible elements. In contrast, the Gleason and Kochen-Specker proofs of the impossibility of hidden-variables for quantum mechanics show the impossibility of a bivalent, truth-functional ) semantics for three-or-higher dimensional Hilbert space PQM structures; and the presence of incompatible elements is necessary but is not sufficient to rule out such a semantics. ;The thesis investigates the possibility of a classical semantics for quantum propositional structures. A classical semantics is defined as a set of mappings each of which is bivalent, i.e., the value 1 or 0 is assigned to each proposition, and truth-functional, i.e., the logical operations are preserved. In addition, this set must be "full", i.e., any pair of distinct propositions is assigned different values by some mapping in the set. When the propositions make assertions about the properties of classical or of quantum systems, the mappings should also be "state-induced", i.e., values assigned by the semantics should accord with values assigned by classical or by quantum mechanics. (shrink)

Est e trabaj o pretend e mostra r l a actualida d y necesida d d e l a crític a feminist a a u n derecho qu e h a inco r porad o y a política s antidiscriminatorias . Aunqu e desd e e l feminism o s e h a yan denunciand o repetidament e dete r minada s dinámica s jurídica s perjudiciale s par a la s mujeres , est e a r tícul o trat (...) a d e ilustra r mediant e resolucione s judiciale s actuales , qu e l a m a y o r pa r t e d e la s funcione s d e u n análisi s feminist a de l derech o n o s e ha n agotad o tod a vía . Las sentencia s analizada s muestra n cóm o e l derech o pena l y l a aplicació n qu e d e ést e hacen lo s tribunale s sigu e siend o masculina , cóm o e n la s decisione s sobr e l a atribució n d e la custodi a d e lo s hijo s comune s e n caso s d e separació n y d iv orci o continúa n jugand o un pape l centra l cie r to s estereotipo s femenino s y cóm o e n l a aplicació n d e lo s delito s contra l a libe r ta d s e xua l sigu e dándos e poc o crédit o a l a palabr a d e la s mujere s víctimas. (shrink)

La presente investigacion sobre el pensamiento de X. Zubiri (1898-1983) se enmarca dentro de una cuestion que hunde sus raices en los origenes mismos de la teologia: su relacion con la filosofia. La propuesta de Zubiri al respecto apunta a una consideracion unitaria de teologia y filosofia en lo que el denomina cuestion teologal. La prupuesta de lo que son teo-logal y la teo-logia en cuanto logos desde los presupuestos y el entramado de la filosofia de la inteligencia zubiriana es (...) la aportacion concreta de esta disertacion donde se pone de manifiesto, por un lado, la legitimidad de la teologia dentro de la consideracion integral del saber humano, y por otro, las posibilidades que encierra la filosofia de Zubiri para una reflexion teologica del depositum fidei. (shrink)

Este libro sintetiza el pensamiento de un intelectual del siglo XX que ha tomado el pulso a su epoca. Su concepcion de Espana, la revision de los mitos en los que hemos sido educados, su raciovitalismo, su teoria del amor o sus meditaciones una valiosa aproximacion a un tiempo, el nuestro, que no es sino nuestro destino.

"This concise, elegant essay on the roots and historical justification of philosophy marks a decisive step in posing the problem of what philosophy is. With consummate clarity and the charisma that distinguished him as a lecturer, Jos Ortega y Gasset re-creates ""that moment when Parmenides began talking about something exceptionally strange, which he called 'being.'"" How and why, he asks, did such a surprising adventure come about?Considering the human qualities that prompt a curiosity about existence and eternity, Ortega (...) examines philosophy's etymology, its connection to poetry, and its differentiation from religion and other modes of thought. He lucidly delineates radical differences of doctrine and style among early Greek thinkers, especially the ""madman of reason"" Parmenides and the ""absolute individual"" Heraclitus. He also considers philosophy's fundamental task of revealing the latent world poised behind the manifest world and discovering the relations between them.""Unable to find lodging among the philosophies of the past,"" Ortega observes, ""we have no choice but to attempt to construct one of our own."" The Origin of Philosophy argues for the vital importance of philosophy as a human endeavor, even while noting that each generation of thought reveals the past as ""a defunct world of errors.""". (shrink)

Las preguntas que animan el presente libro se ven atravesadas por el espíritu del tiempo de incertidumbre en el que nos encontramos, pero de manera especial por la incertidumbre misma, ajena a cualquier tiempo, encarnada en ese vínculo que ha establecido desde siempre la filosofía con la literatura. ¿Cuáles siguen siendo hoy día estas relaciones de la literatura con la filosofía? ¿De qué manera se gana o se pierde fuerza semántica con la desaparición de fronteras disciplinares precisas?Estas son algunas cuestiones (...) sobre las que reflexionan el elenco de poetas, escritores y filósofos que colaboran en el libro ofreciendo una incuestionable aportación crítica contra los distintos procesos culturales de secuestro de la palabra. (shrink)

"El libro "Ensayos sobre pensamiento mexicano" es una propuesta reflexiva que reúne seis diferentes acercamientos a un tema común: México en el contexto del siglo XX. Los capítulos que lo integran se entrelazan a partir de dos horizontes de análisis, por un lado, el amplio espectro de la cultura con la diversidad de pliegues y posibilidades discursivas que le distinguen, y por el otro, la controversia siempre emergente que caracteriza a la esfera política. En esta confrontación y complementariedad radica el (...) principal aporte del texto, al brindar los elementos esenciales para un trabajo crítico a partir de la filosofía que centra sus problemas de estudio en el tejido social. Aunque los diferentes ensayos nos proponen una extensa gama de referentes históricos, lo hacen siempre conservando el tratamiento filosófico de los tópicos planteados. Aquí se muestra la conformación de un país que emerge después de tres siglos de colonización, que ha pretendido hacer la recuperación de un pasado pletórico de significado y que llega a su inevitable enfrentamiento con un mundo de interacción creciente allende sus fronteras. Pero no sólo se traza la perspectiva que recoge acontecimientos y personajes de una historia nacional, también se suma la mirada desde el exilio español avecindado en México, lo que aporta un punto de vista indudablemente enriquecedor acerca del espacio y el tiempo de una memoria que recupera circunstancias y propone los elementos de crítica frente a una razón totalitaria que fue factor común de varios países durante el atribulado siglo XX"--En la cubierta. (shrink)

En el presente artículo se pretende poner en relación la noción de kénosis, sobre la que se configura esencialmente la concepción hermenéutica de la religión en Gianni Vattimo, con la pretensión emancipatoria que surge del nihilismo hermenéutico. Para ello rastrearemos esa concepción hermenéutica de la verdad que ya no nos violenta, a partir de la cual se estructura la religión del pensamiento débil. Además, constataremos cómo la concepción hermenéutica de la metafísica, aparte de presentarse como clave de la secularización, permitirá (...) identificar la salvación con la interpretación. Sobre estos presupuestos generales de su filosofía Vattimo anuncia la venida de Jesús como fenómeno hermenéutico. Tendremos que preguntarnos finalmente si las posibilidades de este planteamiento trágico de la kénosis se llevan hasta sus últimas consecuencias con el anuncio sociopolítico de una emancipación de corte hermenéutico. (shrink)

Planteamiento de la naturaleza, de la filosof a y de su raz n hist rica, al contemplar panor micamente la totalidad de su pasado e intentar reconstruir el dram tico suceso de su origen.

El gran zoo (1984), del poeta cubano Nicolás Guillén, ofrece distintas representaciones sobre el Caribe. El artículo argumenta que el texto de Nicolás Guillén se inscribe dentro del movimiento literario hispanoamericano de la neovanguardia. Luego, se examinan algunas características formales del texto, tomando como ejemplo los poemas “El sueño” y “Guitarra”. Otro poema que se estudia con más detenimiento es “El tenor”, el cual parodia la división entre la alta cultura y la cultura popular. Por último, se analizan varias alusiones (...) del poemario al contexto histórico de la Guerra Fría y la Carrera Espacial. (shrink)

DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO SANTOS, Ariadna de Oliveira. Discurso pentecostal e diálogo inter-religioso: um estudo sob a perspectiva da metáfora conceptual. 2011. 111 folhas. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Religião, Belo Horizonte.

Desde 1935 Ortega anunció la publicación de un libro con el título de El hombre y la gente contendría su doctrina sociológica, pero sólo se publicó en 1957 y como la primera de sus obras póstumas. Esta nueva edición incluye el texto, inédito hasta la fecha, de la conferencia pronunciada por Ortega en 1934 a la que había dado el título que hoy lleva este libro, y en la que por primera vez expuso públicamente su idea de los (...) " usos " como realidad constitutiva del hecho social. Por otra parte, el texto va revisado y cotejado conforme a los originales. (shrink)

This article argues that the decision by the Columbian high court to totally ban the advertising and promotion of tobacco products is sound and could indeed be applied to other types of harmful products.

Based on the concept of interactional competence, our study analyzes how learners of Spanish as a foreign language in a B2 level manage repair in oral interaction in language classrooms. We understand repair as “the treatment of trouble in talk-in-interaction”. A corpus of eleven interactions between students in the classroom is analyzed through the perspective of Conversation Analysis. The interactions were collected in different kinds of tasks in the language classroom. In our analysis we compare interactions produced in practice activities (...) and interactions collected during assessment. The findings in this study show a tendency to manage repair in classroom oral interaction as it would be done in normal conversation. Regarding the different contexts of our corpus, we observe that, in interactions produced in assessment contexts, speakers try to protect their interlocutor’s face and their own face by avoiding to make repairs. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente artículo pretende analizar el discurso empleado por las voces líricas femeninas de las elegías anglosajonas medievales The Wife’s Lament y Wulf and Eadwacer. Mediante la idea de la conciencia del cuerpo femenino como origen de la écriture féminine propuesta por Luce Irigaray y Hélène Cixous, figuras principales del feminismo de la “diferencia” francés, se determinará que el uso discursivo empleado por las voces elegíacas femeninas diverge en cuanto al utilizado por voces elegíacas masculinas y que, de este (...) modo, supone un medio por el que hallar una identidad femenina propia más allá de los constructos de género patriarcales vigentes en la sociedad anglosajona medieval. Abstract: This article aims to analyse the discourse employed by the female lyrical voices in the medieval Anglo-Saxon elegies The Wife’s Lament and Wulf and Eadwacer. Through the idea of female body self-awareness as the origin of écriture féminine proposed by Luce Irigaray and Hélène Cixous, leading figures in French feminism of the sexual “difference”, we will determine that the discursive use applied by female elegiac voices diverges from that used by male elegiac voices and that, thus, it provides a means to find a female identity beyond the patriarchal gender constructs of medieval Anglo-Saxon society. (shrink)

Interpretive study of the theory, science and process of history.

As we navigate physical (e.g., supermarket) and digital (e.g., social media) systems, we generate personal data about our behavior. Researchers and designers increasingly rely on this data and appeal to several approaches to collect it. One of these is data donation, which encourages people to voluntarily transfer their (personal) data collected by external parties to a specific cause. One of the central pillars of data donation is informed consent, meaning people should be _adequately informed_ about what and how their data (...) will be used. However, can we be _adequately informed_ when it comes to donating our data when many times we don’t even know it is being collected and, even more so, what exactly is being collected? In this paper, we investigate how to foster (personal) data literacy and increase donors’ understanding of their data. We introduce a Research through Design approach where we define a data donation journey in the context of speech records, data collected by Google Assistant. Based on the data donation experiences of 22 donors, we propose a data donation framework that understands and approaches data donation as an encompassing process with mutual benefit for donors and researchers. Our framework supports a donation process that dynamically and iteratively engages donors in exploring and understanding their data and invites them to (re)evaluate and (re)assess their participation. Through this process, donors increase their data literacy and are empowered to give meaningfully informed consent. (shrink)

Contents: The Modern Theme – Supplemental: The Sunset of Revolution – Epilogue on the Mental Attitude of Disillusion – The Historical Significance of the Theory of Einstein. Translation of El tema de nuestro tiempo. El ocaso de las revoluciones. El sentido histórico de la teoría de Einstein (1923).

In this paper we examine the weaknesses of development strategies which have been applied in Puerto Rico. The process of industrialization by invitation, referred to as Operation Bootstrap, was instituted by the United States of America by the end of the 1940s. This involved tax incentives and subsidies for companies and was dependent on industrial peace and low wages in labor-intensive, low-wage industries, especially those of textile and clothing. Naturally, women's labor was encouraged as a result of the lower cost, (...) as well as assumed dexterity, of the female in such areas. While these new activity areas for women also allowed other benefits in the form of legislation and increased social services, the inherent problems of rapid, labor-intensive industrialization also led to displacement and increased underemployment and impoverization of female headed families from the 1960s onwards. The paper explores some of the changes in gender relations which resulted from these policies and looks at the challenges which the feminist movement in Puerto Rico has made, particularly with regard to state processes to bring about beneficial changes in the economic, legal, political and social status of women in Puerto Rico. (shrink)

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar enunciados conversacionales con humor fallido producido en conversaciones entre mujeres, entre hombres, y entre hombres y mujeres para comprobar si utilizan las mismas estrategias conversacionales cuando se trata de evitar la descortesía. El humor fallido se produce cuando los interlocutores, si bien reconocen la presencia de un enunciado humorístico, no lo continúan para así evitar ataques hacia la imagen de algunos de los participantes. Para llevar a cabo nuestro objetivo, nos basaremos en (...) la Teoría General del Humor Verbal propuesta por Attardo y Raskin ed: Joke similarity and joke representation model. En HUMOR: International Journal of Humor Research : pp. 293-347) y, en especial, Attardo, en la Teoría de la Cortesía que proponen Brown y Levinson, en tanto que analizaremos ejemplos extraídos del Corpus de conversaciones coloquiales de Briz y grupo Val.Es.Co. y del corpus de los mismos autores en proceso de digitalización. (shrink)