Sistencia surge como categoría ontológica que permite dar sustento a los entes y relacionarlos con el ser sin por ello perder la condición de cada uno de ellos. Dios se presenta como ser trascedente; y el humano y el mundo, como seres dependientes del ser en sí mismo. Palabras Clave: ontología, Dios, humano, mundo, existencia.

Como he señalado en otras oportunidades, la obra de Santo Tomás de Aquino, aunque extensa y omniabarcante, se estructura a partir de algunos conceptos claves que sirven de fundamentos a la totalidad del ordenamiento de su pensamiento, lo que no lo simplifica, sino lo funda, haciendo de él un paradigma de reflexión también para nuestro tiempo, si sabemos comprenderlo desde la íntima profundidad de su sentido. La filosofía tomista es una filosofía esencialmente inclusiva que, a través de esas mismas ideas (...) matrices, presenta una cosmovisión filosófica y teológica, al mismo tiempo que refleja en ella una experiencia de vida. Así logra una síntesis que estructura una arquitectura reflexiva. Ello se puede ver en ideas como sabiduría, hábito y virtud, participación, analogía y otras. La connaturalidad como forma de conocimiento es una de esas ideas que estructuran su síntesis, siendo expresión de la congénita simpatía con el bien y de su concepción sobre la participación, mirada desde la realización cognoscitiva y afectiva de lo humano. El conocimiento por connaturalidad se muestra como simpatía que acerca afectivamente a un bien. Es así como, a través de él, presenta una visión casi sinóptica al abrirse a una amplia región de la doctrina tomista sobre Dios, el hombre, las cosas, desde un contexto que, aunque se puede analizar filosóficamente, es fundamentalmente teológico. En Santo Tomás la naturaleza se encuentra compenetrada por la gracia; su inteligencia no es sólo la del cultivar el don recibido, sino una inteligencia iluminada por la fe y purificada por la caridad. Por eso, la nobleza intelectual que transparece en sus escritos es, ante todo, el fruto de la santidad, de una santidad que no podía menos de expresarse en el orden del pensamiento. (shrink)

Nuestro tiempo se caracteriza por un fuerte subjetivismo valórico que posibilita a cada uno apreciar realidades de distinta forma. Mishima, a través de su obra literaria, acoge al mal, al sufrimiento, al dolor y a la muerte como valores que expresan lo bello.

El trabajo como toda actividad del hombre debe insertarse en un mundo de sentido, que hoy pareciera ser el productivo, olvidando otras dimensiones del mismo, que enriquecen el vivir del hombre en su avance hacia un mundo más humano y humanizante.

We propose various methods for combining or amalgamating propositional languages and deductive systems. We make heavy use of quantales and quantale modules in the wake of previous works by the present and other authors. We also describe quite extensively the relationships among the algebraic and order-theoretic constructions and the corresponding ones based on a purely logical approach.

In this paper we study interpretations and equivalences of propositional deductive systems by using a quantale-theoretic approach introduced by Galatos and Tsinakis. Our aim is to provide a general order-theoretic framework which is able to describe and characterize both strong and weak forms of interpretations among propositional deductive systems also in the cases where the systems have different underlying languages.

In his later writings, Althusser brings to light a repressed materialistic current in Western philosophy, ranging from Epicurus to Heidegger and Derrida. In this article, I argue that the comparison between Epicurus's conception of Nature and Heidegger's concepts of _Geworfenheit_ and _Es gibt_ allows Althusser to lay the foundation for a new notion of event. Through the analysis of this philosophical connection, Althusser aims both to think of Time and History in a non-teleological way and to create the conditions for (...) a political praxis that does not apply any kind of metaphysical principles to a constantly changing reality. (shrink)

Michael Walzer’s article ‘Political action: the problem of dirty hands’ initiated a new wave of discussion over a persistent problem in moral philosophy: are there situations in which ethical rules must be relaxed so as to bring about a greater good? In this article, we consider whether this ‘dirty hands’ approach may be applied to our current climate crisis. One proposed solution to the problem of global warming is the administration of moral enhancements to the population. Assuming that the administration (...) of moral enhancements is a necessary condition in the prevention of a climate crisis, Parker Crutchfield argues that this procedure ought to be covert. This implies lying to the public, and such dishonesty amounts to immoral behavior. We conclude that despite the severity of global warming, there is no justification for a dirty hands approach. Lying to the public in order to save the planet would probably create bigger problems, and it would ultimately be very counterproductive in trying to save the planet. (shrink)

Este trabajo analiza las implicancias de la relación comprensión lectora y resolución de problemas en matemática por medio de un análisis detallado de la formulación lingüística de problemas matemáticos y su resolución en un manual de apoyo docente elaborado para este propósito. De esta forma, se detallan diferentes enunciados de problemas en matemáticas para analizar desde su estructura verbal -conforme a una complejidad creciente e integrada- a fin de exponer su impacto enlas posibilidades de resolución por parte de los estudiantes (...) universitarios de primeraño en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la UC Temuco. (shrink)

Objective: Mindfulness disposition is associated with various psychological factors and prevent emotional distress in chronic diseases. In the present study, we analyzed the key role of mindfulness dispositions in protecting the individual against psychological distress consequent to COVID-19 social distancing and quarantining. Methods: An online survey was launched on March 13, 2020, with 6,412 responses by April 6, 2020. Socio-demographic information, exposure to the pandemic, and quarantining were assessed together with psychological distress and mindfulness disposition. Multivariate linear regression analysis was (...) performed to study the influence of predictive factors on psychological distress and quality of life in Italian responders during the early days of lockdown. Pearson correlations were calculated to study the relations between mindfulness and psychiatric symptoms. Results: Multivariate linear regression run on socio-demographics, COVID-19-related variables, and mindfulness disposition as moderators of overall psychological distress showed that mindfulness was the best predictor of psychological distress (β = -0.504; p =.000). High negative correlations were found between mindfulness disposition and overall Global Severity Index (r = -.637; p =.000), while moderate to high associations were found between mindfulness and all SCL-90 sub-scales. Discussion: Findings showed that high dispositional mindfulness enhances well-being and helps in dealing with stressful situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Mindfulness-based mental training could represent an effective intervention to stem the post-traumatic psychopathological beginnings and preventing the onset of chronic mental disorders. (shrink)

La reciprocidad se revela como un principio social fundamental cuando se evidencia su estructura dual. Por un lado, el don desvía el valor de las cosas hacia una pretensión de reconocimiento y estatus, con lo que crea un contramundo social; por otro, tales pretensiones, muchas veces defraudadas, contrastan con las relaciones objetivas y éstas son criticadas sobre el trasfondo de la reciprocidad pretendida. En las Confesiones de Rousseau, el sentido del agradecimiento de los personajes jóvenes y marginales les confiere dignidad (...) y derecho a la crítica. Smith esboza un procedimiento de recontextualización afín al de las narraciones de Rousseau, pero en su teoría, el significado distinto que la reciprocidad da a los objetos y sujetos del intercambio tiene que descubrirse en un trasfondo social, como una realidad paralela. (shrink)

While some countries are moving toward legalization, euthanasia is still criticized on various fronts. Most importantly, it is considered a violation of the medical ethics principle of non-maleficence, because it actively seeks a patient’s death. But, medical ethicists should consider an ethical alternative to euthanasia. In this article, we defend cryocide as one such alternative. Under this procedure, with the consent of terminally-ill patients, their clinical death is induced, in order to prevent the further advance of their brain’s deterioration. Their (...) body is then cryogenically preserved, in the hope that in the future, there will be a technology to reanimate it. This prospect is ethically distinct from euthanasia if a different criterion of death is assumed. In the information-theoretic criterion of death, a person is not considered dead when brain and cardiopulmonary functions cease, but rather, when information constituting psychology and memory is lost. (shrink)

In his Cahiers , Valéry says that writing two of his major dialogues, Eupalinos and L’âme et la danse , was an antidote to his ravaging mood: literature and spirituality are the remedy generated by a necessary and not eliminable evil, particularly the one that shows itself as ‘rage’ in love. The essay investigates thoroughly this contradictory logic and focuses on the problem of sensitiveness in Valéry’s work, pointing out a twofold presence of the ‘body’. Preserving these two presences, the (...) writing incessantly tries to make up “une fureur intelligente et expérimentale” and to give a new form, without deleting it, to sensitiveness’ acute pain. (shrink)