En este artículo se recorren las principales tendencias que la teología ha desarrollado en la reflexión sobre Dios. Sobre todo se presta atención a la crítica de Heidegger a la ontoteología, la cuestión del mal, de la relación con la ciencia, el encuentro con las otras religiones y el desarrollo de la teología trinitaria. El recorrido deja ver las líneas de fuerza y también se plantean algunas cuestiones críticas. This article shows the main tendencies theology has developed about God, paying (...) special attention to Heidegger’s criticism on ontotheology, problem of evil, relation with science, meeting with other religions and development of Trinitarian theology. Strong lines can be seen in this review and critical questions are asked. (shrink)

En este artículo se recorren las principales tendencias que la teología ha desarrollado en la reflexión sobre Dios. Sobre todo se presta atención a la crítica de Heidegger a la ontoteología, la cuestión del mal, de la relación con la ciencia, el encuentro con las otras religiones y el desarrollo de la teología trinitaria. El recorrido deja ver las líneas de fuerza y también se plantean algunas cuestiones críticas. This article shows the main tendencies theology has developed about God, paying (...) special attention to Heidegger’s criticism on ontotheology, problem of evil, relation with science, meeting with other religions and development of Trinitarian theology. Strong lines can be seen in this review and critical questions are asked. (shrink)

En este trabajo se recorre las relaciones entre la fe y la razón en la modernidad. Constatando el conflicto inicial el autor recuerda el reconocimiento que la fe y la teología han tenido siempre hacia la razón, pero también apunta a las dificultades que tenía la reflexión teológica para hacerse entender por el pensamiento ilustrado. La crisis actual del pensamiento ilustrado, que es sobre todo una crisis moral, apunta a unas nuevas relaciones entre fe y razón. Así lo apunta el (...) papa actual y algunos pensadores contemporáneos como Habermas. En una segunda parte del trabajo se presentan a la fe y a la razón como dos dimensiones de la persona humana, que se implican mutuamente, y están llamadas a cooperar en la elaboración de un nuevo humanismo. (shrink)

La publicación de Filosofía de la aritmética (1891) trajo consigo un notable avance en las investigaciones fenomenológicas de E. Husserl, a la vez que se abrió paso entre las indagaciones ya existentes sobre la fundamentación de las matemáticas. Fue precisamente dentro de esta constelación de publicaciones donde se originó una de las polémicas filosóficas más interesantes de las postrimerías del siglo XIX: la recensión de Filosofía de la aritmética hecha por Frege en 1894. Lo que ofreceré en este texto son (...) algunas claves de interpretación que permitirán hacer una revisión juiciosa de aquellos aspectos filosóficos no vistos por Frege en su crítica. Todo ello a través del intercambio epistolar entre ambos, de la exposición de la reseña de 1894 y de las recensiones de Filosofía de la aritmética que han permanecido desconocidas hasta ahora. PALABRAS CLAVE: Filosofía de la aritmética, Fenomenología, Filosofía analítica, Husserl, Frege. (shrink)

O artigo apresenta uma comparação histórica mas principalmente conceitual de duas visões (bastante) diferentes da intencionalidade: uma introduzida por Franz Brentano e baseada em uma perspectiva descritiva-psicológica da vida mental, e outra conduzida por Roderick Chisholm e regida por um ponto de vista lógico-linguístico. Apesar das contínuas referências de Chisholm a Brentano, afirmarei que o primeiro rompe conceitualmente com o segundo, pois ele introduz várias ferramentas conceituais (claramente não-brentanianas) principalmente emprestadas da filosofia de Bertrand Russell, que exerceram uma influência decisiva (...) em algumas decisões teóricas tomadas por Chisholm. Este é o caso, por exemplo, do uso do conceito (russeliano) de atitudes proposicionais para a compreensão da intencionalidade. Argumentarei que esta interpretação se baseia em um forte compromisso lógico-linguístico, que não é apenas uma estratégia metodológica, mas também se baseia em um ponto de vista filosófico totalmente diferente daquele inaugurado por Brentano. (shrink)

Foundational ontologies, central constructs in ontological investigations and engineering alike, are based on ontological categories. Firstly proposed by Aristotle as the very ur- elements from which the whole of reality can be derived, they are not easy to identify, let alone partition and/or hierarchize; in particular, the question of their number poses serious challenges. The late medieval philosopher Dietrich of Freiberg wrote around 1286 a tutorial that can help us today with this exceedingly difficult task. In this paper, I discuss (...) ontological categories and their importance for foundational ontologies from both the contemporary perspective and the original Aristotelian viewpoint, I provide the translation from the Latin into English of Dietrich's De origine II with an introductory elaboration, and I extract a foundational ontology–that is in fact a single-category one–from this text rooted in Dietrich's specification of types of subjecthood and his conception of intentionality as causal operation. (shrink)

Ontologies are some of the most central constructs in today's large plethora of knowledge technologies, namely in the context of the semantic web. As their coinage indicates, they are direct heirs to the ontological investigations in the long Western philosophical tradition, but it is not easy to make bridges between them. Contemporary ontological commitments often take causality as a central aspect for the ur-segregation of entities, especially in scientific upper ontologies; theories of causality and philosophical ontological investigations often go hand-in-hand, (...) and were essentially inseparable in medieval thought. This constitutes the foundation for a bridge, and this article analyzes the causality-based ontology of the late medieval philosopher Dietrich of Freiberg from the viewpoint of today's upper-ontology engineering. In this bridging attempt, it offers a translation into English of the first part of Dietrich's De origine (abbreviated title) that is a compromise between traditional scholarly translations of medieval Latin philosophical texts and contemporary ontology. (shrink)

The van Wijngaarden grammars are two-level grammars that present many interesting properties. In the present article I elaborate on six of these properties, to wit, (i) their being constituted by two grammars, (ii) their ability to generate (possibly infinitely many) strict languages and their own metalanguage, (iii) their context-sensitivity, (iv) their high descriptive power, (v) their productivity, or the ability to generate an infinite number of production rules, and (vi) their equivalence with the unrestricted, or Type-0, Chomsky grammars.

Sustainable development is often framed as a social issue to which corporations should pay attention because it offers both opportunities and challenges. Through the use of institutional theory and the resource-based view of the firm, we shed some light on why, more than 20 years after sustainable development was first introduced, we see neither the adoption of this business model as dominant nor its converse, that is the total abandonment of the model as unworkable and unprofitable. We focus on multinational (...) corporations (MNCs) because they were among the organizations first called to take action. In order to illustrate the institutional pressures MNCs face and their strategic response to these pressures, we analysed four major oil and gas multinationals subject to similar sustainable development pressures – climate change, biodiversity, renewable energy development and social investment. We argue that normative and coercive isomorphism does not occur at the global level because sustainable development is largely a stakeholder-driven rather than a broad social pressure. That is, host country interpretation of sustainable development pressures varies across an MNC’s subsidiary network. Based on the analysis of the four major MNCs’ annual reports from 2000 to 2005, we argue that mimetic isomorphism may occur, but since it implies the use of complex and intangible resources, mimetic processes are slow, rare and discretionary. (shrink)

The tendency to idealise artificial intelligence as independent from human manipulators, combined with the growing ontological entanglement of humans and digital machines, has created an “anthrobotic” horizon, in which data analytics, statistics and probabilities throw our agential power into question. How can we avoid the consequences of a reified definition of intelligence as universal operation becoming imposed upon our destinies? It is here argued that the fantasised autonomy of automated intelligence presents a contradistinctive opportunity for philosophical consciousness to understand itself (...) anew as holistic and co-creative, beyond the recent “analytic” moment of the history of philosophy. Here we introduce the concept of “crealectic intelligence”, a meta-analytic and meta-dialectic aspect of consciousness. Intelligent behaviour may consist in distinguishing discrete familiar parts or reproducible functions in the midst of noise via an analytic process of segmentation; intelligence may also manifest itself in the constitution of larger wholes and dynamic unities through a dialectic process of association or assemblage. But, by contrast, crealectic intelligence co-creates realities in the image of an ideal or truth, taking into account the desiring agent imbued with a sense of possibility, in a relationship not only with the Real but also with the creative sublime or “Creal”. (shrink)

3rd ed, 2021. A circumscription of the classical theory of computation building up from the Chomsky hierarchy. With the usual topics in formal language and automata theory.

For millennia, knowledge has eluded a precise definition. The industrialization of knowledge (IoK) and the associated proliferation of the so-called knowledge communities in the last few decades caused this state of affairs to deteriorate, namely by creating a trio composed of data, knowledge, and information (DIK) that is not unlike the aporia of the trinity in philosophy. This calls for a general theory of knowledge (ToK) that can work as a foundation for a science of knowledge (SoK) and additionally distinguishes (...) knowledge from both data and information. In this paper, I attempt to sketch this generality via the establishing of both knowledge structures and knowledge systems that can then be adopted/adapted by the diverse communities for the respective knowledge technologies and practices. This is achieved by means of a formal–indeed, mathematical–approach to epistemological matters a.k.a. formal epistemology. The corresponding application focus is on knowledge systems implementable as computer programs. (shrink)