Pretendemos apresentar uma leitura do modo como Jacques Rancière recusa o termo modernidade substituindo-o pela expressão regime estético das artes, apresentando a ideia de que a arte moderna não teria rompido com o passado, mas sim com o princípio mimético e com uma certa ideia de natureza humana que fundamentavam o regime representativo. A passagem de um regime a outro será pensada a partir de um modo específico de entrelaçar estética e política expresso naquilo que o autor compreende por partilha (...) do sensível. Nosso intuito é compreender como o rompimento com a mímesis opera uma mudança na concepção de natureza humana, que a partir de então, só poderá ser pensada como natureza perdida ou como humanidade por vir — tal qual teorizada no jovem Friedrich Nietzsche, em o Nascimento da tragédia, cujo pensamento dos impulsos dionisíaco e apolíneo aparecerão como ocasião para pensar a humanidade por vir como expressão do regime estético em Rancière. (shrink)

Scientific models represent aspects of the empirical world. I explore to what extent this representational relationship, given the specific properties of models, can be analysed in terms of propositions to which truth or falsity can be attributed. For example, models frequently entail false propositions despite the fact that they are intended to say something "truthful" about phenomena. I argue that the representational relationship is constituted by model users "agreeing" on the function of a model, on the fit with data and (...) on the aspects of a phenomenon that are modelled. Model users weigh the propositions entailed by a model and from this decide which of these propositions are crucial to the acceptance and continued use of the model. Thus, models represent phenomena when certain propositions they entail are true, but this alone does not exhaust the representational relationship. Therefore, the constraints that produce the choice of the relevant propositions in a model must also be examined and their analysis contributes to understanding the relationship between models and phenomena. (shrink)

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, procrastination has become commonplace due to changes in teaching and learning, which trigger students' academic burnout. As a result, it has increased the intensity of procrastination among students who are enrolled in online learning programs. As a result, students have difficulty as a result of the rapid change from in-person learning to online learning. The study investigates the relationship between academic burnout and procrastination among 150 grade 12 senior high school students. Hence, this study employed (...) a correlational design. Based on the inferential analysis, the r coefficient of 0.71 indicates a high positive correlation between the variables. The p-value of 0.00, which is less than 0.05, leads to the decision to reject the null hypothesis. Hence, a significant relationship exists between academic burnout and academic procrastination among grade 12 senior high school students. (shrink)

In this article, an attempt was made to identify the level of community social participation according to age, gender and the structural characteristics of the personal support networks in a population displaced by floods in the Colombian Caribbean. The research was based in a non-experimental methodology with an associative-relational strategy. An intentional non-probabilistic sample of 151 people affected by the winter wave in the south of the Department of Atlántico (Colombia) was selected. In total, the study included 42 males (27.8 (...) %) and 109 females (72.2 %) participants, with an average age of 37.48 (±14, Range 18 - 80) and average relocation time of 21.79 months (± 8.22, Range 5-36). The Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (ASSIS) and Community Empowerment instruments were responded to with an instrument adapted from the leadership competence factor. The results show lower rates of intermediation in the older population, and the relationship between social participation and gender shows equally cohesive social support networks in men and women. This evidence is discussed to promote psychosocial interventions aimed to increase community engagement and empowerment of people that have experienced non-voluntary mobility processes. (shrink)

A cultura clássica em suas múltiplas representações, independente do viés temporal a que está vinculada, nos proporciona um rememorar e um aprendizado que é lapidado a cada novo olhar. Esse artigo tem como objetivo, a partir de uma reflexão sobre a personagem Antinoo, repensar a importância das artes, em especial a confecção de esculturas, como representação da realidade.

: This paper contains the analysis of nine interviews with UK scientists on the topic of scientific models. Scientific models are an important, very controversially discussed topic in philosophy of science. A reasonable expectation is that philosophical conceptions of models ought to be in agreement with scientific practice. Questioning practicing scientists on their use of and views on models provides material against which philosophical positions can be measured.

O artigo examina a “guerra das imagens” na contemporaneidade, a partir da reflexão estética de Jean Baudrillard. Mostra que para Baudrillard a imagem hegemônica na sociedade da simulação total, é o simulacro: imagens planas; sem enigma, sem mistério; sem face oculta; nos termos do autor. Partindo desse diagnóstico, o texto conjectura se nessa sociedade hiper-real, é possível, ainda, produzir uma imagem de resistência, uma imagem que “force o pensamento”, no sentido de Gilles Deleuze. Por fim, afirma-se que é no campo (...) da educação e da produção artística que se pode desenvolver a percepção sensível, de modo a permitir a seleção das imagens, no reconhecimento de suas diferenças. Para tanto, analisa-se fotografias de Nan Goldin, Ana Mariani, e do próprio Jean Baudrillard; além de videoinstalações, entre outras obras. (shrink)

Tarski presented his definition of consequence operator to explain the most important notions which any logical consequence concept must contemplate. A Tarski space is a pair constituted by a nonempty set and a consequence operator. This structure characterizes an almost topological space. This paper presents an algebraic view of the Tarski spaces and introduces a modal propositional logic which has as a model exactly the closed sets of a Tarski space. • DOI:10.5007/1808-1711.2010v14n1p47.

The analysis of penalty kick has played an important role in performance analysis. The study aims are to get formal feedback on the relevance of variables for penalty kick analysis, to design and validate an observational system; and to assess experts’ opinion on the optimum video footage in penalty kick analysis. A structured development process was adopted for content validity, reliability and agreement on video usage. All observational variables included in OSPAF showed Aiken’s V values above the cut-off. Cohen’s Kappa (...) resulted in mean intra- and inter-rater reliability values of 0.90 and 0.86, respectively. It is recommended to combine at least three different viewing angles with standardization of video quality. Changing the viewing angles may influence the observer perception. The aerial and pitch-level viewing angle behind the penalty taker and pitch-level viewing angle behind the goalkeeper were indicated as most appropriate for observational analysis. The OSPAF met all requirements of instrument validation. It may be recommended as basis of future observational systems on penalty kicks. (shrink)

O artigo pretende contribuir com as discussões sobre o ensino de filosofia, partilhando achados de uma pesquisa realizada com duas turmas de estudantes universitários na disciplina de Estética (Curso de Música -Licenciatura). As inovações metodológicas aplicadas nas turmas buscaram valorizar o ensino de filosofia em diálogo permanente com as vivências cotidianas e artísticas dos estudantes através de atividades em sala sistematicamente vinculadas aos temas previstos no programa da disciplina. Os resultados dos dados apontaram que as estratégias metodológicas de ensino utilizadas (...) na disciplina tiveram impacto positivo para o engajamento dos discentes, atuando desenvolvimento de sua criticidade e criatividade. (shrink)

In debates on the ethics of artificial gametes, concepts of naturalness have been used in a number of different ways. Some have argued that the unnaturalness of artificial gametes means that it is unacceptable to use them in fertility treatments. Others have suggested that artificial gametes are no less natural than many other tissues or processes in common medical use. We suggest that establishing the naturalness or unnaturalness of artificial gametes is unlikely to provide easy answers as to the acceptability (...) of using them in fertility medicine. However, we also suggest that we should be cautious about repudiating any relationship between nature and moral evaluation. The property of being natural or man-made may not per se tell us anything about an entity’s moral status, but it has an important impact on the moral relationship between the creator and the created organism. (shrink)

El artículo explora las posiciones discursivas valorativas multimodales, es decir, que integran el modo verbal y el de la imagen por medio de ensambles, en un corpus conformado por ocho pósteres académicos del curso Biología Celular de una universidad estatal chilena, realizados por estudiantes de primer año entre 2016 y 2019. De cada cohorte, se seleccionaron los dos afiches que obtuvieron la calificación más alta. El objetivo es identificar, a través del marco conceptual de la Lingüística Sistémico Funcional (LSF) (Halliday, (...) 2004, 2014; Martin y White, 2005) y de la Semiótica Social (Kress y van Leeuwen, 2006; Martin, 2010, 2017; Unsworth, 2021), cómo se codifican los significados interpersonales multimodales en el corpus. A partir del análisis, se aporta evidencia para la caracterización de este género académico desde la perspectiva de las posiciones valorativas verbales del texto que se ensamblan con los recursos visuales para configurar el espacio semántico. Los resultados muestran juicios evocados a agentes elididos que dan cuenta de valoración, como una estrategia discursiva de los estudiantes frente a temas controversiales de la ciencia, tales como utilización de células madre y experimentación con animales. Los hallazgos también evidencian la necesidad de incluir un abordaje multimodal en procesos pedagógicos que consideren la literacidad de las ciencias en el género póster académico, ya que los significados verbales se ensamblan con los visuales para marcar posiciones valorativas. Finalmente, se proponen sugerencias para que los estudiantes adquieran las estrategias valorativas adecuadas al discurso académico científico. (shrink)

Conley and colleagues (2023) explore how calls for broad public engagement (PE) in the case of heritable human genome editing are being put into action, reviewing the activities of five different i...

Touch pools are popular open-topped fish tanks often found in aquariums where visitors may interact with animals, by touching and sometimes even feeding them, for educational and recreational purposes. However, although animal interactions are becoming increasingly popular in recent years, the welfare impact on the animals and the educational effectiveness of such interactions is under debate. Awareness concerning the different, and sometimes controversial, aspects connected with such interactions has spread. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ethical issues (...) arising from the presence of touch pools in aquariums and facilities alike. In particular, possible sources of moral conflicts between five interested parties will be identified and discussed: biodiversity; aquariums; staff involved with touch pools; individual animals used in the touch pools; visitors interacting with animals in touch pools. In order to assess the framework of ethical demands from different parties, it will be used an analytical tool provided by a revised version of the Ethical Matrix. (shrink)

The purpose of den trials is to assess innate ability and preparedness of dachshunds and terriers to work in natural beds in order to control fox numbers. International earthdog trials within the period 2009–2018 were evaluated in Slovakia, in which 1812 dogs participated, of which terriers represented 61.36% and dachshunds 38.64%. Depending on the way of work, dogs of these breeds work as bayer, bolter or hard dog. The test rules were compared in terms of animal protection, principles of ethics (...) and welfare requirements in the Visegrad countries. We investigated the extent to which animals used in trials are exposed to suffering in the countries under review. During the den trials in Slovakia, there is a direct physical contact between the dog and the fox, where the foxes are unnecessarily exposed to excessive stress, injury and pain and violated by Five Animal Welfare Needs, in particular the need to protect against pain, injury and disease. Due to non-compliance with the welfare, we propose a change in the examination rules in the earthdog work in Slovakia. Non-parametric Chi square statistic to analyse group differences when the dependent variable is measured at nominal level was used. (shrink)

This paper elaborates on the question of how to design an epistemological foundation for problem-oriented, collaborative forms of research, such as transdisciplinary sustainability research. It pic...

This essay traces the movement of Heidegger’s thinking first from Contributions to Philosophy to The Event and then in the latter volume itself as a downgoing movement Heidegger performs through language, i.e. in how he thinks and speaks. The essay highlights a shift in attunement and in the relation to history that occurs in The Event, which is a shift from a resistance to the epoch of machination to letting it pass by as thinking ventures into the most concealed dimension (...) of the event and attempts an “imageless saying.” The last part of the essay focuses on the issue of language in The Event, both in relation to how Heidegger thinks language and in view of the performative aspects of Heidegger’s writing. (shrink)

O presente estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de uma perspectiva imagético discursiva, de reconstrução memorial da representação social do personagem homossexual no cinema brasileiro. Objetivamos compreender como a Organização da Informação (OI) auxilia, por meio da reconstrução da memória cinematográfica, na identificação temática relacionada à imagem social dos personagens homossexuais no cinema brasileiro. Utilizou-se de uma cartografia de telas com recorte cronológico compreendido entre os anos de 1980 a 2014. O recorte analisado explicita que a utilização de um modelo preponderante (...) com características, padrões, constitui um estereótipo, consolidando e arraigado em uma visão que representa o preconceito social e um proselitismo da sociedade com relação às homossexualidades. (shrink)

Lehren und Lernen, verstanden als komplexe Vermittlung und Verarbeitung von Inhalten, finden immer in räumlichen Kontexten statt, die hinderlich oder förderlich sein können. Diese Räume können von ganz verschiedener Art sein und sie müssen sich keineswegs auf den Hörsaal und Seminarraum beschränken. Der Sammelband, der aus zwei Symposien des Münchner-Dozierenden-Netzwerks in den Jahren 2020 und 2021 hervorgegangen ist, möchte diese Räume erkunden, medial reflektieren und zugleich neue Räume für die Lehre eröffnen. Folgende Fragen stehen dabei im Zentrum: Welche Lehr- und (...) Lernräume innerhalb und außerhalb der Hochschule haben sich bislang bewährt? Wo liegen ihre Grenzen, wo ihre Möglichkeiten? Wie lassen sich Lehr- und Lernräume gestalten? Welche Materialien, welche Technik und welche Medien haben sich bewährt oder bieten neue Möglichkeiten? Die Herausgebenden PD Dr. Jörg Noller lehrt Philosophie an der LMU München. Dr. Christina Beitz-Radzio ist Tierärztin und Trainerin (Sprachraum eG)und arbeitet im Studiendekanat der Tierärztlichen Fakultät der LMU München. Melanie Förg, M.A., promoviert in Philosophie an der Universität zu Kielund arbeitet an der Technischen Universität München (TUM) im Team der TUM Talent Factory. Dr. Sandra Eleonore Johst ist Philosophin, wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin der FernUniversität in Hagen und selbstständige Beraterin. Dr. Daniela Kugelmann ist akademische Oberrätin am Lehrstuhl für vegetative Anatomie und Zellbiologie an der LMU München. Dr. Sabrina Sontheimer ist freiberufliche Trainerin für Hochschuldidaktik, E-Learning, wissenschaftliches Schreiben und Kommunikation. Am Schreibzentrum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München ist sie für die Weiterbildung der Lehrenden zuständig. Dr. Sören Westerholz ist Biologe und lehrt am Biomedizinischen Centrum der LMU München. (shrink)

Fundamentos da bioética -- Situações emergentes em bioética -- Situações persistentes em bioética.

RESUMO Esboça-se neste artigo uma possível via de interpretação ao problema ético-estético, ou ainda ético-poiêtico da criação de si, a partir de uma reavaliação da noção de hipocrisia, enquanto arte do engano e arte do ator, reaproximando-a da hypókrisis [ὑπόκρισις] grega. Para tanto, procura-se estabelecer um diálogo, ou mesmo um contraponto, com aqueles pensadores que, nas preleções de Foucault, conformaram na antiguidade clássica e helenística os elementos para se pensar, por meio do discurso parrêsiástico e da prática da áskêsis, a (...) criação de si enquanto estética da existência. O lastro para essa compreensão vem de uma reavaliação das formas de inteligência estocástica e astuciosa que comandam a lida com a inconstância, a multiplicidade e os acasos - formas às quais os gregos atribuíram o nome da deusa Mêtis [Μήτις]. Mais afeitas a estas inconstâncias, práticas tais como: a simulação, a dissimulação e a ênfase - próprias da arte do engano - ganham sob essa ótica uma feição de virtuosidade que o pensamento filosófico hegemônico, afeito à retidão e ao enfrentamento heroico diante do real, dificilmente se disporia a reconhecer. ABSTRACT This paper outlines a possible way of interpreting the ethical-aesthetic or ethical-poiêthical problem of the creation of self, from a re-evaluation of the concept of hypocrisy, while art of deception and the art of the actor, reconnecting it with the greek hypókrisis [ὑπόκρισις]. For it aims to establish a dialogue, or even a counterpoint, with those thinkers who, in Foucault's lectures, conformed in classical and Hellenistic antiquity elements to think, through the parhêsiástic discourse and the practice of áskêsis, the creation of self while an aesthetics of existence. The ballast for this understanding comes from a re-evaluation of forms of stochastic and astute intelligence who command the dealings with the fickleness, the multiplicity and the accidents - which forms the Greeks attributed the name of the goddess Mêtis [Μήτις]. More related to these uncertainties, practices such as: the simulation, dissimulation and the emphasis - related to some art of deception - win under this optics a feature of virtuosity that the hegemonic philosophical thought, wont to the righteousness and the heroic confrontation facing the real, would hardly accept. (shrink)

In this article, we discuss the question about how the practices of deceiving become a matter of discussion on moral philosophy and how they could be thought beyond the sieve of this conviction. As we intend to defend, an answer to this question should refer to the Greek thought, particularly, the Platonic thought in dialogues: Hippias minor and The republic, taking as horizon the problem of the disambiguation of Alêtheia, and the exclusion, by philosophical thought, of the forms of clever (...) and astute intelligence that the Greeks named in honor to the goddess Mêntis. On the other hand, should also imply a distinction of perspectives inherent to what we call by deceiving, which put on opposite sides of the deceiver and the deceived, according to the acknowledgement, or not, of the deceiving. Under this bias, we argue that, for the Greeks, the problem wouldn't be mainly the mistake itself – although platonic thought points that – but being deceived, and mainly, self-deceived. (shrink)

This article aims to investigate the assumptions that lead to a conviction by moral philosophy of the various practices of deceit commonly involved under the name of hypocrisy. The argument is developed around three questions: first, on the assumptions under which the various practices and strategies of deceit – such as: simulation, dissimulation and irony – become a problem to moral philosophy. Secondly, in order to understand how the hypocrisy, originally assigned to the art of the actor, comes to be (...) part of the moral sphere designating, as art of deception, the set of those morally reprehensible strategies. Finally, how could be set a way opposed to this conviction. As I argue, that would happen with a double presumption: a distinction of perspectives between deceiving and being deceived– with their respective modes of evaluation – and through a re-evaluation of thought forms linked to astute intelligence that the Greeks called metis. Under these assumptions, hypocrisy could be linked to the ethical-poietical agenda of the creation of self. (shrink)

Interpretações históricas do percurso científico inicial de Skinner destacam as inovações teóricas, empíricas e instrumentais de seu esboço de uma ciência do comportamento. Apesar desse empenho historiográfico, um aspecto tem sido tratado de modo secundário na análise dessa fase da carreira de Skinner, a saber, os impactos dos contextos institucionais da universidade de Harvard nos rumos de sua trajetória e ciência. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar esse aspecto por meio da apreciação das práticas institucionalizadas dos Departamentos de Psicologia e (...) de Fisiologia Geral daquela universidade, e suas relações com a emergência da proposta científica de Skinner e suas peculiaridades teóricas e metodológicas. De acordo com nossa interpretação, singularidades dos primórdios da ciência skinneriana são compreendidas de modo mais amplo quando identificadas as condições institucionais que permitiram a Skinner se distanciar do mainstream da psicologia experimental estadunidense. Por fim, sugerimos que embora este estudo refira-se à história de um eminente cientista, em um momento e cenário histórico específicos, ele serve para ilustrar o papel de controles sociais, inerentes à prática científica, nos rumos da carreira de cientistas e suas produções intelectuais. Historical interpretations of the initial career of B. F. Skinner include theoretical and empirical innovations of his stub of a behavioral science. Despite this historiographical commitment, one aspect has been treated as secondary in the analysis of this phase of Skinner's career, namely, the impacts of institutional context of Harvard University. The purpose of this article is to explore this aspect through the analysis of the institutionalized practices of the departments of psychology and general physiology of that university, and its relations with the emergence of the scientific proposal of Skinner and its peculiarities. According to our interpretation, some singularities of this proposal are more broadly understood as institutional conditions that enabled Skinner to distance himself from the mainstream of American experimental psychology. Finally, we suggest that even though this study refers to an eminent scientist at a specific historical context, it offers the possibility to illustrate the role of social controls inherent to scientific practices in the course of scientific careers. (shrink)

Interseções e interações entre mídia, religião e mercado: um objeto dinâmico e instigante (Intersections and interactions between media, religion and market: a dynamic object and thought-provoking) - DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2014v12n34p284 Editorial - Dossiê: Religião, Mercado e Mídia.

El presente artículo aborda la estrategia escritural de Daniela Catrileo. Se propone revisar la elaboración del concepto de piñen examinando la relación entre lenguaje y colonialidad, para, de ese modo, subrayar el potencial político y reivindicativo que comporta en la novela del mismo nombre, Piñen (2019). Dicha hipótesis articulará el ejercicio de lectura aquí propuesto, atendiendo principalmente las estrategias narrativas empleadas –servirse de un polilingüismo que rompe estructuras gramaticales– para descentrar el lenguaje de su determinismo colonial. Así, interpretamos dicha (...) estrategia escritural en consonancia con las potencias micropolíticas y descolonizadoras del arte descritas por Suely Rolnik y, en consecuencia, apostando por la posibilidad de diagramar un devenir minoritario que dispute los imaginarios del inconsciente colonial-capital. (shrink)

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os processos relacionais entre os indígenas Migueleno, o território e o Estado brasileiro na região do atual Estado de Rondônia. O SPI Pautado na teoria da aculturação, no ano de 1928, considerou os Migueleno como grupos extintos, alegando a sua integração à sociedade nacional. A partir desse período, parte do grupo passou a constituir moradia na Vila do Limoeiro, a margem esquerda do rio São Miguel. Em 1982, o Governo brasileiro criou a Reserva Biológica (...) do Guaporé, deslocando os Migueleno e parte de seringueiros para um assentamento a margem direita no baixo São Miguel, classificando o grupo como “colonos assentados” pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária - INCRA. A partir do ano de 2000, os Migueleno através do movimento indígena estão reivindicando sua etnicidade e procurando caminhos para retornar ao seu território de “ocupação tradicional”, atualmente sobreposto à Reserva Biológica do Guaporé. A pesquisa pautada em estudos etnográficos analisa os processos situacionais, a dispersão dos Migueleno e a relação deles com o território de “ocupação tradicional”, atualmente sobreposto por uma Reserva Biológica. (shrink)

When there are two lines of argument that contradict each other but still end up with the same conclusion, this conclusion is called a floating conclusion. It is an open topic in skeptical defeasible reasoning if floating conclusions ought to be accepted. Inter- estingly, the answer seems to be changing for different examples. In this paper, we propose a solution for explaining the different treatments of the floating conclusion in the various examples from the literature. We collect the examples from (...) the literature, extend them with additional examples and test various hypotheses for explaining the difference by means of the examples. We will argue for a framework that accepts a floating conclusion by default but allows for reasons to deviate from the default in order to reject it. These reasons nicely explain the different underlying patterns of our intuitions. (shrink)

Este artículo busca presentar una lectura posestructuralista sobre el Programa de Educación Ciudadana orientado a estudiantes de tercero medio que se implementa actualmente en Chile desde el 2021. Al respecto, pareciera que la educación cívica se entiende como una posible solución a las críticas expuestas en las revueltas estudiantiles que inician el 2006 y que se han mantenido hasta el día de hoy, el análisis del discurso permite indagar qué aspectos de la ciudadanía se buscan enseñar en la sala de (...) clases. La educación ciudadana ha sido históricamente implementada desde la creación del Estado chileno para abordar momentos de crisis, es por esto que la elaboración de programas nuevos podría vincularse a la necesidad de organizar una nación con problemáticas estructurales a nivel educativo. Se ha elegido realizar un análisis del discurso de los documentos curriculares a través de una perspectiva posestructuralista, porque se cree que este enfoque permite comprender los programas desde otros lugares, posibilitando la comprensión y el análisis crítico de las ideas que se encuentran en el objetivo de educar a la ciudadanía. (shrink)