It has long been believed across languages that the Agent‐First strategy, a comprehension heuristic that maps the first noun onto the agent role, is a general cognitive bias which applies automatically and faithfully to children's comprehension. The present study asks how this strategy interplays with such grammatical cues as the number of overt arguments and the presence of case‐marking in Korean, an SOV language with case‐marking by dedicated markers. To investigate whether and how these cues affect the operation of this (...) strategy, we measure children's comprehension of a transitive construction (with scrambling and omission of sentential components) in a novel experimental setting where arguments and case markers were obscured to varying degrees through acoustic masking. We find that children do not demonstrate the agent‐first interpretation strongly in the noun–verb pattern without case‐marking, showing their uncertainty about the thematic role of the nominal when it is both the only argument in the sentence and lacks case‐marking. They perform significantly better in the patterns with additional cues, the impact of which is asymmetric by age and by the nature of alignment between cues from word order and case‐marking. These findings suggest that, for Korean‐speaking children's comprehension of a transitive construction, the Agent‐First strategy is activated properly only in conjunction with other types of interpretive cues. (shrink)

Journal Name: Semiotica Issue: Ahead of print.

1. Sasŏ ŭi p'aerŏdaim chŏnhwan -- 2. Chuja ŭi 'Nonŏ chipchu' wa in kaenyŏm chusŏk -- 3. Tasan ŭi 'Nonŏ kogŭmju' wa in kaenyŏm chusŏk -- 4. Chuja ŭi 'Taehak' chusŏk kwa Tasan ŭi pip'yŏng -- 5. Chuja ŭi 'Chungyong' haesŏk -- 6. Tasan Chŏng Yag-yong ŭi 'Chungyong' haesŏk : Chuja haesŏk kwa pigyo -- 7. Tasan ŭi 'Maengja' simsŏngnon haesŏk : Chuja wa taebi rŭl t'onghae -- 8. Tasan ŭi Chujahakchŏk simsŏngnon pip'an : 'Maengja yoŭi' wa 'Tabi yŏhong' ŭl (...) chungsim ŭro. (shrink)

Although companies recognize the importance of social responsibility and community engagement, conflicts between companies and communities have been noticeably increasing. To better understand the role of institutional environments in company–community conflicts, we analyze two mining conflicts—Minera Yanacocha's Minas Conga extension project in Peru and Minera Los Pelambres' El Mauro Tailings Dam in Chile. Our findings imply that, to prevent negative consequences and alleviate company–community conflicts, mining companies should address underlying structural causes and pursue informal approaches in order to obtain and (...) maintain their social license. We find that better formal institutional environments not only alleviate conflict intensity but also facilitate informal approaches through which companies and communities can cooperate to resolve conflicts. The best practice would be to start and continue dialogs between communities and companies, mediated by impartial governments, to understand the concerns of the counterparty and find means by which to address the causes. (shrink)

法に対して合理的で批判的な姿勢を吹き込もうとする試み。ハート=ドゥオーキン論争以降の「法実証主義の現代的展開」を描き出す。本書ではとくに、ハートの理論的継承者であるラズおよびマーモーの議論に注目する。 .

Since the Korean Philosophy of Education Society was established in 1964, the question regarding the nature of Philosophy of Education as a modern discipline has always been a vexing question to mo...

Background: An association between gaming disorder and the symptoms of common mental disorders is unraveled yet. In this preregistered study, we quantitatively synthesized reliability, convergent and discriminant validity of GD scales to examine association between GD and other constructs.Methods: Five representative GD instruments were chosen based on recommendations by the previous systematic review study to conduct correlation meta-analyses and reliability generalization. A systematic literature search was conducted through Pubmed, Proquest, Embase, and Google Scholar to identify studies that reported information on (...) either reliability or correlation with related variables. 2,124 studies were full-text assessed as of October 2020, and 184 were quantitatively synthesized. Conventional Hedges two-level meta-analytic method was utilized.Results: The result of reliability generalization reported a mean coefficient alpha of 0.86 and a mean test-retest estimate of 0.86. Estimated effect sizes of correlation between GD and the variables were as follows: 0.33 with depression, 0.29 with anxiety, 0.30 with aggression, –0.22 with quality of life, 0.29 with loneliness, 0.56 with internet addiction, and 0.40 with game playtime, respectively. The result of moderator analyses, funnel and forest plots, and publication bias analyses were also presented.Discussion and Conclusion: All five GD instruments have good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Relatively few studies reported the test-retest reliability. The result of correlation meta-analysis revealed that GD scores were only moderately associated with game playtime. Common psychological problems such as depression and anxiety were found to have a slightly smaller association with GD than the gaming behavior. GD scores were strongly correlated with internet addiction. Further studies should adopt a rigorous methodological procedure to unravel the bidirectional relationship between GD and other psychopathologies.Limitations: The current study did not include gray literature. The representativeness of the five tools included in the current study could be questioned. High heterogeneity is another limitation of the study.Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [CRD42020219781]. (shrink)

본 논문은 조선 말기에 활동한 우성규와 일제강점기에 활동한 신성섭의 활동 양상을 통해 조선 중기 때 금호강과 낙동강이 합류하는 대구 지역에 형성된 한강 정구에서 낙재 서사원으로 이어지는 학맥과 도통 의식이 300년 동안 이어져 내려왔음을 규명하고자 했다. 우성규와 신성섭은 금호강 하류일대에 구곡을 경영하고 구곡가를 지으면서 한강 정구와 낙재 서사원을 떠올렸다. 대구지역에는 몇몇 유학자들이 구곡을 경영하면서 구곡가를 지었는데, 여기에서 자신의 학맥과 도학의 연원을 정구와 서사원에 두고 있는 것은 우성규와 신성섭 두 사람의 경우이다.BR 우성규는 이뿐만 아니라 일찍이 칠곡부사 시절 정구와 깊은 관련이 있는 녹봉정사와 (...) 사양서원, 관어대 등을 찾았다. 그리고 낙향 후 서찬규와 이종기 등 일대의 유림 80여 명과 어울려 낙강선유를 했을 때도 정구와 서사원을 떠올렸으며, 낙강선유 자체도 일찍이 서사원이 행했던 선사선유의 행적을 따랐던 것이다.BR 이를 통해 금호강이 낙동강과 합류하는 하류 지역, 곧 대구를 중심으로 한 낙동강 중류 지역 일대에는 조선 중기에 형성된 한강 정구에서 낙재 서사원으로 이어진 낙동강 중류 지역 유학의 학맥과 도통 의식이 300년이 되도록 끊어지지 않은 채 면면히 이어졌음을 알 수 있다. (shrink)