The current techno-scientific revolution has transformed the concepts of person and human being. Techno-scientific developments raise questions about our very own humanity and bring again the Übermensch, about whom Nietzsche once spoke, for discussion. Technology has increased the desire to modify our human condition, aiming for the perfection of the physical, intellectual and psychological abilities. Different sciences and disciplines have had the necessity to adapt themselves to these techno-scientific transformations. Psychology has not been the exception and, because of that, a (...) new paradigm of approaching the human mind has been recently established. Concepts such as cybertherapy, virtual reality therapy to treat patients with phobias, and the use of Artificial Intelligence have revolutionized Psychology. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to establish whether the use of Artificial Intelligence in Psychotherapy actually contributes to the improvement of human beings by making possible progress within the field of Mental Health Care or, on the contrary, it poses a risk to humanity, which might face the possibility of replacing human therapists with intelligent machines. (shrink)

We affirm the utility of integrative modeling, according to which it is advantageous to move beyond “one-at-a-time binary paradigms” through studies that position themselves within realistic multidimensional design spaces. We extend the integrative modeling approach to a target domain with which we are familiar, the consequences of bilingualism on mind and brain, often referred to as the “bilingual advantage.” In doing so, we highlight work from our group consistent with integrative modeling.

Background Biomedical and ethnographic studies among indigenous people are common practice in health and geographical research. Prior health research misconduct has been documented, particularly when obtaining genetic material. The objective of this study was to crossmatch previously published data with the perceptions of the Waorani peoples about the trading of their genetic material and other biological samples. Methods We conducted a mixed methods study design using a tailored 15-item questionnaire in 72 participants and in-depth interviews in 55 participants belonging to (...) 20 Waorani communities about their experiences and perceptions of participating in biomedical research projects. Additionally, we conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to crossmatch the published results of studies stating the approval of an ethics committee and individual consent within their work. Results A total of 40 men and 32 women, with a mean age of 57 ± 15 years agreed to be interviewed for inclusion. Five main categories around the violation of good clinical practices were identified, concerning the obtention of blood samples from a recently contacted Waorani native community within the Amazonian region of Ecuador. These themes are related to the lack of adequate communication between community members and researchers as well as the voluntariness to participate in health research. Additionally, over 40 years, a total of 38 manuscripts related to the use of biological samples in Waorani indigenous people were published. The majority of the studies did not state within their article obtaining research ethics board approval, and 71% did not report obtaining the informed consent of the participants prior to the execution of the project. Conclusion Clinical Research on the Waorani community in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin has been performed on several occasions. Unfortunately, the majority of these projects did not follow the appropriate ethical and professional standards in either reporting the results or fulfilling them. The results of our investigation suggest that biological material, including genetic material, has been used by researchers globally, with some omitting the minimum information required to guarantee transparency and good clinical practices. We highlight the importance of stating ethics within research to avoid breaches in research transparency. (shrink)

"A philosophical exploration of Miguel de Unamuno's theory of reality, in regard to man, nature, and God, by examining the famed Spanish philosopher-writer's published works and his correspondence.".

The meanings of utterances and thoughts are commonly regarded in philosophical semantics as abstract objects, called «propositions», which account for how different utterances and thoughts can be synonymous and which constitute the primary truth-bearers. I argue that meanings are instead natural properties that play causal roles in the world, that the kind of «One over Many» thinking underlying the characterization of shared meanings as abstract objects is misguided and that utterances and thoughts having truth-values in virtue of their meanings does (...) not entail that meanings themselves are truth-bearers. (shrink)

Philosophy of logic is a fundamental part of philosophical study, and one which is increasingly recognized as being immensely important in relation to many issues in metaphysics, metametaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of language. This textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to topics including the objectivity of logical inference rules and its relevance in discussions of epistemological relativism, the revived interest in logical pluralism, the question of logic's metaphysical neutrality, and the demarcation between logic and mathematics. Chapters (...) in the book cover the state of the art in contemporary philosophy of logic, and allow students to understand the philosophical relevance of these debates without having to contend with complex technical arguments. This will be a major new resource for students working on logic, as well as for readers seeking a better understanding of philosophy of logic in its wider context. (shrink)

Este artículo plantea que ciertas situaciones en las que nos vemos obligados a prestar atención a los riesgos que tomamos al confiar, como la amenaza de violencia o la ruptura de la confianza, motivan una forma particular de confianza en la cual nos interesa tomar consciencia de las creencias, valoraciones e intenciones prácticas implicadas al confiar. Tras describir fenomenológicamente, desde una perspectiva husserliana, la estructura de esta forma de confianza, denominada confianza reflexiva o racional, se expone por qué su análisis (...) filosófico puede contruibuir a aclarar problemáticas epistemológicas y éticas que se desprenden del carácter social de nuestra existencia. En la parte final del artículo se sugiere que el concepto de confianza reflexiva o racional puede servir para entender problemáticas relacionadas con la posverdad y para discernir algunas formas básicas de dominación y de complicidad con la dominación. (shrink)

En 1986 Edgar Garavito Pardo escribió un artículo en homenaje a Michel Foucault, quien había muerto dos años antes, y que fue titulado De la parrhesía o el decir-verdad. En este escrito el colmbiano asume el decir-verdad como una línea de fuga que tiende a la autenticidad de los valores por más confrontaciones que exista con el poder, pues el decir-verdad es el decir verdad de lo que uno es, hace y piensa sin dejarse coaccionar por los convencionalismo políticos, mediáticos (...) e identitarios, y en ese sentido, para Garavito el decir-verdad como “actitud podría salvar a Colombia”, es decir, salvaguardar la democracia desde una actitud democrática que se encuentra validada en virtud del actuar del filósofo. El decir-verdad permite que la vida y la política coincidan a través de un lenguaje liberado, anárquico y transcursivo. Desde un ejercicio hermenéutico crítico, usado de manera filosófica, se aborda el autor para proponer una lectura original de la parrhesía de Edgar Garavito Pardo en relación con la transcursividad, que es el aspecto transformativo del lenguaje. (shrink)

Este artículo contiene la edición y traducción al castellano de cinco cartas conservadas en el Archivo nacional de la Torre do Tombo (Portugal). Estos documentos datan de la primera mitad del siglo XVI y forman parte de la correspondencia procedente de las plazas portuguesas en el Norte de África. Desde un punto de vista lingüístico, las cartas se caracterizan por estar escritas en árabe medio, una variedad de lengua que presenta importantes divergencias gramaticales con respecto a la norma del árabe (...) clásico y en la cual se combinan elementos dialectales y otros del árabe estándar. (shrink)

This article is mainly about two things: first, exploring the gatherings of studying in the university. And second, it is about describing new relations to understand studying practices beyond the normative interventions carried out inside learning environments and the clearly demarcated functions imposed to their practice. In a certain sense, common assumptions about study recognize its importance for achieving learning goals and its capacity to be designed according to pre-conceived intentions. However, in an attempt to reconsider our understanding about studying, (...) the basic arguments here is that studying practices are constituted by open-ended activities that are guided by present interests to things that matter. Based on Theodore Schatzki’s practice theory, activities of studying were observed through scenes, where students and study-materiality join together in the event of studying at the Agora Learning Centre of KU Leuven in Belgium. Adopting a particular sensibility and narrative to describe and attend to actions and material entities entangled on studying activities, the article attempts to take a look at these activities beyond their functionality. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to take a look at ‘what is going on’ in studying practices. (shrink)

La propuesta tiene como objetivo, plantear un modelo educativo sostenible respondiendo a las necesidades de los países en vías de desarrollo en materia de economía, sociedad, medio ambiente y cultura teniendo como principio fundamental el análisis de efectos que pueden poner en riesgo el bienestar de las generaciones futuras ante fenómenos como la escolaridad masiva, la correlación entre grado de estudio y movilidad social, los efectos de las subvenciones a fondo perdido en eldesarrollodeinnovacióntecnológica y no tecnológica y la preservación de (...) la cultura en los diferentes niveles educativos analizando las prospectivas de los modelos educativos; teniendo como directriz el Informe Brutland (1987) presentado en la comisión Mundial del Medio Ambiente y desarrollo de Naciones Unidas creada en 1983 y la Declaración en la sexagésimo novena sesión plenaria de naciones Unidas en 2010 sobre la cultura como cuarto pilar del desarrollo sostenible.Consecuentemente la propuesta tendrá como sustento los indicadores de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) de sus publicaciones de Education at a Glance 2014, Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2013 y OECD Science, Technologyand Industry Scoreboard 2013, para efecto de realizar un análisis comparativo entre países en vías de desarrollo. (shrink)

Este artículo de reflexión, que hace parte de la investigación De la polis a la politeia. La política hoy, propone un éxodo semiológico (semiótica a-significante) como resistencia al gobierno de signos de los Mass Media, lo que siguiendo a Paolo Virno se llama industria comunicacional; para sustentar esta propuesta se recurre a la teoría del éxodo que exponen los operaístas como Antonio Negri, Paolo Virno, Michael Hardt y Víctor Moncayo y que propende por la huida y el escape del sistema (...) dominante y no por la búsqueda del poder estatal. (shrink)

An analysis of Nicholas of Cusa’s conception of the power of judgment that shows it enables morality as well as cognition.

This article is a product of research about global public policies. In this is proposes an ethical basis of international cooperation as a GPP capable of providing public world goods of the international system. Through an analysis of the recent theoretical framework of IC it is concluded that such theories, even those that do not declare it explicitly, are based on Kantian cosmopolitan ethics. Even those theories that are based on the hobbesian premise of natural anarchy in state of war. (...) In this article also is suggests the urgency of an international governance system with a GPP focused in cooperation and capable to providing the world's supreme public good: The peace with human security. (shrink)

El presente artículo se propone hacer un rastreo a través de un corpus epistolar del siglo XVI, con el fin de obtener algunos datos lingüísticos acerca de las variedades árabes que se hablaban en esa época en la parte occidental de Marruecos. Asimismo, este estudio trata de arrojar luz acerca del desarrollo histórico de varios rasgos dialectales, los cuales pueden ayudarnos a comprender mejor la evolución de los dialectos árabes en Marruecos y en el Magreb. Nuestro estudio se basa en (...) el análisis lingüístico de algunas de las cartas luso-marroquíes que se conservan en el Archivo Nacional de la Torre do Tombo (Lisboa). (shrink)

A large part of technological advances, especially in the field of industry, have been focused on the optimization of productive processes. However, the detection of anomalies has turned out to be a great challenge in fields like industry, medicine or stock markets. The present work addresses anomaly detection on a control level plant. We propose the application of different intelligent techniques, which allow to obtain one-class classifiers using real data taken from the correct plant operation. The performance of each classifier (...) is assessed and validated with real created faults, achieving successful overall results. (shrink)

Nowadays, the quality standards of higher education institutions pay special attention to the performance and evaluation of the students. Then, having a complete academic record of each student, such as number of attempts, average grade and so on, plays a key role. In this context, the existence of missing data, which can happen for different reasons, leads to affect adversely interesting future analysis. Therefore, the use of imputation techniques is presented as a helpful tool to estimate the value of missing (...) data. This work deals with the academic records of engineering students, in which imputation techniques are applied. More specifically, it is assessed and compared to the performance of the multivariate imputation by chained equations methodology, the adaptive assignation algorithm based on multivariate adaptive regression splines and a hybridization based on self-organisation maps with Mahalanobis distances and AAA algorithm. The results show that proposed methods obtain successfully results regardless the number of missing values, in general terms. (shrink)

Resumen El sujeto es negatividad, pero esto no es ninguna carencia o falta, al contrario, es potencia: La sustancia, su autocontracción en un punto vacío, es la singularidad como lo opuesto a la particularidad el sujeto es el poder de la negatividad. Así la negatividad del sujeto es eso que va más allá de cualquier sustancia particular. La negatividad de la que plantea este trabajo tomará la vía que se propone desde la propuesta del filósofo esloveno Zizek desde su apuesta (...) hegeliano- lacaniana. En esa propuesta ya no se trata de poder recuperar a ese Otro a como dé lugar, situación que podría explicar muchas de las manifestaciones subjetivas en el siglo XXI, donde el sujeto al pretender reactivamente taponar la inconsistencia del Otro, tapona la fisura de mismo del sujeto. La practica psicoanalítica desde la negatividad apuesta por un trabajo que bordee ese agujero, dicha práctica en vez de apuntar a un yo positivizado para llenar ese vacío constitutivo del sujeto, se apuesta por el vacío no sólo del sujeto sino del Otro para constituir un proyecto común donde la negatividad sea tratada desde un saber hacer que no la desconozca sino la enfrente. (shrink)

¿Qué es el materialismo y cómo este opera en la praxis psicoanalítica? Esa es la pregunta a la cual este artículo intenta responder, para eso se realiza un breve recorrido histórico conceptual por algunas apuestas teórico-prácticas desde Freud, pasando por Lacan hasta pensadores contemporáneos. Se profundizó en algunas nociones de Slavoj Žižek, específicamente en su concepción materialista o lo que él mismo denomina «una refundación del materialismo dialéctico», donde se presenta una mezcla inconsciente no-toda. Es a propósito de dicha perspectiva (...) teórica que en este trabajo se ponen en tela de juicio algunos debates clínicos desde la filosofía y el psicoanálisis. (shrink)

Based on an ethnographic case study, we describe the family experiences and the access to formal education of 30 Paraguayan women to show how these factors influence their labor insertion at the Paraná Tri-Border Area. We will start by reviewing the theoretical debates about gender inequality in labor insertion in border territories. Then, we will explain the study’s methodology and the profile of the interviewees. The analysis consists in describing the relationship between the rural origins of these women and gender (...) inequalities; we will establish how these inequalities are related to low access to formal education and the precariousness of their insertion into the job market. In addition, we will show how these circumstances imply a contradiction in their work experience on the border, between the abuses suffered and the autonomy gained; and we will analyze the expectations of transgenerational transformation that our protagonists project in their children. (shrink)

In this paper I aim to think about a set of different issues in relation to Marx’s philosophy on the light of the experience of Paris Commune. More specifically, I would like to point out that Marx’s experience facing the Commune could be constituted as a revealing indicator of some of the most significant outlines of his philosophy. Firstly, I am proposing an analysis of the letter from Marx to Ruge in Kreuznach with the purpose of thinking over young Marx’s (...) revolution idea by identifying two critical aspects that modify and project it transformed towards the Commune. In second place, I present a re-reading of The Civil War in France crossed by an internal disjunction between the scientific, political and philosophical words that are present in Marx, but that resist to be reappropriated in a single speech. (shrink)

SUÁREZ MOLANO, José Olimpo. Syllabus sobre filosofía política. Medellín: Colección Pensamiento Político Contemporáneo, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana-Concejo de Medellín, No 3, 2003, 179 p.

O tema deste artigo são as relações entre mídia e cultura, através do conflito simbólico que se instala a partir de um blow up: a torcedora Patrícia Moreira, em 2014, no jogo entre Grêmio e Santos, gritando a palavra 'ma-ca-co'. Esse tema é construído enquanto circulação midiática. Esse objeto, amplo e diversificado, é aqui abordado em torno de uma questão específica: a incerteza nos processos midiáticos. A metodologia é de análise das interações entre atores, instituições midiáticas e midiatizadas, configurando um (...) ambiente-circuito imprevisível. A proposição é que os dilemas e impasses sócio-antropológicos não são apenas atualizados nos processos midiáticos, mas são também transformados pelo contato entre territórios antes estabilizados. A instabilidade nas interações é sugerida como núcleo ativador do processo circulatório. (shrink)

Se intenta una contribución al conocimiento de la enseñanza de la filosofía en el Colegio de San Carlos de Buenos Aires hacia fines del siglo XVIII. Para ello se examinan las propuestas de Juan Baltasar Maziel (1727-1788) para dicho Colegio en materia de Filosofía, Teología y Derecho. Esta información se complementa con la exposición de otras ideas jurídico-políticas de Maziel, en el contexto de su actividad eclesiástica. The subject is the contribution of Juan Baltasar Maziel (1727-1778) to the teaching of (...) Philosophy, Theology and Law in the Colegio de San Carlos of Buenos Aires, in the last third of the XVIIIth Century. In addition, other political ideas of Maziel are considered. (shrink)

The use of batteries became essential in our daily life in electronic devices, electric vehicles and energy storage systems in general terms. As they play a key role in many devices, their design and implementation must follow a thorough test process to check their features at different operating points. In this circumstance, the appearance of any kind of deviation from the expected operation must be detected. This research deals with real data registered during the testing phase of a lithium iron (...) phosphate—LiFePO4—battery. The process is divided into four different working points, alternating charging, discharging and resting periods. This work proposes a hybrid classifier, based on one-class techniques, whose aim is to detect anomalous situations during the battery test. The faults are created by modifying the measured cell temperature a slight ratio from their real value. A detailed analysis of each technique performance is presented. The average performance of the chosen classifier presents successful results. (shrink)

In the first year of the twentieth century, in Gottingen, Husserl delivered two talks dealing with a problem that proved central in his philosophical development, that of imaginary elements in mathematics. In order to solve this problem Husserl introduced a logical notion, called “definiteness”, and variants of it, that are somehow related, he claimed, to Hilbert’s notions of completeness. Many different interpretations of what precisely Husserl meant by this notion, and its relations with Hilbert’s ones, have been proposed, but no (...) consensus has been reached. In this paper I approach this question afresh and thoroughly, taking into consideration not only the relevant texts and context, as others have also done before, but, more importantly, Husserl’s philosophy, his intuition-based epistemology in particular. Based on a system of clearly defined concepts that I here present, I reinforce an interpretation—definiteness as a form of syntactic completeness—that has, I believe, some advantages vis-à-vis alternative interpretations. It is in conformity with the available texts; it makes clear that Husserl’s notion of definiteness is indeed close to Hilbert’s notions of completeness; it solves the important problem of imaginaries for which it was created; and last, but not least, it fits naturally into Husserl’s system of concepts and ideas. (shrink)

In this paper will show the terms in that is presented the Reinvention of Social Emancipation in the critical platform of the Portuguese author Boaventura de Sousa Santos.

The purpose of this work is to analyze the concept of «critical interculturality» and to explore the way in which an appropriate ethics could be defined. To this end, I will raise the problem of cultural diversity and make a brief tour of some of the socio-political forms with which it has been managed in the last half century, mainly in egalitarian liberalism. Against this distinctly Anglo-American perspective, I will oppose a geographically and/ or epistemically situated approach in the Americas. (...) Along the path, I will underline the notions that could backbone a critical intercultural ethics, among which I will highlight, within the framework of an intercultural philosophy, dialogue and cultural recognition. (shrink)