This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in (...) the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in (...) the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Contextual Bible Reading (CBR) and Intercultural Bible Reading (IBR) have enabled the cooperation between socially engaged scholars and marginalised groups to find new resources in biblical texts to interpret their contexts and fight against the surrounding violence. As the use of these two methods has not been the object of a comparative study based on concrete experiences, this article presents them through four cases of Christian communities in Colombia. This comparative study not only illustrates the differences between these two methods (...) of Bible reading, but also shows how they open new hermeneutic and liberation perspectives in the struggle for social justice and the search for reconciliation. The article depicts the CBR of the story of the Levite’s concubine (Jdg 19:1–30) by a group of women living in vulnerable conditions as well as the CBR of the parable of the father and his two sons (Lk 15:11–32) by a group of violence victims’ relatives. It also depicts the IBR of the story of the widow and the judge (Lk 18:1–8) by four groups of Caribbean readers as well as the IBR of the garden story (Gn 2:4b–25) by two Andean indigenous groups. Ordinary readers’ central role as interpreters of biblical texts let them recognise their own capabilities to transform their contexts in an emancipatory way and challenge biblical scholars and theologians. Even though CBR and IBR pursue different hermeneutical goals, they converge in giving a central role to the community as the subject of counter-hegemonic interpretations that open new horizons starting from reality and triggering liberation processes. Contribution: Beyond their differences and tensions, CBR and IBR are inclusive and dialogical methods intended for liberation that should be used to transcend the limits of dominant interpretations of biblical texts as well as the isolation of marginalised ordinary readers. (shrink)

Sprache und Gedächtnis als zentrale Strukturen der menschlichen Person sind kulturell geprägt. Das individuelle Gedächtnis und Selbstbewußtsein entwickelt sich im Bezugsrahmen der jeweiligen Weltinterpretation eines Kulturraumes, von dem es seine Begrifflichkeit bezieht. Im Zentrum der Überlegungen steht das Wechselverhältnis von individuellem und kulturellem Gedächtnis. Besonders berücksichtigt wird dabei auch der Zusammenhang von Gedächtnis und Gewissen. Die Frage ist, welcher Spielraum dem Individuum in seinem Selbstverständnis zukommt und welchen Einfluß es umgekehrt auf das kulturelle Gedächtnis ausüben kann, insofern die Gewichtung von (...) individuellem und kulturellem Gedächtnis der Freiheit der Person überlassen bleibt. (shrink)

Desde que la Constitución de 1991 estableció que Colombia es un país multi-étnico y pluri-cultural se constata un creciente interés en algunos sectores académicos y políticos por la cuestión del multiculturalismo. Esta investigación describe la historia del desconocimiento de la pluralidad cultural en Colombia y examina la tensión actual vivida por el Estado colombiano, que en su tarea de procurar la libertad y la igualdad de los ciudadanos debe buscar a la vez el reconocimiento de los derechos colectivos. La experiencia (...) colombiana evidencia los límites de la legislación liberal, basada tradicionalmente en los derechos individuales y sirve como espacio para contextualizar la discusión que en torno al papel del Estado ante los derechos colectivos han desarrollado recientemente los filósofos morales partidarios del comunitarismo y aquellos partidarios del universalismo de los derechos individuales. (shrink)

Die Unabänderlichkeit der Kontingenzen wird zunächst als Götterwille empfunden und gedeutet, der mit menschlicher Einsicht nicht begriffen werden kann. Erst Platon interpretiert die Lebensschicksale als Ergebnis der die ,,Lebenslose wählenden Seele". Mit der Entfaltung eines transzendenten Weltengrundes entsteht das Bedürfnis einer Deutung der Kontingenzen als Teile der Kosmosordnung. Die jüdisch-christliche personale Interpretation Gottes setzt schließlich die Vertrauensbasis für die durch den Erlösungsglauben ermöglichte Lebensfreude und Weltoffenheit.

Die ursprüngliche Wahrheit ist unsagbar und kann nur durch Bilder verdeutlicht werden. Der Begriff vergegenwärtigt zwar Abwesendes, ist aber begrenzt auf Definibles. Dennoch vermag Sprache über Endliches hinaus zu deuten und versucht im Mythos, der in der antiken Vorstellung als göttliche Gabe verstanden wird, Transzendentes darzustellen. Auch das Mittelalter entwickelt ein System der Offenbarungshermeneutik zur Deutung der Welt wie zur Festlegung der Aufgabe, Moral und Stellung des Menschen im Kosmos. Will man Welt verstehen, so muß man im Sinne eines christlich (...) interpretierten Neuplatonismus und der Formel ,,verum et factum convertuntur" eine Vorstellung der göttlichen Schöpfung entfalten. (shrink)

The first part of this paper summarizes what I take to be the most important doctrines of Brentano's philosophy. The second part investigates the possible meanings of the term 'Austrian philosophy'. The third part attempts to say something about Brentano's place in Austrian philosophy — whatever that may be --, while the fourth part focuses on a problem in which I am especially interested. The paper closes with a proposal for what the expression 'Austrian philosophy' could mean.

Bernard Bolzano's most fruitful invention was his method of variation. He used it in defining such fundamental logical concepts as logical consequence, analyticity and probability. The following three puzzles concerning this method of variation seem particularly worth considering, (i) How can we define the range of variation of an idea or the categorial conformity of two ideas without already using the concept of variation? This question was raised by Mark Siebel in his M. A. thesis, (ii) Why must we define (...) analyticity by means of (simultaneous or successive) variation of several ideas rather than by means of replacing a single idea? This problem is suggested by an example due to W.V.O. Quine, John R. Myhill and Benson Mates, (iii) Must every 'there is...' sentence be synthetic for Bolzano, as his pupil Franz Příhonský claims in his booklet Neuer Anti-Kant, or can a 'there is...' sentence be logically analytic? (shrink)

The 23 papers that were prepared for a 1991 symposium that was cancelled beneath the weight of public and professional protests at some of the speakers invited, particularly Peter Singer. They analyze the application of theoretical considerations arising from philosophical reflection to particular concrete cases and situations of moral conflict in such fields as the environment, biology and medicine, business and professions, politics, law, and society. Among the topics are a philosophical critique of legal rights for natural objects, comparing the (...) value of human and nonhuman life, business ethics as a goal-rights system, liberal society and planned morality, and moral philosophy and its function. No subject index. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR. (shrink)

Trois courts textes qui se présentent comme trois petits traités sur le bonheur, sur ces trois "complexités" énigmatiques qui enchantent et illuminent nos vies : l'amour, la poésie et la sagesse, et les liens qui les unissent. Issus de conférences prononcées en 1990 et 1995.

Nicht nur in der Alltagssprache, sondern auch in der Sprache des Wissenschaftlers spielt die Verwendung von Superlativen eine wichtige Rolle. Für gewöhnlich geht man dabei vom jeweiligen Komparativ aus und führt hernach den dazugehörigen Superlativ ein. Für die Definition des Superlativs mit Hilfe des entsprechenden Komparativs kommen jedoch mehrere Möglichkeiten in Betracht, welche genau auseinandergehalten werden müssen; die Unterschiede, die sich dabei ergeben, sollen hier im einzelnen herausgearbeitet werden.