RESUMO O presente artigoapresenta reflexões sobre o conceito de “imprevisibilidade” advindas a partir do exercício de tradução para a língua portuguesa da obra Os mecanismos culturais imprevisíveis1, último livro publicado por Iuri Lótman. Mais do que uma explicação completa e definitiva das acepções sobre os trabalhos imprevisíveis da cultura, esboçamos nestes escritos fundamentos de interesse para a constituição de processos semiósicos de nossas particulares preocupações. Dessa forma, apresentam-se para as análises relações imprevisíveis em processos relacionados à ciência e à tecnologia, (...) à arte e à figura do estrangeiro.ABSTRACT This article reflects upon for the concept of unpredictability based on the translation into Portuguese of The Unpredictable Workings of Culture, Yuri Lotman’s last published book. More than a complete and definitive explanation of the meanings of the unpredictable works of culture, this article outlines the fundamentals that interest the constitution of semiosic processes that concerns us. Thus, unpredictable relationships in processes related to science and technology, art and the foreign figure are presented for the analysis. (shrink)

PHILOSOPHY BEGINS IN WONDER--so says Socrates in the Theaetetus-- but where does it end? The Theaetetus itself ends in such a puzzling way as to be the cause of apparently interminable dispute. Although its theme is the nature of knowledge, neither Socrates nor his interlocutors ever present a definition that gains unanimous approval. The definitions of knowledge as perception, as true opinion and as true opinion with an account are all rejected. This fact has understandably inclined most interpreters to maintain (...) that the dialogue fails to reach its explicit goal. Nevertheless, Socrates' attitude about the apparent failure of his conversation with Theaetetus is markedly distinct from his express attitude in those early dialogues with which the Theaetetus is often compared. Whereas early dialogues conclude with self-deprecation and exhortation to continue the quest, the Theaetetus concludes in satisfaction, indifferent to the possibility of further study. As midwife Socrates has successfully delivered Theaetetus of his phantom offspring; beyond that he can do no more. Thus the apparently negative conclusions of the dialogue are at least not negatively intoned, and readers can barely avoid the suspicion of having missed something. One response is to argue that an authorized definition of knowledge can be found by a careful reexamination of the very arguments Socrates rejects. But the fact that our suspicion is aroused by a dramatic consideration commends a search for resolution through the drama, however that might happen to bear on the problem of knowledge. (shrink)

The latest academic discussion has focused on the potential and risks associated with technological systems. In this perspective, defining a set of legal rules could be the priority but this action appears extremely difficult at the European level and, therefore, in the last years, a set of ethical principles contained in many different documents has been published. The need to develop trustworthy and human-centric AI technologies is accomplished by creating these two types of rule sets: legal and ethical. The paper (...) aims to critically analyse and compare these rule sets in order to understand their possible relationships in the regulation of legal problems, not only theoretically but also, where present, in some practical applications of AI, such as self-driving cars, smart toys, smart contracts and legal design. Indeed, the purpose is to identify how legal rules and ethical principles can interact for adequate regulation of AI, with particular regard to the fields of application that will be analysed. (shrink)

New Visions of the Zhuangzi is a collection of thirteen essays on the ancient Daoist philosophical work, presenting new angles and approaches. It overcomes the traditional division of schools in favor of topics, sheds new light on key philosophical notions, examines Zhuangzi's use of language, and explores issues of his use of language. In addition, it also applies modern neuroscience to its instructions, explores its vision of the ideal mind, and connects Zhuangzi's teachings to issues of education and community relevant (...) in contemporary society. (shrink)

Drawing on the status characteristic theory, we investigate the effect of gender on board directors’ status ranking and find that all else being equal, female directors’ status ranking is 81.48% of one position lower than that of male directors, a discrepancy that is attributable to gender. We theorize on the mechanism that determines the ways in which the status value of gender on a board affects board interactions, and we predict how this mechanism influences firm outcomes, including excessive managerial spending, (...) social responsibility performance, and firm risk. We test our hypotheses in Chinese firms using an unbalanced panel that includes 5396 firm-year observations for a period of 6 years and find them supported. (shrink)

I argue for the role of trust and cooperation as part of the foundation of digital commerce by expanding the reach of the Integrative Social Contract Theory of Donaldson and Dunfee. I propose that a digital business community can be a community in the morally relevant ways that Donaldson and Dunfee describe, and that the basic framework of ISCT can apply to the digital business world similarly to its application in the offline business world. I then analyze the roles of (...) trust and cooperation in e-commerce, showing how they are important to the digital business community and explaining their moral relevance under a digital form of ISCT. I use the ISCT framework to show that trust and cooperation are an instantiation of the hypernorm of necessary social efficiency, and that authentic microsocial norms developed for the ends of trust and cooperation carry moral responsibility. (shrink)

Neste artigo, investigamos práticas de citação de literatura científica na escrita reflexiva do gênero relatório de estágio supervisionado, produzido por professores em formação, em disciplinas de estágio obrigatório em Ensino de Língua Inglesa numa Licenciatura em Letras. Analisaremos, especificamente, como esses professores se representam a partir de citações de literatura científica, e caracterizaremos algumas funções exercidas pelas citações na escrita reflexiva emergente na esfera acadêmica. Utilizamos a abordagem dialógica da linguagem dos estudos bakhtinianos como referencial teórico de base, além de (...) aportes teórico-metodológicos acerca de tipos de sequência e de discurso propostos por Adam e Bronckart. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que a prática de citação da literatura científica é uma invocação de autoridade com função de erudição, amplificação e ornamentação do discurso produzido, podendo orientar a ação pedagógica desenvolvida pelo professor em formação no estágio supervisionado.In this paper we investigate citation practices of scientific literature in reflexive writing from the genre of supervised pre-service training report produced by pre-service teachers enrolled in the mandatory pre-service training subject of English Language Teaching, at an undergraduate language teaching course. The aim of this research is to analyze how these pre-services teacher represent themselves based on citation practices of scientific literature, and characterize some of the functions deployed by the citations in the reflexive writing emerging in the academic sphere. We use the dialogic approach to language from Bakhtinian studies as a theoretical base, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions regarding types of sequences and of discourse proposed by Adam and Bronckart. The results of this research show that the practice of citation of scientific literature is an invocation of authority as a form of erudition, amplification and ornamentation of the discourse produced. This practice can also guide pedagogical action developed by pre-service teachers in their supervised training. (shrink)

This paper presents some reflections about an approach in work psychology: the Activity Clinic. After a brief introduction to the conceptual background of the “Activity Clinic”, it covers three deeply interconnected themes. The first concerns the meaning attributed to the development of the affects present in the work situation under analysis; the second discusses the reasons for the conflicts that are ultimately due to these affects; the third considers how a method of co-analysis of the activity can lead towards transformation (...) of those conflicts. Our reflections refer to the process engendered by this methodological approach as one of “transferential activity”. The paper explains this process by empirically describing the “transport” of affects involved in the conflicts. The personal interpretation of the cause of problems gives way to the understanding that they are due to organizational dysfunction rather than to individual personalities. Measures can then be taken to break the deadlocks experienced both at the personal and collective level. (shrink)

This is a second major text on ancient Daoism, one with multiple aspects and dimensions.

Is there a compensation gap between female CEOs and male CEOs? If so, are there mechanisms to mitigate the compensation gap? Extending role congruity theory, we argue that the perception mismatch between the female gender role and the leadership role may lead to lower compensation to female CEOs, resulting in a gender compensation gap. Nevertheless, the compensation gap may be narrowed if female CEOs display agentic traits through risk-taking, or alternatively, work in female-dominated industries where communal traits are valued. Additionally, (...) we expect that female CEOs’ risk-taking is less effective in reducing the gender compensation gap in female-dominated industries due to the conflicting emphases on agentic and communal traits. Leveraging a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms, we find support for our hypotheses. Overall, this study contributes to the ethics literature on income inequality issues, by highlighting the effectiveness of potential mechanisms to close the gender compensation gap between female and male CEOs. (shrink)

Ethical considerations arise when individuals who were contracted and paid to conduct a research study and write it up for publication, are denied authorship on a scholarly publication on the grounds that their work was contracted and paid for. Each of the various stakeholders should be considered. Researchers need to make sure that the contract recognizes their intellectual contribution and their right to be named as authors if and when the contracted study is published. If authorship disputes of published works (...) arise, journal editors should have mechanisms in place for addressing such disputes. They should be able to see the contract and have all disputing parties agree to any changes in authorship. If the dispute cannot be resolved, the manuscript should be retracted. Contractors should develop a publication plan and include in the contract stipulations ensuring transparent and unambiguous authorship on any publication ensuing from contracted work. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the Committee for Publication Ethics should update their guidance for authors to include advice regarding researchers involved in contracted work and how to resolve an authorship disputes around it. (shrink)

Despite the widely known Latin proverb, according to which about tastes it should not be discussed, concerning judgments of taste, we do dispute. However, based on what? If someone disagrees with our judgment, judging differently than us, we seek arguments to try to convince them otherwise. But by which arguments? The paper dwells on the issues about what underlies the arguments we use to justify our judgments of taste and how reliable these arguments are. From eighteenth-century philosophy to contemporary philosophy (...) of consciousness and mind, the aim here is to show that judgments of taste involve self-knowledge and that the question “how does it feel?”, at first glance simple, does not seem to be so easy to answer. (shrink)

A amizade é concebida neste estudo como tendo um sentido político, pois uma condição necessária do exercício político é aquela de considerar a opinião do outro. Em seu sentido político, a amizade favorece o questionamento de pontos de vista fixos e a irrupção de ações inovadoras. A experimentação política da amizade constitui uma relação agonística, de abertura ao outro na qual os corpos estão dispostos a afetar e serem afetados, implicados em contribuir com o aumento da capacidade de reflexão e (...) ação do amigo. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a experimentação política da amizade a partir da teoria dos afetos de Baruch Espinosa: o corpo é essencialmente relacional e é na relação com seus outros, na maneira como afeta e é afetado por elesque se dá a condição de possibilidade da resistência à tristeza e afirmação da alegria – compreendida como aumento da potência de pensar e agir. (shrink)

Este artigo analisa a questão da enunciação literária em alguns dos escritos teóricos de Rousseau, em particular a Carta a D’Alembert, Do contrato social e o Ensaio sobre a origem das línguas, além do prefácio da Nova Heloísa. Neles, atenta-se ao modo como a literatura está intimamente relacionada à problemática da voz e do ordenamento das enunciações e dos corpos no pensamento político do autor, configurando assim uma política / polícia da literatura, conforme a distinção feita por Jacques Rancière.

El objetivo de este texto es proponer una reflexión sobre las teorías sobre la cultura o de la literatura originaria en los diferentes países del Caribe y su presencia en los estudios literarios y culturales del continente. Dibujado con amplias pinceladas, tiene el objetivo de poner en claro el ensayo titulado La isla que se repite (1998) del cubano Antonio Benítez Rojo y, a partir de su lectura, nos aproximamos de la canción Haití, de Caetano Veloso y Gilberto Gil, grabada (...) originalmente en el CD Tropicalia II, de 1993.Los planteos de Benítez Rojo traen elementos que se encuentran en la base de nuestra cultura, marcada por la presencia de los negros y de su cultura por toda América. De cada área y de cada región brotó un tipo de música y ritmo que tiene como rasgo común constituirse en una voz contra la tiranía. El negro spiritual, entonado en las iglesias de América del norte, el jazz, el blues, el samba, el son, el tango, la rumba, la salsa, el merengue, la cumbia, prácticamente todas las expresiones musicales de América, están relacionadas con la música y el ritmo producido por los negros desde que, por primera vez, pusieron los pies en nuestro continente. (shrink)

Returning to the famous prologue to the book Difference and Repetition, in which Gilles Deleuze points out that the time is approaching when it would not be possible to write a philosophy book as before, we will try to think about the deleuzian evocation of the need to adopt a new tone and new rules for the exercise philosophical. We believe that resuming this philosopher's appeal would launch us into the heart of deleuzian and deleuze-guattarian conception of philosophy as experimentation. (...) The author suggesting that a philosophical treatise should sound as much like a kind of detective novel as it does like science fiction. This excursion, we argue, would not only help us in the deleuzian and deleuzo-guattarian understanding of philosophy as experimentation, but would also make it possible to outline some clues about the role of the history of philosophy at the heart of this conception. (shrink)

Esta pesquisa visa contribuir com a análise da trajetória e das tendências das pesquisas desenvolvidas na região Nordeste, apresentando como objetivos: identificar as produções dos docentes/pesquisadores que atuam na região Nordeste do Brasil, com ênfase no Estado da Paraíba; identificar as tendências temáticas e teórico-metodológicas; identificar as contribuições dessa produção na formação profissional e na consolidação da pesquisa nas instituições formadoras da região.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a childhood prevalence of 5%. In about two-thirds of the cases, ADHD symptoms persist into adulthood and often cause significant functional impairment. Based on the results of family and twin studies, the estimated heritability of ADHD approximates 80%, suggests a significant genetic component in the etiological background of the disorder; however, the potential genetic effects on disease risk, symptom severity, and persistence are unclear. This article provides a brief review of the genome-wide and (...) candidate gene association studies with a focus on the clinical aspects, summarizing findings of ADHD disease risk, ADHD core symptoms as dimensional traits, and other traits frequently associated with ADHD, which may contribute to the susceptibility to other comorbid psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, neuropsychological impairment and measures from neuroimaging and electrophysiological paradigms, emerging as potential biomarkers, also provide a prominent target for molecular genetic studies, since they lie in the pathway from genes to behavior; therefore, they can contribute to the understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms and the interindividual heterogeneity of clinical symptoms. Beyond the aforementioned aspects, throughout the review, we also give a brief summary of the genetic results, including polygenic risk scores that can potentially predict individual response to different treatment options and may offer a possibility for personalized treatment for the therapy of ADHD in the future. (shrink)

Ljudski se mozak polako otvara znanstvenoj spoznaji. Novi uvidi u način rada ovog vrhunski sofisticiranog ljudskog/digitalnog »stroja« bacaju povratno svjetlo na načine »aktiviranja « ljudske osjetilnosti, načine doživljavanja i spoznavanja svijeta.Cilj je ovog rada istražiti moguću povezanost tehničkih naprava kao ljudskih ekstenzija i procesa u mozgu koji povratno određuju načine percepcije svijeta. Istovremeno riječ je o promišljanju zanimljive i u znanosti prisutne teze o podijeljenosti hemisfera ljudskoga mozga kao oblika podijeljenosti temeljnih ljudskih sposobnosti.U tom kontekstu želimo propitati bioetičku dimenziju McLuhanovog (...) razmišljanja o paraleli podijeljenosti hemisfera ljudskoga mozga i hemisfera civilizacija nastanjenih na istočnoj odnosno zapadnoj strani zemaljske kugle.Područja istraživanja su dakle sljedeća: tehnologije kao ekstenzije i ljudski mozak; lijeva i desna hemisfera mozga; tehnologije, kultura, mozak; ekstenzije jezika i pisma u predjezičkom i predpismenom; »digitalno« ustrojstvo mozga; mozak kao krajnji korektiv tehnocivilizacijskih zabluda.Postoje poveznice između neurolingvističkih, teoloških, filozofijskih i biologijskih stavova o mozgu. Tragajući za svojim odgovorima o izvorima jezika, o determiniranosti ljudskoga mišljenja, o odnosu potencijalnoga i realiziranoga, o sukobima u čovjeku između utilitarnog i empatije… u konačnici promišljanje želi odgovoriti na pitanje regulativnog karaktera ljudskog mozga u uspostavljanju balansa moći kako pojedinih ljudi tako i civilizacija.Science is slowly revealing secrets of the human brain. Latest discoveries on the functioning of this digital, highly sophisticated human “device” reflect the ways how sensations, experience and understanding of the world are “activated”.The aim of this study is to investigate the eventual link between technical devices as human extensions and brain processes that in return determine the ways of the perception of the world. At the same time it is a reflection on interesting thesis which exists in the science on the split of the human brain hemispheres as a form of a division between basic human abilities.In this context we want to investigate the bioethical dimension of McLuhan’s thought on the parallel between two hemispheres of the human brain and civilisations which exists on Eastern and Western hemisphere of our planet.The areas of investigation are the following: technologies as extensions and human brain; left and right hemisphere of the brain; technologies, culture, brain; extensions of spoken and written language in pre-linguistic and pre-literacy; “digital” configuration of the brain; brain as the final corrective of the techno-civilisations delusions.There are links between neurolinguistical, theological, philosophical and biological standpoints on human brain. Research into the origins of language, determination of human thoughts, relation between potential and realised, the internal conflict between utilitarian and human empathy… at the end the contemplation tries to answer the question on the regulatory nature of the human brain in establishing the balance of power of both individuals and civilizations. (shrink)

We propose a liminality-based analysis of the process of ethical leadership/followership in organizations. A liminal view presents ethical leadership as a process taking place in organizational contexts that are often characterized by high levels of ambiguity, which render the usual rules and preferences dubious or inadequate. In these relational spaces, involving leaders, followers, and their context, old frames may be questioned and new ones introduced in an emergent way, through subtle processes whose evolution and implications may not be easy to (...) grasp even by those participating in them. (shrink)

Did Chinese mysticism vanish after its first appearance in ancient Taoist philosophy, to surface only after a thousand years had passed, when the Chinese had adapted Buddhism to their own culture? This first integrated survey of the mystical dimension of Taoism disputes the commonly accepted idea of such a hiatus. Covering the period from the Daode jing to the end of the Tang, Livia Kohn reveals an often misunderstood Chinese mystical tradition that continued through the ages. Influenced by but (...) ultimately independent of Buddhism, it took forms more various than the quietistic withdrawal of Laozi or the sudden enlightenment of the Chan Buddhists. On the basis of a new theoretical evaluation of mysticism, this study analyzes the relationship between philosophical and religious Taoism and between Buddhism and the native Chinese tradition. Kohn shows how the quietistic and socially oriented Daode jing was combined with the ecstatic and individualistic mysticism of the Zhuangzi, with immortality beliefs and practices, and with Buddhist insight meditation, mind analysis, and doctrines of karma and retribution. She goes on to demonstrate that Chinese mysticism, a complex synthesis by the late Six Dynasties, reached its zenith in the Tang, laying the foundations for later developments in the Song traditions of Inner Alchemy, Chan Buddhism, and Neo-Confucianism. (shrink)

_Care of the Self: Ancient Problematizations of Life and Contemporary Thought_, by Lívia Flachbartová, Pavol Sucharek, and Vladislav Suvák, focus on different manifestations of “taking care of the self” present in ancient and contemporary thought.

Este artigo evidencia algumas breves fotografias de uma dissertação de mestrado realizada entre 2020 e 2022 na Universidade Federal de São Paulo. A pesquisa objetivou buscar traços da produção de significado de alunos de um curso de licenciatura em matemática em relação às questões de gênero e apresentar uma leitura plausível dos documentos oficiais desta mesma licenciatura de uma instituição pública do estado de São Paulo. Para a produção de dados realizamos conversas com dois alunos e uma aluna da respectiva (...) licenciatura e, também, desenvolvemos uma análise documental deste curso através da grade de disciplinas, ementas e projeto político pedagógico. Para este artigo apresentaremos uma síntese da discussão teórica entre gênero, educação matemática e formação de professores; um pequeno recorte das conversas que realizamos com os três estudantes e algumas conclusões; a leitura dessas conversas foi realizada por meio do Modelo dos Campos Semânticos e este trecho será apresentado no formato de narrativas, assim como consta na pesquisa original. (shrink)

The paper examines the relationship between ancient Cynicism and his modern counterpart – cynicism. Ancient Cynicism is a strictly ethical way of life, while modern cynicism despises all ethical values. Ancient Cynicism is said to be a „shortest way to virtue“ and characterized by its commitment to a life in agreement with nature, radical freedom, self-sufficiency and by the absence of philosophical theory in favour of practical, lived philosophy. Modern cynicism is a result of a long lasting history of interpreting (...) and misunderstanding of ancient Cynicism . However, cynicism is the consequence of „the unfulfilled promises“ of Enlightenment. It is a reason which turned against reason itself. The paper offers a brief history of the reception of Cynicism on its way toward the modern cynicism. (shrink)

Resumo : O presente artigo objetiva investigar o tema cultura da paz no contexto das novas tecnologias. Não obstante os meios de comunicação exponham as diversas faces da violência, o fato é que se está vivendo, em todos os cantos do mundo, um período de muito interesse, criatividade e empenho na luta pela paz. Para explicitar isso, o texto buscará articular quatro pontos: 1) estabelecer a questão fundamental da educação e da cultura da paz , discernindo seu objetivo e escopo (...) fundamental; 2) delinear a habilidade fundamental a ser desenvolvida no processo de educação para a paz, a formação da competência comunicativa; 3) descrever as características fundamentais da metodologia da educação para a paz: a formação de comunidade, o espaço do debate e a ação para a paz; 4) relacionar, finalmente, esses aspectos da educação para a paz com as novas tecnologias. Palavras-chave : Educação. Paz. Tecnologias. Justiça. Direitos humanos.: The present paper aims to research into the theme of the culture of peace in the context of the new technologies. Although the means of communication expose the several faces of violence, the fact is that we are living everywhere in the world a period of great interest, creativity and commitment to the struggle for peace. In order to demonstrate this the text will try to articulate four points: 1) to establish the fundamental question of education and the culture of peace distinguishing its objective and fundamental scope; 2) to delineate the fundamental ability to be developed in the process of education for peace, the formation of communicative competence; 3) to describe the fundamental charac-teristics of the methodology of education for peace: the formation of community, the place of the debate and the action for peace; 4) finally, to link these aspects of education for peace to the new technologies. Keywords : Education. Peace. Technologies. Justice. Human rights. (shrink)

O artigo apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa em rede, dados do estado da Paraíba, a qual procurou rastrear a produção do conhecimento dos mestres e doutores que atuam nos cursos de educação física nesse estado e as condições para a sua realização. Para tanto, foi preciso resgatar o processo histórico e articular os elementos epistemológicos e políticos que sustentam os programas da pós-graduação no Brasil, com o objetivo de revelar as instituições do estado da Paraíba que oferecem o curso (...) de Educação Física, seu nome, siglas; o total de docentes que atuam nas instituições, suas titulações; a localização e caracterização das produções oriundas das regiões do Brasil e do exterior. (shrink)