Based on a reading of the opening of The Animal That Therefore I Am, this essay exposes the genealogy and structure of the articulation of two motifs of Jacques Derrida’s thought: the promise and animality. Following a confrontation between Heidegger’s and Nietzsche’s conceptions of the human, we will show that, for deconstruction, the possibility to promise, or the possibility of having an “avenir,” is characteristic of an “animal” structure of experience. The anthropological specificity is not pertinent in this context: if (...) animality names the structure of experience in general, and if humanity is reinscribed into it, then this reconfiguration is not a matter of classes, but of structure. Therefore, the promise of deconstruction is an implication of the structure of experience of finite living beings: experience is open, historic, insofar as it is animal. Finally, we will show why the affirmation of this articulation coincides with that of deconstruction’s “categorical imperative.”. (shrink)

The appearance, in 1967, of the name of Jacques Derrida on the scene of contemporary thought was indeed plural; given the number of books published under his signature in that year, but also, more intrinsically, because this appearance was declined under a contradictory aegis: since the beginning, the problem of writing had to struggle between ‘two interpretations of interpretation’, one affirmative, the other nostalgic, between a Nietzschean affirmation and a Rousseauist reverie. This internal debate carried on its labour, remarking itself (...) much later at the surface of the page, according to more or less conscious protocols. This contribution retraces the terms of this conflict starting from two problems, if not words, where this conflict finds a very economical condensation: ‘pity’ and ‘weak force’, the problems of compassion for the living and of the hyperbole of political interpellation, in the short-circuit that takes shape between the ‘economy of pity’ and the ‘question of the animal’. (shrink)

Νέα ανάγνωση των επιγραφών που αφορούν τις ιερές αγροικίες του Απόλλωνα στη Δήλο και τη Ρήνεια. Α. Το είδος των επιγραφών επιβάλλει περιορισμούς στην ερμηνεία τους : δεν μπορούν να μας πληροφορήσουν ούτε για τη θέση των αγροικιών αλλά ούτε και για τη μορφή τους. Το γεγονός ότι υπάρχουν δεν πρέπει να μας κάνει να υποτιμήσουμε την σπουδαιότητα των ιδιωτικών αγροκτημάτων για τα οποία δεν διαθέτουμε κανένα παρόμοιο αρχείο. Β. Το έδαφος της Δήλου δεν ήταν λιγότερο πλούσιο από αυτό της (...) Ρήνειας και δεν είχε αποκλειστικό προορισμό την κτηνοτροφία : η αποκατάσταση της ID 452, 16-32 σε σχέση με την ID 467 βεβαιώνει την ύπαρξη ενός αμπελώνα στα Επισθένεια. Η έλλειψη μυλώνα στις αγροικίες της Δήλου δεν αποδεικνύει με κανένα τρόπο την απουσία καλλιέργειας δημητριακών αλλά πρέπει να συσχετισθεί με τον αριθμό των ατόμων που ζούσαν στις αγροικίες. Ενα μικρό ομοιογενές σύνολο κιστοφόρων τετραδράχμων της εποχής των Ατταλιδών είχε αποδοθεί, σε ένα πρόσφατα δημοσιευμένο corpus, στις Σάρδεις και τα Σύνναδα. Προσπαθούμε να αποδείξουμε ότι θα έπρεπε να ακολουθήσουμε ένα διαφορετικό συλλογισμό και τα νομίσματα αυτά να αποδοθούν σε τέσσερεις διαφορετικές πόλεις. Οι πόλεις αυτές θα μπορούσαν να είναι η Διονυσούπολις, η Βλαύνδος, η Λυσιάς ή τα Συννάδα και μία τέταρτη της οποίας η ταυτότητα παραμένει αβέβαιη. Βρισκόμαστε στη Φρυγία και προβληματιζόμαστε για τους λόγους ύπαρξης αυτών των σύντομων νομισματοκοπών. (shrink)

The paper explores the idea that some singular judgements about the natural numbers are immune to error through misidentification by pursuing a comparison between arithmetic judgements and first-person judgements. By doing so, the first part of the paper offers a conciliatory resolution of the Coliva-Pryor dispute about so-called “de re” and “which-object” misidentification. The second part of the paper draws some lessons about what it takes to explain immunity to error through misidentification. The lessons are: First, the so-called Simple Account (...) of which-object immunity to error through misidentification to the effect that a judgement is immune to this kind of error just in case its grounds do not feature any identification component fails. Secondly, wh-immunity can be explained by a Reference-Fixing Account to the effect that a judgement is immune to this kind of error just in case its grounds are constituted by the facts whereby the reference of the concept of the object which the judgement concerns is fixed. Thirdly, a suitable revision of the Simple Account explains the de re immunity of those arithmetic judgements which are not wh-immune. These three lessons point towards the general conclusion that there is no unifying explanation of de re and wh-immunity. (shrink)

Dans son exposé sur la hiérarchie des êtres supérieurs, Jamblique introduit l’étonnante mention d’un « rang angélique ». Il s’agit non du rang des anges eux-mêmes, mais de celui des âmes établies au rang des anges. Selon Jamblique, il peut arriver que les âmes, par la volonté divine, quittent leur rang et s’élèvent dans la hiérarchie, dans un processus et un mouvement inverses de ceux de l’incarnation où l’âme a le libre choix et descend dans la matière. Il apparaît que (...) l’âme angélique n’est pourtant pas désincarnée : elle est l’âme pure du théurge. Proclus en donne une illustration en avançant une interprétation du mythe d’Er où, de simple messager chez Platon, Er s’élève au rang des anges, interprétation qu’il cautionne par les pratiques théurgiques qui deviennent par là même le symbole en acte du mythe. Aussi la pratique théurgique vient-elle valider le discours platonicien et vice versa. (shrink)

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e caracterizar a produção do conhecimento dos pesquisadores que atuam nas Instituições de Ensino Superior do estado do Ceará. As conclusões apontaram que o desafio que se coloca é a constituição de Programas de Pós Graduação em Educação Física para o Nordeste que superem as lacunas impostas pela própria política de Pós-Graduação na área 21, que privilegia a subárea da biodinâmica e intensifica a fragmentação do conhecimento entre as ciências humanas e sociais, e as (...) ciências biológicas e da saúde, identificadas pelas características das tendências temáticas, epistemológicas e teóricas, que apontam para diferentes perspectivas de formação humana. (shrink)

La contribution de Michel Troper à la théorie générale du droit et à la théorie constitutionnelle est aujourd'hui reconnue et célébrée un peu partout dans le monde. Un talent d'architecte se tient à l'origine de cette audience rarement égalée dans la sphère francophone : celui qu'il faut pour accommoder toutes les exigences, quel que soit l'ordre de valeur dans lequel on les trouve : originalité, rigueur, souci de la fonction, esthétisme, solidité, adaptation, intelligence, inquiétude, esprit critique, renoncement, réalisme... A ces (...) mérites, on ajoutera une curiosité insatiable, un goût prononcé pour l'échange et le débat, un refus distingué de l'académisme, un sens exigeant de l'amitié et une méfiance profônde pour les adjectifs... C'est cet édifice de qualités que les élèves, collègues et amis de Michel Troper sont heureux de célébrer en lui offrant ces Mélanges. (shrink)

Over the last decades the problem of the existence of Byzantine philosophy has been posed in terms of the determination of its status, its function, and its subject matter. To a certain extent, this approach to Byzantine philosophy has been motivated by the increasing disciplinary autonomy reached by the other branches of what is nowadays called «medieval philosophy». A series of significant scholarly achievements over the last twenty years have contributed to the development of more-or-less well defined scholarly fields of (...) research concerning the medieval Latin, Arabic, and Jewish philosophical traditions. In regard to Byzantine philosophy the situation is much more complicated. In the first chapter of his La philosophie médiévale, Alain de Libera devotes his first words to the retarded scholarly development of the study of Byzantine philosophy. He claims that Byzantine philosophy has been mainly ignored and misunderstood, and has not been deeply studied. However, from the second half of the twentieth century one can find relevant and extremely important attempts to establish not only the basic features and developments, but the very existence of Byzantine philosophy. In this Forschungsbericht I shall attempt to reconstruct the scholarly debate on this topic, testing the main interpretive attitudes against some concrete cases of thinkers who lived in the area of the Eastern Roman Empire and who are labelled by most modern historians as «Byzantine». (shrink)

The phonetic evolution of the Greek language which, towards the end of the Hellenistic period, substituted for the quantitative rhythm, based on the opposition of duration of the syllables, a rhythm based on the distance between stressed syllables, allowed the emergence of new poetic processes which followed after the traditional metrics: the equality of number of accents between several cola and the echoes between stress-related clausulae. The analysis of some of Alciphro’s bucolic letters from this point of view reveals that (...) they are sorts of poèmes en prose organized in isotonic stanzas, with isotony of cola and recurring clausulae in close echoes. This discovery reveals the really artistic character of these letters. It also supplies a criterion of choice between variants or conjectures when the text is corrupted. (shrink)

à l’aube de la communication politique moderne, Rubens en affronte le problème central : comment authentifier un récit historique parfaitement faux. Il y répond par des moyens purement picturaux, en substituant la vérité de la peinture à la vérité historique. La confrontation avec les textes de Richelieu permet de comprendre à quel point la suite consacrée à Marie de Médicis sert un programme politique dont elle fabrique l’authenticité par sa puissance de persuasion.

L'égalité générale, c'est-à-dire l'égalité de tous envers tous, même si elle est préjugée favorablement, est difficilement réalisable à cause de notre pensée qui organise les différences en dichotomies et en oppositions hiérarchisées. Quand on examine des discours écrits par des femmes cherchant à définir la différence de la femme, on aperçoit de manière patente cette difficulté à nommer la différence. En comparant un texte de E. Harding, psychanalyste jungienne et un texte de M. Montrelay, psychanalyste lacanienne, on constate que malgré (...) des provenances théoriques et historiques éloignées, le féminin n'est dit qu'en référence au masculin. Avec notre mode de pensée , le désir d'égalité générale s'avère vélléitaire. Seul un discours éclaté qui donne lieu aux différences permettrait une mentalité égalitaire.Equality, when it is understood as equality for all, even though it is judged favorably in general, is hardly realisable because of the structure of our thinking that organizes the differences in dichotomies and in hierarchical oppositions. When we examine the discourses written by women that tend to define a difference of the woman, we realize the difficulty to name this difference. When we compare a text written by E. Harding, a jungian psychanalyst and another written by M. Montrelay, a lacanian psychanalyst, we observe that despite their distant theorical and historical sources, the feminine is said in reference to the masculine. By our way of thinking , the desire for a generalized equality becomes erratic. Only a fragmented discourse, that gives place to the differences could permit an equality in the mentalities. (shrink)

Ringraziamo Michele Bertolini per averci permesso di riprodurre il suo testo. Esso è sato pubblicato per la prima volta nella rivista De Musica, V, 2001. Introduzione Nell'opera di Raymond Bayer , uno dei protagonisti dell'estetica francese di ispirazione realistico-formale e cofondatore insieme a Lalo e Souriau della Revue d'esthétique nel 1948, la riflessione specifica sulla musica e sul sentimento estetico della natura occupa un posto importante ma certamente non esclusivo - Musique et Musicologie – GALERIE – Nouvel article.

Lors d’une conférence à l’université de Iéna, Paul Klee construit une ana­lo­gie entre la création artistique et la morphologie de l'arbre. Dans cette para­bole, qui a depuis connu une fortune critique internationale, il associe les racines au flux des apparences et des expériences et l'artiste au tronc, celui-ci ordonnant et acheminant dans l’œuvre ce courant qui l'assaille. Cette démons­tra­tion, qui a pour intention de justifier les développements abstraits de l'art moderne, réserve à l'ar...

One of the many drastic changes caused by Covid-19 was the quick implementation of distance learning which represented a great technological challenge to many teachers and students. In fact, Italy ranks 24th amongst the 27-EU member countries in digital competitiveness which testifies to the significant delays and gaps in basic digital skills amongst the population. Based on the difficulties encountered in organizing distance learning, we assumed that teachers' perceived stress increased. Given that transversal skills can be associated with this relationship, (...) we hypothesized that among these skills, self-efficacy mediated the relationship between the difficulties in organizing distance learning and perceived stress. Since we targeted teachers from Italy and other European countries, we also hypothesized that this mediator effect would be different for both samples. Our sample was composed of a total of 366 primary/middle school teachers of which 86% female. After doing a mediation analyses with Process, Hayes' Model 4, we confirmed H1 but not H2: resulting in a partial mediation effect of self-efficacy for each individual group of teachers. Since difficulties of distance learning can affect the perception of stress, we believe that the promotion of transversal skills, such as self-efficacy, can better equip teachers when facing stressful situations. (shrink)

À travers deux études de cas, on montre comment le travail sur corpus permet de prendre en compte la variabilité de la langue tout en donnant accès par la mise en paradigme de nombreuses occurrences à la valeur abstraite de marqueurs ou d'opérations énonciatives. L'attention à la diversité lexicale et syntaxique des contextes devient un atout pour déterminer ce qui favorise le recours à tel marqueur plutôt que tel autre. Par ailleurs certains faits apparaissent comme relevant à la fois de (...) l'orientation argumentative et de l'organisation textuelle et au-delà de la multiplicité des faits de discours se dégagent des spécificités génériques et des valeurs énonciatives stables. (shrink)

À travers deux études de cas, on montre comment le travail sur corpus permet de prendre en compte la variabilité de la langue tout en donnant accès par la mise en paradigme de nombreuses occurrences à la valeur abstraite de marqueurs ou d'opérations énonciatives. L'attention à la diversité lexicale et syntaxique des contextes devient un atout pour déterminer ce qui favorise le recours à tel marqueur plutôt que tel autre. Par ailleurs certains faits apparaissent comme relevant à la fois de (...) l'orientation argumentative et de l'organisation textuelle et au-delà de la multiplicité des faits de discours se dégagent des spécificités génériques et des valeurs énonciatives stables. (shrink)

A escola é um espaço importantíssimo para o desenvolvimento de trabalhos e ações que envolvem a gestão de resíduos sólidos, tema cada vez mais discutido em trabalhos e eventos científicos. Com o objetivo de sensibilizar educandos para o problema, um grupo de bolsistas do Pibid Interdisciplinar – Educação ambiental realizou um experimento em que ações socioambientais foram propostas e desenvolvidas junto com educandos de uma escola parceira. As experiências vivenciadas no cotidiano escolar dos dois grupos tiveram como técnicas de coleta (...) de dados necessários à elaboração coletiva das ações, observações e oficinas teórico-práticas, em quatro encontros, nos quais o tema foi abordado teoricamente, através de exibição de documentários e realização de algumas dinâmicas. A ação resultante foi um trabalho de reciclagem com o reaproveitamento de materiais que seriam descartados, ao longo do qual ocorreram discussões que consistiam em uma problematização que, a partir da realidade dos alunos, tentava contribuir para que eles percebessem problemas ambientais presentes em seu dia a dia, convidando-os a refletir sobre os seus hábitos de consumo, a forma de descarte dos resíduos provenientes do seu ato de consumir e os prejuízos por eles causado na natureza. (shrink)

Die Schriften Walter Benjamins stellen ein unvergleichlich aufschlussreiches Repertoire für das Studium von Kritik bereit. Sie zeigen, dass sich Kritik, sei es die der Gesellschaft, des Rechts oder der Kunst, nicht in einem Urteil nach etablierten Kriterien erschöpft. Benjamin erzielt kritische Effekte mit Hilfe von unerwarteten Zusammenstellungen oder genealogischen Rekonstruktionen, die den geläufigen Kriterien der Beurteilung nicht einfach folgen, und gerade dadurch die Eigentümlichkeiten der betrachteten Gegenstände unterscheiden und erkennen lassen. Kritik löst dabei eine Krise der habitualisierten Denkweisen aus und (...) sorgt für eine Wiederbelebung der Empfindsamkeit ihres Rezipienten. In seiner Untersuchung entfaltet Michele Salonia systematisch Benjamins zahlreiche, fragmentarisch gebliebenen Überlegungen zur Kritik, was einen Schlüssel für die Interpretation einzelner Teile seines Œuvres – Jugendschriften, Erkenntnistheorie, politische, Sprach- und Geschichtsphilosophie – sowie der Entwicklung seines Gesamtwerks an die Hand gibt. Zugleich präpariert er dabei einen theoretischen Ertrag heraus, mit dem innovativ in die gegenwärtige philosophische Debatte über die Formen der Kritik eingegriffen werden kann. (shrink)

Ce texte a déjà paru dans A. Caputo & M. Bracco, Nietzsche e la poesia, Bari, Stilo Editrice, 2012, p. 75-115. Nous remercions Michele Bracco de nous l'avoir adressé. Il tema della poesia e del ritmo impegna Nietzsche fin dai primi anni della sua carriera di filologo. Risalgono al semestre invernale 1875-1876 alcune lezioni tenute all'università di Basilea sulla storia della letteratura greca nelle quali l'origine della poesia viene spiegata a partire dalla sua relazione col ritmo, (...) - Philosophie (...) – Nouvel article. (shrink)

Michèle Stanton-Jean | : Le bien commun est un concept fréquemment utilisé pour aborder la question du vivre ensemble. Rarement défini, on l’utilise pour le critiquer comme le fruit d’une vision occidentale et chrétienne non applicable sur le plan universel ou encore pour en proposer une vision moderne affranchie de sa rigidité traditionnelle. Le texte qui suit se base sur une thèse qui a examiné les principes et les valeurs qui pourraient fonder une vision renouvelée du bien commun, susceptible d’être (...) utilisée dans tous les contextes culturels et historiques, en prenant comme exemple l’élaboration de la Déclaration universelle sur la bioéthique et les droits de l’homme adoptée à la conférence générale de l’UNESCO en 2005. | : Common good is frequently mentioned to discuss how we can live together. Rarely defined, it is often described as a concept based on a Western and Christian vision that cannot be applied universally, or as a concept that could be revisited to develop a modern and non-rigid vision of it. The following text is based on a PhD thesis that studied what principles and values could contribute to the development of a renewed vision of common good that could be used in every cultural and historical context, taking as an example the elaboration of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights adopted at the General Conference of UNESCO in 2005. (shrink)

At the heart of Youth Justice Conferencing, a form of restorative justice aimed at addressing youth crime, is the notion that young persons who have committed an offence should be ‘reintegrated’ into their communities (Braithwaite in Crime, shame and reintegration. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989). This paper focuses on the role of parents as support persons, in particular the ‘crying mum’, an identity often leveraged by the Convenor when prompting the young person to express remorse to the circle. We explore (...) an Avouchment genre that we have observed whereby support persons vouch for the character of the young person. Our analysis considers the ways in which values are composed (as ideational categories are coupled with evaluative interpersonal ones) and unfold in discourse as invitations for participants to align. In Knight’s (2010) terms, when shared, couplings of ideation and evaluation engender bonds through which participants may commune. (shrink)

For the past two decades, Einstein's Hole Argument (which deals with the apparent indeterminateness of general relativity due to the general covariance of the field equations) and its resolution in terms of "Leibniz equivalence" (the statement that pseudo-Riemannian geometries related by active diffeomorphisms represent the same physical solution) have been the starting point for a lively philosophical debate on the objectivity of the point-events of space-time. It seems that Leibniz equivalence makes it impossible to consider the points of the space-time (...) manifold as physically individuated without recourse to dynamical individuating fields. Various authors have posited that the metric field itself can be used in this way , but nobody so far has considered the problem of explicitly distilling the "metrical fingerprint" of point-events from the gauge-dependent elements of the metric field. Working in the Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity, and building on the results of Lusanna and Pauri (2002), we show how Bergmann and Komar's "intrinsic pseudo-coordinates" (based on the value of curvature invariants) can be used to provide a physical individuation of point-events in terms of the true degrees of freedom (the "Dirac observables") of the gravitational field, and we suggest how this conceptual individuation could in principle be implemented with a well-defined empirical procedure. We argue from these results that point-events retain a significant kind of physical objectivity. (shrink)

El presente ensayo examina la relación entre los conceptos de vida y de poder, teniendo presentes posiciones fundamentales en la historia de la filosofía, con particular atención a algunos escritos de Kelsen y Schmitt La finalidad es de evidenciar cómo la fuerza de la vida y el poder sobre la vida exigen ser integrados y complementados en estructuras conceptuales y teóricas más amplias y más orgánicas, para evitar unilateralidades y aporías. Resulta que una posición meramente vitalista corre el riesgo de (...) negarse a sí misma e invoca una norma, que, a su vez, sea capaz de reclamar un orden constitutivo, no fruto exclusivo del arbitrio, sino dotado de una intrínseca inteligibilidad, en modo de actuar un enlace y una conexión entre la dimensión natural y el horizonte personal, en el cual la vida se eleva a la consciencia y a la libertad responsable. El reclamo al ethos quiere, entonces, organizar los niveles de la vida, del poder sobre ella y de las normas para regularlo en una perspectiva completa, en la cual el momento subjetivo y aquel objetivo se impliquen recíprocamente, en modo de evitar tanto formas de imposición extraña, percibidas como heterónomas, como la exaltación de la opción arbitraria, asumida como única regla. El último paso lleva a ensanchar el discurso del ámbito humano a aquel de la realidad completa, para subrayar cómo naturaleza y persona puedan ser conexas, si como fundamento último está un Logos creador y ordenador, una Inteligencia creadora, capaz de hacer posible una verdad de las cosas a un nivel primariamente ontológico. El camino conceptual desarrollado busca delinear, en tal modo, un proceso, al mismo tiempo teórico y real, en el cual las posibilidades de la técnica en relación a la vida y a la vida humana no sean confiadas a la mera casualidad de elecciones arbitrarias y de opciones prometeicas, sino sean colocadas en un más amplio horizonte ontológico, dotado de intrinseca inteligibilidad y finalidad, y por tanto capaz de unir, a un nivel más alto y más profundo, naturaleza y cultura, orden objetivo y proyectualidad personal, libertad y responsabilidad. (shrink)