Morphological EvoDevo is a field of biological inquiry in which explicit relations between evolutionary patterns and growth or morphogenetic processes are made. Historically, morphological EvoDevo results from the coming together of several traditions, notably Naturphilosophie, embryology, the study of heterochrony, and developmental constraints. A special feature binding different approaches to morphological EvoDevo is the use of formalisms and mathematical models. Here we will introduce anatomical network analysis, a new approach centered on connectivity patterns formed by anatomical parts, with its own (...) concepts and tools specifically designed for the study of morphological EvoDevo questions. Riedl’s concept of burden is tightly related to the use of anatomical networks, providing a nexus between the evolutionary patterns and the structural constraints that shape them. (shrink)

The theory of Punctuated Equilibria challenges the neo‐Darwinian tenet that evolution is a uniform process. Recently, an article by Hunt1 has found that directional change during the evolution of a lineage is relatively small (occurring only in 5% of 250 analyzed traits). Of those traits that were shown to follow a trend, size was more likely to show gradual changes, whereas shape changes were more random. Here, we provide a short view of the nature of evolutionary trends, showing that directional (...) change within lineages and among clades provides valuable evolutionary information about the processes involved in their generation. BioEssays 30:521–525, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

In 2016, Béziau introduces a restricted notion of paraconsistency, the so-called genuine paraconsistency. A logic is genuine paraconsistent if it rejects the laws $\varphi,\neg \varphi \vdash \psi$ and $\vdash \neg (\varphi \wedge \neg \varphi)$. In that paper, the author analyzes, among the three-valued logics, which of them satisfy this property. If we consider multiple-conclusion consequence relations, the dual properties of those above-mentioned are $\vdash \varphi, \neg \varphi$ and $\neg (\varphi \vee \neg \varphi) \vdash$. We call genuine paracomplete logics those rejecting (...) the mentioned properties. We present here an analysis of the three-valued genuine paracomplete logics. A very natural twist structures semantics for these logics is also found in a systematic way. This semantics produces automatically a simple and elegant Hilbert-style characterization for all these logics. Finally, we introduce the logic LGP which is genuine paracomplete is not genuine paraconsistent, not even paraconsistent and cannot be characterized by a single finite logical matrix. (shrink)

There is a broad consensus on the legitimacy of states to control immigration. However, this belief has recently been questioned, among other reasons, due to the contradiction with current practices in emigration and internal mobility. The principle of symmetry states that any restriction on immigration should also apply to emigration; or that, to the contrary, if there is a right to emigrate, there should be a corresponding right to immigrate. The principle of coherence posits that every reason one might have (...) for moving within a country also counts for moving between countries. This article proposes to extend the coherence principle from external to internal migration, arguing that the same reasons that justify restrictions on mobility across borders justify restrictions on mobility within borders too. Therefore, either freedom of movement is a fundamental right or the right of the political community to control mobility prevails. The interests at stake are in both cases the same, so asymmetry is not warranted. This leads us to an apagogical argument for open borders. (shrink)

El presente trabajo propone tres principios de justicia en la política migratoria. En primer lugar, el principio de asistencia plantea que los Estados ricos tienen la obligación primaria de asistir a las personas pobres en sus países de origen, y solo una obligación secundaria de acoger a aquellas que no puedan ser asistidas donde viven. En segundo lugar, el principio de contención sostiene que el empleo de la coacción debe ser proporcional al fin perseguido, de manera que solo en situaciones (...) de riesgo inminente, directo y grave estarían justificadas las restricciones a la inmigración. Por último, el principio de restitución requiere que, cuando sea necesario restringir la inmigración, dicha restricción sea parcial y temporal; los Estados deben procurar vías de tránsito alternativas y restablecer la libertad de circulación lo antes posible. Además, el artículo considera algunas objeciones a los principios propuestos y concluye con una defensa de la gobernanza internacional de las migraciones. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende mostrar la lectura política que hace Miguel Abensour de Lévinas cuando analiza el sentido del eje conceptual levinasiano de la responsabilidad-para-elotro y sus vinculaciones ético-políticas. Así, podemos redescubrir la irreductibilidad de lo político como una dimensión que requiere de lo humano, todo esto bajo el lema de la extravagante hipótesis. Lo humano –a la luz de Lévinas y en lo cual Abensour se ancla– instala su propia irreductibilidad que hace renovar lo político y deja aparecer una filosofía (...) política crítica que quiere pensar de otro modo el Estado y la justicia. (shrink)

La emigración es un derecho humano, eso nadie lo discute. Ahora bien, que la emigración sea un derecho humano no significa que la decisión de emigrar escape a la crítica moral. El presente trabajo evalúa los argumentos esgrimidos en contra de la llamada deslocalización fiscal, que consiste en trasladar la actividad profesional a otro país con el objetivo de pagar menos impuestos. En concreto, se analizan los argumentos de la justicia distributiva, la reciprocidad y la solidaridad. Para ello, se compara (...) el caso de los _youtubers_ españoles con el del trabajador a jornada parcial, el graduado universitario que no ejerce de aquello para lo que ha estudiado y el rico hedonista, y se concluye que la única diferencia moralmente significativa es que los primeros se trasladan a otro país para pagar menos impuestos, mientras que los demás no. Sin embargo, esto presupone precisamente aquello que pretende demostrar, a saber, que la deslocalización fiscal es moralmente reprobable. (shrink)

El Espacio Ultraterrestre está cobrando más importancia que nunca no solamente como dominio operacional, sino también por sus vulnerabilidades intrínsecas. La OTAN no busca una confrontación directa en el Espacio Ultraterrestre, sino garantizar el acceso a las capacidades espaciales necesarias para que pueda seguir cumpliendo con el mandato encomendado por sus Estados Miembros. Para ello, tanto el fomento de la interoperabilidad como de la arquitectura jurídica de la Alianza serán fundamentales. La Inteligencia Artificial supone un desafío importante en el marco (...) de las relaciones internacionales no solamente por la posible asimetría entre Estados, sino también por el riesgo de impunidad y falta de atribución de posibles comportamientos “autónomos” que puedan resultar perjudiciales tanto en objetos como personas. (shrink)

The aim of this writing is to show the similarities between the philosophy of a modern author, like Leibniz, and the philosophy of a medieval jewish author, like Maimonides. I am going to write about the concept of "substance" in both authors, looking into the similarity between the "monad" of Leibniz and the idea of "angel" of Maimonides. Both of them, "monad" and "angel", settle, not only the concept of "substance", but also the concept of "Structure of living" besides some (...) more interesting cognitive notions which I am going to inguire into. (shrink)

The beating heart of democratic politics is a set of paradoxes revolving around the issues of popular identity and sovereignty. Populist ideology appeals to the sovereign people, consequently engaging the democratic paradox in a manner akin to either moving an immoveable object or catching something in constant flux. Marginal consideration has been given by scholars to populism’s relationship with the democratic paradox, with current notions of the former seeing it more as a result of the latter. Thus, by recasting the (...) democratic paradox as a question and analysing its relationship with populist ideology, this article seeks to clarify the supposedly ambiguous relationship between populism and democracy. In analysing the transformative processes within populism by using early Peronism and Italian Fascism as case studies, it argues that as the ideological embodiment of the democratic paradox populist ideology preserves and expresses the paradox in the public sphere. (shrink)

El principal cometido del presente trabajo es examinar el nivel productivo-infraestructural y subjetivo del régimen neoliberal, en contraste con la lógica puramente económica-empresarial del modo de producción capitalista en la era industrial y disciplinaria. En primer lugar, examinamos la noción foucaultiana de “biopolítica” y su recepción en el pensamiento de Deleuze, analizando el papel pretendidamente esencial que juegan los deseos humanos para el funcionamiento del capitalismo de consumo. A la luz de las averiguaciones logradas, indagamos en perspectiva histórica las principales (...) tecnologías donde se cifra la eficacia del “psicopoder” emergente, con el objeto de dilucidar, a la luz de las nuevas formas de producción inmateriales y en red, su sentido y sus efectos en las subjetividades y las formas de vida. (shrink)

Após afirmar que os dois sentidos aristotélicos do ato são insuficientes para dizer o ente tal como este se encontra na realidade, o trabalho mostra como o novo sentido que Lúlio atribuiu à noção de ato permitiu-lhe superar a limitação própria dos conhecimentos obtidos mediante as operações da faculdade cognoscitiva e alcançar, com ajuda de sua Ars, o ato de ser dos entes.

Apresentam-se, em forma de sintética perspectiva histórica, alguns dos temas principais da metafisica do ser, de modo a mostrar a articulação do pensamento filosófico desde Parmênides a Tomás de Aquino, salientando-se no fim de cada período as conquistas que ficaram em aberto. A seguir, expõe-se a metafisica Juliana, afirmando-se que esta seguramente consistiria numa tentativa de continuar a especulação e o aprofundamento sobre o ato de Ser, a partir do ponto alcançado pela especulação anterior. O trabalho pode ser visto portanto (...) como uma chave para a leitura das obras lulianas. (shrink)

La pregunta por el sentido de la filosofía ha sido un denominador común desde sus inicios, cobrando una fuerza inusitada con la expansión omnímoda del capitalismo en el «mundo de la vida», hasta el punto de «naturalizarse» como el único mundo posible. Reducida a la mera función de legitimar el imperativo de la equivalencia/acumulación, se impone la necesidad de elevar la filosofía a la altura del acontecimiento, en el afán por vislumbrar e implementar modos de vida alternativos a la dictadura (...) del capitalismo absoluto. En este contexto, exploramos el potencial emancipatorio del «_ethos_ barroco» en el pensamiento de Bolívar Echeverría, con el objeto de mostrar, desde esta perspectiva, las condiciones y los límites actuales para transcender lo que denominamos «capitalismo neobarroco», implantando en su lugar una suerte inaudita de «neobarroco postcapitalista». (shrink)

Recent pluralist accounts of the People and popular sovereignty, defining it as either a performance or a process, are divorced from the realities of mass disempowerment. By shifting emphasis from who to what, these notions of the People, though seemingly unconcerned with the problem of positing this entity as a collective agent, have actually posited the politically active as the concrete subject of the People. Consequently, I argue that these recent theories exclude the reality of mass disempowerment within contemporary democracies (...) by marginalizing agency, presupposing empowerment, and assuming the resonance of the various representations of the People. Simply put, they suffer from an activist-centric bias that renders the politically alienated, disempowered, and inactive as irrelevant entities, a nameless shadow lurking behind analyses of popular power. Hence, my task is to clear the ground for a more comprehensive theory of the People and Popular Sovereignty by exposing the roots, limits, and costs of this activist-centric bias. (shrink)

Autonomy is conceptualized as the need for agency, self-actualization and independence. Nowadays, financial independence and academic achievement for young populations may be considered as key aspects in the transition to adulthood in response to some contextual demands of different cultural environments. By means of a multi-level model, the present study aims to determine the influence and contribution of factors at individual-level (e.g. sex, age, socioeconomic status, family financial support, awarded scholarships, personal finance, student loans) and school-level (e.g. programme quality, online (...) programs, face to face programs) on the academic achievement of young higher education Colombian students. Data come from the scores of the national standardized academic achievement test administered in 2018 in Colombia. The sample included 234,386 students enrolled in 3,389 higher education institutions in Colombia. After controlling the effects of program quality, and the student's previous academic abilities and socio-economic conditions, results showed that students with scholarships had higher scores than financially-dependent students (those who had students loans) and financially-independent students (those who self-funded their studies or who worked during the week) who had low-scores in the national standardized academic achievement test. (shrink)

It is always possible to construct a real function f, given random quantities X and Y with continuous distribution functions F and G, respectively, in such a way that f(X) and f(Y), also random quantities, have both the same distribution function, say H. This result of De Finetti introduces an alternative way to somehow describe the `opinion' of a group of experts about a continuous random quantity by the construction of Fields of coincidence of opinions (FCO). A Field of coincidence (...) of opinions is a finite union of intervals where the opinions of the experts coincide with respect to that quantity of interest. We speculate on (dis)advantages of Fields of Opinion compared to usual `probability' measures of a group and on their relation with a continuous version of the well-known Allais' paradox. (shrink)

This paper intends to examine a tension within Kant's theory of respect for the moral law. Originally, in the Groundwork, respect is conceived by Kant as a mere effect or by-product of the immediate determination of the will by the moral law. However, in the Second Critique, Kant seems to confer to respect a more positive role by assigning to it the task to weaken the influence exercised by the inclinations, thereby promoting the influence of the moral law on the (...) will. We show that this shift in Kant's theory of respect is entirely due to a concession to a widespread model of determination of the will by inclinations, which is of Humean inspiration. Besides, we show that that Humean model must be completely abandoned because it is at odds both with Kant's considered view of moral motivation and of the determination of the will by inclinations.Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar uma tensão existente no interior da teoria kantiana do respeito pela lei moral. Originalmente, na Fundamentação, o respeito é concebido por Kant como um mero efeito ou subproduto da imediata determinação da vontade pela lei moral. Na segunda Crítica, contudo, Kant parece conceder um papel mais positivo ao respeito, dando a ele a tarefa de enfraquecer a influência exercida pelas inclinações, o que contaria como uma promoção da influência da lei moral sobre a vontade. Buscaremos mostrar que essa alteração na teoria kantiana do respeito é inteiramente devida a uma concessão a um difundido modelo de determinação da vontade que é de inspiração humiana. Além disso, buscaremos mostrar que esse modelo humiano tem de ser completamente abandonado, porque ele se choca tanto com a concepção refletida de Kant sobre motivação moral quanto com sua concepção refletida sobre a determinação da vontade pelas inclinações. (shrink)

The article discusses the so-called university crisis showing that, simultaneously to this crisis and the unstructuring process, we are facing a reconversion of the institution on the frame of the contemporary information society that models it as a potential enterprise. Nowadays, universities are being inserted in the cognitive capitalism, which makes a business activity out of the production of knowledge, thus subjected to every mechanism of capitalist production and dependent of the marketing of its items/services. As a conclusion, the article (...) reviews the various strategies displayed to face the university crisis: the official strategies of the academic institutions, the proposals of the teaching profession and the student's proposals; each of them analyses this process from different. (shrink)

Divisão do trabalho e apologia da ordem em Thomas Hobbes e Norbert Elias Resumo: O artigo expõe os juízos afirmativos granjeados por Thomas Hobbes e Norbert Elias a respeito da divisão do trabalho e de suas relações com a ordem social, a despeito das diferenças de métodos e de métricas dos autores em pauta. De Thomas Hobbes, recolhe-se a demonstração, com subjacência no raciocínio hipotético-dedutivo do filósofo inglês, de que, do indivíduo, palmilha-se à sociedade, do contrato que edifica o Estado, (...) envereda-se à divisão do trabalho como uma das maneiras de estatuir o conforto necessário à manutenção da sociedade civil. De Norbert Elias, apanha-se a relação processual entre sociogênese e psicogênese que, sem opor indivíduo e sociedade, trata da formação da divisão do trabalho e da individualidade como fenômenos inseparáveis e peculiares ao processo civilizador. Palavras-chave: Divisão do trabalho. Ordem social. Thomas Hobbes. Norbert Elias. Division of work and apology of the order in thomas hobbes and norbert elias: The article exposes the assertive judgments made by Thomas Hobbes and Norbert Elias concerning the division of labor and its relations with the social order, despite the differences of methods and metrics of the authors in question. From Thomas Hobbes, the demonstration, based on the hypothetical-deductive reasoning of the English philosopher, is gathered from the demonstration that, from the individual, ingrained in society, from the contract that builds the State, the division of labor is divided as one of the ways of establishing the comfort necessary for the maintenance of civil society. From Norbert Elias, one picks up the procedural relation between sociogenesis and psychogenesis that, without opposing individual and society, deals with the formation of the division of labor and individuality as inseparable phenomena peculiar to the civilizing process. Key-words: Division of labor. Social order. Thomas Hobbes. Norbert Elias. División del trabajo y apología del orden en thomas hobbes y norbert elias Resumen: El artículo expone los juicios afirmativos desmenuzados por Thomas Hobbes y Norbert Elias acerca de la división del trabajo y de sus relaciones con el orden social, a pesar de las diferencias de métodos y de métricas de los autores en pauta. De Thomas Hobbes, se recoge la demostración, con subyacencia en el razonamiento hipotético-deductivo del filósofo inglés, de que, del individuo, se adapta a la sociedad, del contrato que edifica el Estado, se entra en la división del trabajo como una de las formas de estatuir el confort necesario para el mantenimiento de la sociedad civil. De Norbert Elias, se recoge la relación procesal entre sociogénesis y psicogénesis que, sin oponer individuo y sociedad, trata de la formación de la división del trabajo y de la individualidad como fenómenos inseparables y peculiares al proceso civilizador. Palabras clave: División del trabajo. Orden social. Thomas Hobbes. Norbert Elias. (shrink)

Osteopathy is a person-centred healthcare discipline that emphasizes the body’s structure-function interrelationship—and its self-regulatory mechanisms—to inform a whole-person approach to health and wellbeing. This paper aims to provide a theoretical framework for developing an integrative hypothesis in osteopathy, which is based on the enactivist and active inference accounts. We propose that osteopathic care can be reconceptualised under active inference as a unifying framework. Active inference suggests that action-perception cycles operate to minimize uncertainty and optimize an individual’s internal model of the (...) lived world and, crucially, the consequences of their behaviour. We argue that active inference offers an integrative framework for osteopathy, which can evince the mechanisms underlying dyadic and triadic exchanges and osteopathic care outcomes. We propose that this theoretical framework can underpin osteopathic care across the lifespan, from preterm infants to the elderly and those with persistent pain and other physical symptoms. In situations of chronicity, as an ecological niche, the patient-practitioner dyad provides the osteopath and the patient with a set of affordances, i.e., possibilities for action provided by the environment, that through shared intentionally, can promote adaptations and restoration of productive agency. Through a dyadic therapeutic relationship, as they engage with their ecological niche’s affordances—a structured set of affordances shared by agents—osteopath and patient actively construct a shared sense-making narrative and realise a shared generative model of their relation to the niche. In general, touch plays a critical role in developing a robust therapeutic alliance, mental state alignment, and biobehavioural synchrony between patient and practitioner. However, its role is particularly crucial in the fields of neonatology and paediatrics, where it becomes central in regulating allostasis and restoring homeostasis. We argue that from an active inference standpoint, the dyadic shared ecological niche underwrites a robust therapeutic alliance, which is crucial to the effectiveness of osteopathic care. Considerations and implications of this model—to clinical practice and research, both within- and outside osteopathy—are critically discussed. (shrink)

El cometido del presente trabajo es examinar la actualidad del “ethos barroco” en nuestro mundo histórico, concebido como un mundo “neobarroco”. Para ello, comenzaremos indagando en perspectiva histórica los rasgos esenciales del “ethos barroco”, por oposición al “ethos protestante” que se impone en la modernidad capitalista, en relación al proyecto de Restauración católica de la Compañía de Jesús y su política cultural. En segundo lugar, desarrollaremos a grandes rasgos la imagen del mundo como representación (theatrum mundi) en el Barroco histórico, (...) haciendo especial hincapié en su dimensión sociológica (a tenor de la importancia crucial de “saber aparecer”), pero también en el plano ontológico (en relación a la dialéctica ser/apariencia). A continuación, probaremos la hipótesis de un “capitalismo neobarroco” en el presente, a la luz del actual fenómeno de “estetización social” (del mundo y de la vida humana). El objetivo último de la investigación es caracterizar desde una perspectiva eminentemente crítica la “vida en la imagen” que se deriva de este proceso planetario, en la medida en que se constituye como una impostura radical y ontológica, consistente en negar el carácter onírico de la vida, escapando a la conciencia del sueño. (shrink)

El objetivo de este artículo consiste en dialogar con los discursos universitarios de Peter Hans Kolvenbach, superior general de la Compañía de Jesús entre 1983 y 2008. En particular analizamos la dimensión “iustitia” como elemento distintivo del paradigma de la educación superior jesuita y todo ello lo contextualizamos, a la vez, en su tradición histórica. La apuesta por la promoción de la justicia social, en el entramado universitario de la orden de Ignacio de Loyola, responde asimismo a las opciones que (...) la Compañía de Jesús ha tomado, a raíz del Concilio Vaticano II, y se posiciona como una alternativa a la óptica utilitarista. (shrink)

Según nuestra hipótesis, la physis cultural sufre un desfallecimiento por razón del cual se muestra incapaz de generar sentido y fuerza intensiva en aras de su autocrecimiento ilimitado. Desde esta perspectiva, nos proponemos examinar la vigencia de semejante “agenesia” en el incipiente capitalismo flexible, con el objeto de dilucidar sus expresiones mórbidas a la luz de los mecanismos ciegos que vertebran actualmente la esfera laboral; en la medida en que nos arrebata nuestras potencias creativas, la organización social de la intelectualidad (...) de masas termina generando, en efecto, una especie de locura carencial entregada a la aporética autófaga de la organización del vacío, por concurso de la cual buscamos saldar compulsivamente la deuda infinita contraída con la cultura. Por último, apuntamos contra la necedad concomitante a la pérdida del autoextrañamiento como principal inductor de la crisis, en un mundo histórico que acepta con indiferencia la dictadura invisible del Capital, sumido en una “ilusión de autonomía” que identifica libertad y flexibilidad. (shrink)