Name der Zeitschrift: Kant-Studien Jahrgang: 106 Heft: 1 Seiten: 165-168.

Our daily lives unfold continuously, yet our memories are organised into distinct events, situated in a specific context of space and time, and chunked when this context changes (at event boundaries). Previous research showed that this process, termed event segmentation, enhances object-context binding but impairs temporal order memory. Physiologically, peaks in pupil dilation index event segmentation, similar to emotion-induced bursts of autonomic arousal. Emotional arousal also modulates object-context binding and temporal order memory. Yet, these two critical factors have not been (...) systematically studied together. To address this gap, we ran a behavioural experiment using a paradigm validated to study event segmentation and extended it with emotion manipulation. During encoding, we sequentially presented greyscale objects embedded in coloured frames (colour changes defining events), with a neutral or aversive sound. During retrieval, we tested participants’ memory of temporal order memory and object-colour binding. We found opposite effects of emotion and event segmentation on episodic memory. While event segmentation enhanced object-context binding, emotion impaired it. On the contrary, event segmentation impaired temporal order memory, but emotion enhanced it. These findings increase our understanding of episodic memory organisation in laboratory settings, and potentially in real life with perceptual changes and emotion fluctuations constantly interacting. (shrink)

Este artículo de investigación explora los factores relacionados con el cambio social por la educación en jóvenes en contextos de pobreza y marginación en Veracruz. Para tal efecto, recupera datos del levantamiento de información de un proyecto sobre jóvenes mediante un enfoque cualitativo realizado en ciudades medias de ese estado, en el cual se estudiaba la participación política de los jóvenes, pero el tema educativo era muy importante para comprender las trayectorias juveniles. Nuestro artículo es derivado de la investigación “Promover (...) espacios para la participación cívica, la inclusión y la reducción de la Violencia” patrocinado por el IDRC (Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo de Canadá). La cual se enfocó en la inclusión social y la ciudadanía de los jóvenes en entornos de violencia, vulnerabilidad y exclusión en el estado de Veracruz. Se llevó a cabo en colaboración con la Universidad Veracruzana, el Centro de Servicios Municipales (CESEM) y el Movimiento de Apoyo a Niños Trabajadores y de la Calle (MATRACA-AC) durante al 2017 al 2020. El levantamiento del proyecto del cual recuperamos datos para este trabajo consistió en 20 grupos focales, 46 entrevistas a jóvenes y 14 a docentes en Xalapa, Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz y Poza Rica ciudades del Estado de Veracruz. Los datos indican que, al menos, existen cinco factores que constriñen los proyectos educativos juveniles: ingreso familiar, aspiraciones, contexto social, redes sociales y apoyo docente. Estos elementos de combinación contingente determinan las trayectorias juveniles individuadas en el campo escolar y pueden explicar tanto la permanencia como el abandono de la escuela en estas ciudades. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to provide an approach to the etho-aesthetic dimension in Marcuse’s thought. The approach in this paper is built upon the following thesis: the etho-aesthetic dimension consists of the transformation of subjectivity based on artistic sensitivity and critical rationality from which social relations opposed to an advanced industrial society and its one-dimensional man are reconstructed materially and intellectually. The conclusion is the following: a Marcusian critical theory, inherited from Marx and Schiller, would be one capable (...) of analyzing the potential qualitative changes of the subjects and social institutions to generate a higher level of rational development, equitable in the distribution of resources and in the generation of greater spaces of freedom. Its basis would be an etho-aesthetic attitude that does not take pleasure in squandering, but in the reflective experience of the sensible. (shrink)

El artículo aborda el tema de las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. Seconsidera relevante en el momento actual, debido a las diversas afectaciones que se perciben en el rendimientoacadémico luego de la pandemia, siendo cada vez más evidentes los problemas para regular el aprendizaje, la pocacapacidad para buscar información relevante y las dificultades para abstraer aspectos significativos de los datosde interés. Desde aquí se plantea la relevancia de comprender mejor el papel de las FE en el (...) aprendizaje, paralo cual, se inicia con varias definiciones que coinciden en caracterizarlas como aquellas que regulan, controlany mediatizan las actividades superiores y más complejas que realiza el cerebro; se las ubica en el córtex frontaly tienen diversas tasas de desarrollo a lo largo del ciclo vital, desde la infancia hasta la adultez joven, en la quealcanzan su pleno desarrollo. Agregado a esto, se describen los componentes de las FE, puesto que son variadosdependiendo de los autores y su relación con el aprendizaje. El enfoque es eminentemente neuropsicológico, perose realiza un breve diálogo con la filosofía de Heidegger, Hume y Locke. Se concluye con varias sugerencias deposibles actividades que pueden llevarse a cabo para desarrollar estas funciones en los estudiantes. (shrink)

Historicist and political reflection of Freire, gives us a deep look promising in the world. His conviction that oppressor and oppressed can liberate each other and together build a more just and equal, is embodied in education as an emancipatory praxis, which must be built into a dialogic relationship between teacher and learner. Paulo Freire's postulates it has influence of diverse intellectual currents and in this tour, we find a permanent invocation to Antonio Gramsci's contributions. La reflexión historicista y política (...) de Freire, nos entrega una mirada profundamente esperanzadora del mundo. Su convicción que opresor y oprimido se pueden liberar mutuamente y en conjunto construir una sociedad más justa e igualitaria, se materializa en la educación como una praxis emancipadora, la cual debe construirse en una relación dialógica entre educador y educando. Los postulados de Paulo Freire tienen influencia de diversas corrientes intelectuales y en ese recorrido, encontramos una permanente invocación a los aportes de Antonio Gramsci. (shrink)

This article presents the results and conclusions of a research study aimed at analyzing the incidence of Colombian criminals’ discourses and other people’s discourses in the configuration of the criminals’ identity, as enunciated in the works of the Colombian author Mario Mendoza and other academic and journalistic narratives. Likewise, identities were studied as discursive signs constructed from social relations; and an explanation was provided for violence and criminality as manifestations of the criminals’ denial of their identities and the rupture of (...) the principle of discourse regulation. The study is based on the theoretical, methodological and interdisciplinary perspective of the Semiotics School of París. It showed that the violent and criminal behavior of the analyzed subjects is guided by a way of life and a narrative scheme that implies a specific configuration of discursive identities. This also involves the encounter with a self ­—oneself and others who are denied—, constant and intense dysphoric manifestations, states of nonsense and senseless that mobilize the destruction of others as representations of an unacceptable self, which tries to resignify and restore with a compensatory violence. In this way, the study seeks to contribute to the understanding of crime in Colombia and its multiple causes. (shrink)

El artículo recorre la obra de Rodolfo Kusch posicionando sus principales propuestas en la construcción de tres enfoques convergentes en su filosofía. El primer enfoque está relacionado con la fenomenología y la cultura. El segundo enfoque se refiere a la influencia de la antropología y el cuestionamiento por el símbolo. El tercer enfoque despliega una aproximación filosófico-política. Estos enfoques permiten introducir tres “horizontes de pregunta” principalmente relacionados con el método, con lo popular y con lo indígena, que son expuestos como (...) asuntos centrales en toda su obra. Estos “horizontes de pregunta” buscan comprender los alcances de la filosofía de Kusch y su contribución al pensamiento filosófico americano. This paper analyses the work of Rodolfo Kusch remarking his main philosophical proposals through three correlated perspectives. The first perspective refers to phenomenology and culture. The second focuses on the influence of anthropology and the problem of symbols. The third posits a political-philosophical approximation. These perspectives operate interdependently as the background for Kusch’s philosophy and allow us to introduce three “questioning horizons” related to the method, the popular and the indigenous as the central issues of his philosophical work. Thus, these “questioning horizons” build a platform to understand Kusch’s philosophy and his contribution to the Latin American philosophy. (shrink)

In this paper, a stochastic simulation model for a standalone PV system sizing is replicated and extended to supply a dairy’s power demand. A detailed hourly-based simulation is conducted considering an hourly load profile and global solar radiation prediction model. The stochastic simulation model is based on a thorough statistical analysis of the solar radiation data and simulates the energy yield, the excess energy curtailed, and the state of charge of the batteries for the sizing month and the whole year, (...) providing the designer autonomy factor values d to properly size the PV system, finding the optimum combination of installed peak power P m and battery storage capacity C L that meets the application load requirements, considering a preset reliability level at minimum cost. The model makes use of the NASA’S Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy database to obtain solar radiation data. Results show a substantial reduction of 44% in installed peak power and battery storage capacity when compared to conventional methodologies, considering three days of autonomy, and an 85% reduction considering four days. Considering the goodness of fit test results, the Wakeby distribution best represents the behavior of historical solar radiation data for the site in almost half of the months. This article seeks to contribute to the literature gap in the application of methodologies for the multicomponent power supply in the dairy industry through the use of renewable energy. (shrink)

The aim of this article is to clarify the grounds of Kant’s practical postulate of the immortality of the soul. In order to do that, I discuss some passages of the Critique of Pure Reason, in which Kant explains the nature of antinomies and the reasons why these cannot be theoretically solved. After that, my next step will be to elucidate the connection in Kant’s philosophy between the moral law and the intelligible world. By doing so, I explore the arguments (...) in the Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals and the Critique of Practical Reason that prove that there is a practical access to the intelligible world, which is banned to those who consider the problems of antinomies –specially, the problem of human freedom– solely from a theoretical standpoint. I then reconstruct Kant’s view about the nature of practical postulates. In this regard, my analysis will focus on the notion of moral progress, which is, according to Kant, the actual motive that prompts us human beings to suppose legitimately our enduring existence after death. Lastly, I discuss the problematic nature of the notion of moral progress –which implies temporality–, and try to provide some reasonable grounds as to why it is nevertheless sound and cogent within Kant’s system. (shrink)

Para tratar la cuestión de los Fundamentos prepolíticos del Estado cons-titucional democrático, Habermas y Ratzinger coinciden en el punto de partida: abordarlo mediante el análisis de las relaciones entre razón y fe, análisis en el cual ambos reconocen su necesaria correlación. Además de este importante punto de acuerdo, los dos pensadores, que proceden de tradiciones intelectuales muy diferentes, suscriben el mismo punto de llega-da: la conclusión de que es el diálogo público, tolerante y plural, la alternativa a las posiciones radicales (...) y excluyentes que padecen las sociedades actuales. (shrink)

This article seeks to reconsider some colonial and contemporary readings around a paradigmatic figure: Malintzin. With this objective I will divide our approach into four correlated sections. The first introduces some elements around the construction of the term Malintzin, highlighting those that are related with the Nahua cultural world. The second takes up the colonial chronicles of Bernal Díaz del Castillo and Diego Muñoz Camargo, identifying their specific contents related to her figure. The third delves into some contemporary contributions of (...) a literary, historiographical and philosophical nature. To this purpose I will recover the literary appreciations of Octavio Paz, the historical proposals of Matthew Restall, and the philosophical approach of Bolívar Echeverría. The fourth section functionalizes some final considerations related to Malintzin as useful perspective to problematize the contemporaneity of the conquest of Mexico. Lately, this article seeks to ask and reflect on Malintzin in terms of the construction of an imaginary that posits a multidirectional understanding of her figure. (shrink)

Reseña del libro Filosofía de la inmunología de Thomas Pradeu.

Forensic DNA phenotyping is a genetic technology that might be used in criminal investigations. Based on DNA samples of the human body found at crime scenes, it allows to infer externally visible characteristics (such as eye, hair and skin colour) and continental-based biogeographical ancestry. By indicating the probable visible appearance of a criminal suspect, forensic DNA phenotyping allows to narrow down the focus of a criminal investigation. In this article, drawing on interviews with forensic geneticists, we explore how their narratives (...) translate contemporary focus on criminal molecularized bodies. We propose the concept of (de)materialization to approach three aspects of the forensic geneticists’ views. The first regards considering bodies as mutable entities. The second relates to socially contingent meanings attributed to bodies. The third regards to controversies surrounding data reliability. By reflecting upon the (de)materialization of criminal bodies, forensic geneticists juxtapose the defence and unsettling of forensic DNA phenotyping claims. (shrink)

Familial searching is a technology that detects genetic relatedness. The term is generally used to refer to searches conducted in criminal DNA databases to identify criminal suspects through their connection with relatives. Beyond criminal investigation purposes, familial searching might also be used for the identification of unknown bodies and missing persons. The United Kingdom and Poland are cases that illustrate the variability of familial searching meanings, uses, and regulations. In the United Kingdom, familial searching is regulated by exceptionality and is (...) mainly used for the identification of suspects in serious criminal cases. In Poland, familial searching is regulated within the framework of expanding the scope of its application to the search and/or identification of missing persons. Drawing on interviews with diverse key stakeholders in the United Kingdom and Poland, we address the ethical controversies of familial searching in the field of criminal investigation and in the domain of missing persons together. We argue that the views of stakeholders about the ethical controversies of familial searching lead to prescribing specific notions of social risks, public good, and the accountability of the state. (shrink)

Kant entendió su tarea filosófica como un intento por responder a tres preguntas humanas fundamentales - qué puedo saber, qué debo hacer y qué me es lícito esperar. Esta pretensión kantiana puede tomarse como el hilo conductor que recorre los siete estudios reunidos en este libro.

One of theprincipaI tush of the philosoher is educution, thut is, rhe formation of other human beings. mis is so related with moral discourse that it could be said that dhere is no dzyerence with the discome of educa- ?ion, und the latter is ackieved through quesfions and a critica1 attiíude...