ABSTRACTRespect in morally and culturally critical situations during military missions is complex and loaded with ambiguity. Respect seems a desirable and positive cross-cultural competence. It is assumed and expected that respectful action serves the objectives of the mission and contributes to the perceived legitimacy of the military. However, by respecting ‘the others’ culture’ too much, one can neglect one's own values and sideline one's own ethical point of view. We conducted a qualitative study in which we extracted 121 morally and (...) culturally critical situations from 29 in-depth interviews with Dutch soldiers who have been deployed to, for them, unfamiliar cultural settings. The findings of this study reveal, firstly, that soldiers who refer to ‘culture’ as a reason for their own behaviour in morally and culturally critical situations encountered during deployments are less likely to intervene even though these situations conflict with their own values. This could be considered to be a sort of ethic.. (shrink)

René-Michel Roberge | Résumé : Invité à rassembler les principaux éléments de sa pensée sur le magistère de l’Église, l’auteur esquisse une notion de magistère ecclésial et propose quelques pistes de réflexion sur la nature de son autorité qui devrait être considérée comme étant d’abord de l’ordre du sacramentel, du synergique, de la fiabilité et de la réception. |: Invited to gather the main elements of his thought on the magisterium of the Church, the author outlines a notion (...) of ecclesial magisterium and offers some reflections on the nature of its authority which should be considered as being at first in the order of the sacramental, of the synergic, of the reliability and of the reception. (shrink)

Open science will make science more efficient, reliable, and responsive to societal challenges. The European Commission has sought to advance open science policy from its inception in a holistic and integrated way, covering all aspects of the research cycle from scientific discovery and review to sharing knowledge, publishing, and outreach. We present the steps taken with a forward-looking perspective on the challenges laying ahead, in particular the necessary change of the rewards and incentives system for researchers (for which various actors (...) are co-responsible and which goes beyond the mandate of the European Commission). Finally, we discuss the role of artificial intelligence (AI) within an open science perspective. (shrink)