Kripke-style models with two accessibility relations, one intuitionistic and the other modal, are given for analogues of the modal systemK based on Heyting's prepositional logic. It is shown that these two relations can combine with each other in various ways. Soundness and completeness are proved for systems with only the necessity operator, or only the possibility operator, or both. Embeddings in modal systems with several modal operators, based on classical propositional logic, are also considered. This paper lays the ground for (...) an investigation of intuitionistic analogues of systems stronger thanK. A brief survey is given of the existing literature on intuitionistic modal logic. (shrink)

Many tasks in statistical and causal inference can be construed as problems of entailment in a suitable formal language. We ask whether those problems are more difficult, from a computational perspective, for causal probabilistic languages than for pure probabilistic (or “associational”) languages. Despite several senses in which causal reasoning is indeed more complex—both expressively and inferentially—we show that causal entailment (or satisfiability) problems can be systematically and robustly reduced to purely probabilistic problems. Thus there is no jump in computational complexity. (...) Along the way we answer several open problems concerning the complexity of well-known probability logics, in particular demonstrating the ${\exists \mathbb {R}}$ -completeness of a polynomial probability calculus, as well as a seemingly much simpler system, the logic of comparative conditional probability. (shrink)

Quantification is particularly seductive in times of global uncertainty. Not surprisingly, numbers, indicators, categorizations, and comparisons are central to governmental and popular response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This essay draws insights from critical data studies, sociology of quantification and decolonial thinking, with occasional excursion into the biomedical domain, to investigate the role and social consequences of counting broadly defined as a way of knowing about the virus. It takes a critical look at two domains of human activity that play a (...) central role in the fight against the virus outbreak, namely medical sciences and technological innovation. It analyzes their efforts to craft solutions for their user base and explores the unwanted social costs of these operations. The essay argues that the over-reliance of biomedical research on “whiteness” for lab testing and the techno-solutionism of the consumer infrastructure devised to curb the social costs of the pandemic are rooted in a distorted idea of a “standard human” based on a partial and exclusive vision of society and its components, which tends to overlook alterity and inequality. It contends that to design our way out of the pandemic, we ought to make space for distinct ways of being and knowing, acknowledging plurality and thinking in terms of social relations, alterity, and interdependence. (shrink)

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Nesse artigo procuro mostrar que a reconstrução habermasiana da gênese lógica do sistema de direitos é uma tentativa de explicitar o significado da práxis constituinte, reduzindo-a a dois elementos, o princípio do discurso e o conceito de forma jurídica. O princípio do discurso pode ser objeto de uma reconstrução interna, pela qual os participantes da práxis deliberativa podem reconhecê-lo como imanente a essa práxis. Isso porque o princípio do discurso se assenta nos pressupostos (...) da socialização lingüística em geral. O mesmo não se passa com a forma jurídica, que não pode ser derivada das condições comunicativas da linguagem e precisa de uma reconstrução de outro tipo, própria de uma teoria da evolução social. (shrink)

Recent discussion of the alleged adverse consequences of space colonization by Phil Torres in this journal is critically assessed. While the concern for suffering risks should be part of any strategic discussion of the cosmic future of humanity, the Hobbesian picture painted by Torres is largely flawed and unpersuasive. Instead, there is a very real risk that the skeptical arguments will be taken too seriously and future human flourishing in space delayed or prevented.

The thesis analyzes the position of Albanian women in the first decade of socialist rule in Montenegro, during which women became full members of society. The efforts of the communist authorities t...

As a philosopher, legal ethicist, and expert in international criminal law, David Luban was uniquely positioned to challenge the morality and legality of the Bush administration's coercive interrog...

A partir del análisis del ambientalismo desde las perspectivas que brindan diferentes discursos sobre desarrollo sostenible, los autores argumentan que, en un nivel de aplicación local, en comunidades y proyectos específicos, se pueden generar nichos de sostenibilidad, pese a que reconocen la extrema dificultad de este desafío; comparan viejas y nuevas propuestas para alcanzar la sostenibilidad, tales como: el desarrollo sostenible, el capitalismo natural, el decrecimiento sostenible o el ecologismo de los pobres. Por último, presentan dos casos con particularidades diferentes, (...) en los que comunidades pobres se resisten a la Raubwirtschaft o economía industrial de rapiña dominante, al buscar la construcción de nichos de sostenibilidad desde una perspectiva local y de comunalidad, mediante el ordenamiento comunitario territorial, la gobernanza democrática y la planeación participativa. (shrink)

O artigo pretende desdobrar o conceito honnethiano de liberdade social e, em especial, seu vínculo com a ideia de democracia como forma de vida, tendo com objetivo sublinhar seus potenciais críticos para a compreensão dos conflitos sociais, mas também seus obstáculos e encurtamentos de perspectiva. Defende-se que as duas noções – liberdade social e democracia como forma de vida – configuram interesses substantivos para a compreensão das lutas e dos conflitos sociais, articulando-a segundo as três dimensões da liberdade social e (...) sua unidade na democracia como forma de vida. Porém, na medida em que Honneth entende forma de vida democrática em um sentido organicista, como se destaca em seu projeto de renovar o socialismo, esse mesmo potencial para a compreensão dos conflitos sofre um encurtamento, em favor da ideia de uma harmonia funcional como horizonte da realização da liberdade social. (shrink)

The aim of this study was to empirically investigate differences in role expectations, among the stakeholders involved, about the devolved personnel management role of front-line managers. In particular, we researched the role expectation differences between FLMs, their middle managers, and Human Resource practitioners. In total, nineteen semi-structured interviews have been conducted involving eleven FLMs, eight middle managers, and two HR practitioners working at the same Dutch hospital. Most discovered role expectation differences were related to how FLMs should execute their HR (...) tasks. FLMs were often uncertain if their role enactment met those of their middle managers and/or HR practitioners, herewith indicating role stress. Our findings underline the importance of paying attention to role expectations’ differences in aligning components of the HRM-performance relationship. Future research could include the role expectations of other important stakeholders, such as: subordinates and top management. The outcomes of this empirical work are translated into four interventions to diminish FLMs’ role stress. (shrink)

This article approaches the paradigm shift of datafication from the perspective of civil society. Looking at how individuals and groups engage with datafication, it complements the notion of “data politics” by exploring what we call the “contentious politics of data”. By contentious politics of data we indicate the bottom-up, transformative initiatives interfering with and/or hijacking dominant processes of datafication, contesting existing power relations or re-appropriating data practices and infrastructure for purposes distinct from the intended. Said contentious politics of data is (...) articulated in an array of practices of data activism taking a critical stance towards datafication. In data activism, data as mediators take a central role, both as part of an action repertoire or as objects of struggle in their own right. Leveraging social movement studies and science and technology studies, this theoretical essay argues that data activism can be mapped along two analytical dimensions: “data as stakes” vs. “data as repertoires”, and “individual practice vs. collective action”. Mapping action repertoires and tactics along these axes allows us to chart the potential emergence of a political data subject at the intersection of these two dimensions. This furthers our understanding of people’s engagement with data in relation to other forms of activism and existing work in social movement studies. It also helps us interpreting potential trajectories of contemporary social movements, as they increasingly interface with data, devices and platforms. (shrink)

The article argues that Honneth’s idea of reconstructive critique represents a type of immanent critique. Starting from the objection raised by Rahel Jaeggi, who considers the reconstructive critique to be a genre of internal criticism devoid of any transformative negativity, it seeks to show, on the contrary, that Honneth’s notion of “surplus of validity” plays a role of transcendence within the historical reality, which could explain his understanding of reconstructive critique as immanent one. In the second part, the paper displays (...) how Honneth applies this conception of critique to solve the division within Critical Theory, induced by Habermas’s use of the idea of rational reconstruction, which would have split off the tasks of founding the normative criteria and discovering immanently elements for the social transformation. In the third part, the category of surplus of validity is investigated in its function of enlightening possibilities of transformation following an “universal-particular dialectic”. In its final part, the paper addresses some conceptual difficulties in Honneth’s attempt to clarify the systematic value and philosophical meaning of the surplus of validity within the framework of normative reconstruction. (shrink)

The main goals of this work are: Ethical and social aspects of policy, contemporary liberal democratic structures, morality in political decision-making, human rights and their individual conceptions, political-philosophical ideas, function of a social-scientific education, selected aspects of security policy, environmental policy, eco-social market economy and religion and law.

Con el repunte de la literatura nacional durante la República Restaurada, Justo Sierra adoptó la pauta romántica y liberal que propugnaba Altamirano en órganos de difusión como El Renacimiento. Luego, con la llegada de Porfirio Díaz al poder, la literatura de Sierra se orientó al positivismo. En este artículo se estudia cómo se produjo el cambio del Sierra "romántico" al Sierra "positivista".

The paper reconsiders the Weber Thesis of a linkage between Calvinism and capitalism. It first restates this sociological Thesis in terms of the Calvinist doctrine of predestination as its theological core and premise in virtue of being treated as the crucial religious factor of the spirit of modern capitalism. Consequently, it proposes that the Weber Thesis’ validity and consistency depends on that doctrine, succeeding or failing as a sociological theory with the latter depending on whether or not it is unique (...) in theological terms, as well as economic-social consequences. For that purpose, it reexamines and compares the Calvinist doctrine of predestination with the pre-Calvinist versions and infers that it is basically identical to or compatible with these. It then draws the implications for the Weber Thesis in respect of the degree of its validity or consistence. It concludes that the Weber Thesis likely is fail as a sociological-economic theory with the Calvinist doctrine of predestination to the extent that the latter is its theological ground and revealed not to be unique and new theologically and probably in terms of its societal effects. (shrink)

Kenneth Kai-chung Yung’s Chinese Émigré Intellectuals and Their Quest for Liberal Values in the Cold War presents the philosophical and political development of Chinese intellectuals who fled the mainland after the Communist takeover in 1949. Focusing on Yin Haiguang 殷海光, Zhang Junmai 張君勱, and Xu Fuguan 徐復觀, the author provides a comparative account and comprehensive overview of the many facets of intellectual discourse among Chinese post-war philosophers and public intellectuals.Yung’s book is structured into five chapters. While the first two chapters (...) introduce the reader to the general trends and historical circumstances of the post-war intellectual sphere, the ensuing chapters... (shrink)

Isabelle Stengers’ cosmopolitical proposal is an influential attempt by a European philosopher to transform the burdensome legacy of Western thought. Reconsidering her comprehensive engagement with the cosmology of the British mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, this article reveals two concepts as foundational to Stengers’ cosmopolitics: civilization and commerce. While not usually associated with a critical political theory, in her development of what we call a commercial political ontology, Stengers explores the modes of inheriting these ostracized notions. By tracing the (...) genealogy of this political ontology back to Pericles’ first explicit defense of persuasion as a requisite for civilization, we argue that Pericles’ famous funeral oration provides the structure for Whitehead’s cosmology, and, ultimately, Stengers’ cosmopolitics. As such, we understand her cosmopolitical proposal as a dress rehearsal of a funeral eulogy for bourgeois society. (shrink)

The Kiki-Bouba effect comprises a relation between two abstract figures and two non-words: the star-shaped figure is called 'Kiki' and the rounded figure 'Bouba'. The effect is explained by a sound-vision synaesthesia: certain sounds are associated with certain shapes in a non-arbitrary manner.When we asked the participants to decide which of the two figures, the star-shaped or the rounded one, to call yin and which yang, some 85% choose the star-shaped figure as yin. There are previous cases of synaesthesia where (...) personality is attributed to numbers or letters. In our results, the word Kiki is overall happy, clever, small, thin, young, unpleasant, and nervous. The starshaped figure is overall clever, tall, small, slim, nervous, unpleasant, and upper-class. That is, the correspondence above all concerns the qualifying adjectives clever, unpleasant, and nervous, as well as the physical appearance small and thin. This brings us to the fat-thin effect. Cinema, literature, comics, and children's programmes are full of contrasting figures: Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, Laurel and Hardy , Asterix and Obelix, Tintin and Captain Haddock, Bert and Ernie , or the Spanish comic about very naughty twin boys called Zipi and Zape . Our main conclusion is that first names and last names are not entirely arbitrary. There is a correspondence between names and physical characteristics and concepts . The Kiki-Bouba effect is a semantic one. (shrink)

Ob množici del grških in rimskih piscev, ki so bila prevedena v slovenski jezik, je Livijeva Zgodovina doslej ostala nekako ob strani. Razen posameznih odlomkov ni bilo prevedenega nič. Količina ohranjenega besedila, avtorjev slog z dolgimi stavčnimi periodami, izbranim besediščem in različnimi retoričnimi prijemi, vse to pred­stavlja za prevajalca gotovo precejšnjo oviro. Z novo knjigo, ki je pred kratkim izšla pri Slovenski matici in prinaša prvih pet Livijevih knjig v prevodu Primoža Simonitija, se sedaj to spreminja. Knjigo je uredil David (...) Movrin, ki je napisal tudi spremno besedo in pripravil obsežen spremni aparat. Prevod zajema nekje sedmino ohranjenega Livijevega dela, ob predvidenem nadaljevanju s skupino prevajalcev si lahko obetamo izid nadaljnjih zvezkov in v doglednem času tudi prevod vsega, kar se je od Livija ohranilo v rokopisnem izročilu. (shrink)

The paper addresses the ‘rational choice only’ reconstruction, characterization, and interpretation of classical and neoclassical economics. It argues that such a reconstruction is inaccurate failing to do justice to the dual theoretical character of classical/neoclassical economics. The paper instead proposes and shows that the latter involves not only elements of ‘rational choice theory’ but also those of an alternative conception. It identifies various and important ideas, observations, and implications of irrational choice and action within classical/neoclassical economics. One class of such (...) ingredients involves forms, expressions, and cases—i.e. specification and classification—of irrational choices in the economy. Another class comprises the social and other factors—i.e. economic sociology or social economics—of irrational choices in the economy. The paper’s intended contribution is to help identify and clarify the extant sources and alternatives of rational choice theory in conventional economics.... (shrink)

O texto busca compreender e avaliar as influências das filosofias políticas de Rousseau e Kant no pensamento habermasiano. Ele se atém sobre tudo à ideia fundamental de Direito e democracia, segundo a qual há uma cooriginariedade lógica entre direitos humanos, interpretados como direitos fundamentais de liberdade individual, e a soberania popular, interpretada como direitos políticos departicipação e comunicação, no processo de formação pública da opinião e vontade. Defende-se que a crítica habermasiana a Rousseau e a Kant se deve ao projeto (...) de radicalização da democracia, para oqual as contribuições dos dois filósofos apresentam ainda alguns obstáculos. Porém, ao mesmo tempo,pode-se dizer que, segundo Habermas, a contribuição de um serve para sanar os problemas presentes na contribuição do outro. (shrink)

O objetivo desse artigo é examinar o sentido da neutralidade do princípio do discursona teoria habermasiana do direito e da democracia. Em relação ao direito e à moral, oprincípio do discurso é neutro, porém contém uma normatividade que se baseia no conteúdodos pressupostos pragmáticos da argumentação em geral. Ao contrário de algumas interpretaçõesque imputam um sentido moral mínimo ao princípio do discurso, pretende-semostrar como a teoria habermasiana pode conferir formas distintas de aplicação a esteprincípio, conforme as questões práticas que surgem (...) na esfera pública política. (shrink)

O artigo pretende discutir o conceito de capitalismo tardio em Habermas tendo em vista a questão sobre seu lugar em Facticidade e validade. Procura-se defender que um dos principais traços do conceito habermasiano de capitalismo, denominado de tese da neutralidade sistêmica, enfraquece-se nessa obra em função da análise da esfera pública como arena de disputa entre diferentes formas de poder. Em primeiro lugar, o artigo pretende delinear o sentido da tese da neutralidade sistêmica a partir de certas contraposições da teoria (...) crítica pós-habermasiana, e em seguida apontar para o seu desenvolvimento com base na distinção de três concepções de capitalismo presentes em Habermas. Por fim, pretende-se sustentar que a neutralidade se revela em Facticidade e validade também como uma construção de processos políticos que pode ser questionada no contexto de uma esfera pública aberta a conflitos. (shrink)

Resumo: O artigo pretende desenvolver a categoria de reconstrução, em dois momentos distintos da obra de Habermas: primeiro, em Conhecimento e interesse, e, depois, em Teoria da ação comunicativa. Para isso, recorre-se à tipologia das compreensões de reconstrução proposta por Robin Celikates. Pretende-se mostrar que a essa tipologia faltam elementos importantes que permitem primeiramente identificar pontos comuns entres aqueles projetos reconstrutivos, e, depois, sustentar que a segunda compreensão de reconstrução não implica, como quer Celikates, uma separação entre teoria e crítica.: (...) This article aims to discuss the category of reconstruction at two different periods in Habermas' work, first in "Knowledge and Interest" and second in The Theory of Communicative Action. To do this, we make use of the typology of the understandings of reconstruction proposed by Robin Celikates. We intend to show that this typology lacks important elements that allow the identification of commonalities in both of Habermas' reconstructive projects, and then argue that the second understanding of reconstruction does not imply, as Celikates claims, a separation between theory and critique. (shrink)

RESUMO O artigo pretende mostrar o sentido da noção de transcendental no interior do método reconstrutivo de Jürgen Habermas. Para isso, ele procura apresentar em primeiro lugar a diferença entre a argumentação transcendental como argumentação anticética e a prova transcendental em Kant e, em seguida, a diferença entre Habermas e Apel sobre a possibilidade de uma fundamentação última da racionalidade comunicativa. Segundo minha interpretação, há razões de ordem lógica para a recusa da fundamentação última em Habermas, mas também razões ligados (...) à historicidade da compreensão da razão. ABSTRACT The article aims to show the meaning of the notion of "transcendental" inside the reconstructive method of Jürgen Habermas. For such, first of all, it attempts to present the difference between the transcendental argumentation as anti-skeptical argumentation and the transcendental proof in Kant and, then, the difference between Habermas and Apel about the possibility of an ultimate foundation of communicative rationality. According to my interpretation, there are reasons of logical order for the refusal of the ultimate foundation in Habermas, but also reasons related to the historicity of understanding of reason. (shrink)

O texto busca compreender e avaliar as influências das filosofias políticas de Rousseau e Kant no pensamento habermasiano. Ele se atém sobretudo à ideia fundamental de Direito e democracia, segundo a qual há uma cooriginariedade lógica entre direitos humanos, interpretados como direitos fundamentais de liberdade individual, e a soberania popular, interpretada como direitos políticos de participação e comunicação, no processo de formação pública da opinião e vontade. Defende-se que a crítica habermasiana a Rousseau e a Kant se deve ao projeto (...) de radicalização da democracia, para o qual as contribuições dos dois filósofos apresentam ainda alguns obstáculos. Porém, ao mesmo tempo, pode-se dizer que, segundo Habermas, a contribuição de um serve para sanar os problemas presentes na contribuição do outro. This text analyzes and evaluates the influence of the political philosophies of Rousseau and Kant in Habermasian thought. It stresses the fundamental idea of Faktizität und Geltung, according to which there is a logical co-originality of human rights, interpreted as fundamental rights of individual liberty, and popular sovereignty, understood as political rights of participation and communication in the process of public formation opinion and will. It is argued that Habermas' critique of Rousseau and Kant is due to Habermas' project of the radicalization of democracy, to which the contributions of the two philosophers present some obstacles. Nevertheless, it may be said that, according to Habermas, the contribution of each one serves to solve the problems in the contribution of the other. (shrink)