One of the most expressive definitions of philosophy equates it with the field of knowledge about meaningful demarcation of the semantic boundaries of objects, phenomena and trends. In this context, the conceptual distinction between culture and civilization is quite logical, natural, and even irreplaceable. Nevertheless, such a research and interpretive approach acquired fundamental features only at the beginning of the 20th century and mainly within the limits of the German worldview, semantic and axiological hierarchy. The remaining socio-cultural forms of worldview (...) stylistics continued to prefer the symbiotic and synonymous interpretation of social reality’s cultural and civilizational components. The meaningful distinction between culture and civilization has a characteristic feature – a surge of further efforts in this direction is always a consequence of crisis trends in the global world order. In particular, this was the case at the beginning of the 20th century, when the exhaustion of the previous resources of civilizational development and the deepening of contradictions between the main centers of power caused by this factor led to a resolution in the form of the First World War. The second wave of careful attention to the meaningful demarcation of culture and civilization occurred in the 1930s when the tendency of the inability or unwillingness to resolve existing global contradictions led to the situation slipping into the maelstrom of the Second World War. Currently, there is an unequivocal awareness of the inappropriateness of the illusions associated with the global world order formed on the ruins of the Berlin Wall according to the patterns of neoliberalism. The world at the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century feels confused about its inability to respond to the challenges of modernity convincingly and promptly. This state of affairs once again objectively and logically actualizes the interest in a meaningful demarcation of culture and civilization since it is precise with these tools that the answers to the crisis status quo and the prospects for overcoming it are connected. An important task for concretizing this research goal is the cosmological prism of the conceptual demarcation of culture and civilization. (shrink)

Journal Name: Apeiron Issue: Ahead of print.

In his research, the author focuses on the role played by Joseph Slipy in spiritual and religious education and the unification of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Diaspora, as he affirmed understanding of the role and place of Ukrainian religious art and enlightenment as an indispensable component of the Eastern Christian tradition.

The end of the twentieth century is a turning point for many elements of human culture. Religious life is no exception. Thus, in the history of Ukraine, this time has become a period of radical change in existing world-view structures and ideologies, the birth of new ones and the revival of forgotten world-views. Religion has played and continues to play a significant role in this process. Under these conditions, numerous non-traditional religious trends began to emerge and take root on Ukrainian (...) soil, one of which is Buddhism. The time of economic, political and, finally, meaningful and existent uncertainty, which has become a typical, "normal" phenomenon for Ukraine over the past 15 years, has caused among a certain number of Ukrainians to find meaningful stability in their lives and to make sense of it in the realm of unconventional denominations. Not the exception is Buddhism, which every year finds more and more of its adherents among Ukrainian citizens. About 100 Buddhist communities operate in Ukraine today, of which 43 already have official registration and legal personality. (shrink)

Представление о шарообразном Солнце было стандартным для греческой культуры уже во времена Аристотеля, однако происхождение этого представления настолько мало освещено в источниках, что современная наука даже не попыталась взяться за решение этого вопроса. Между тем правдоподобная реконструкция вполне возможна. Греческая религия, в сущности, не препятствовала возникновению естествознания, а его основатели, Фалес и Анаксимандр, совмещая научные и философские интересы, стремились к построению всеобъемлющей космологии, в рамках которой было необходимым не только описать движение Солнца, но и объяснить, что это за тело и (...) почему с ним связаны свет и тепло. Модель Анаксимандра, описывавшая Солнце как скопление огня, пребывающего внутри колесообразного контейнера из сгустившегося воздуха и обнаруживающего себя сквозь единственное отверстие, которое кажется незначительным, но в действительности размером с Землю, оказалась несовместимой с фактами, ставшими доступными в следующем поколении в связи с расширением географического кругозора греков. В частности, было надежно установлено, что полуденное Солнце, которое в Средиземноморье неизменно видно на юге, для наблюдателей, находящихся южнее тропика Рака, в разгар лета оказывается на севере. Необходимость пересмотреть концепцию Анаксимандра с учетом новых данных вызвала идейный поиск, который привел к убеждению в том, что Солнце должно иметь форму шара. Это представление утвердилось, судя по всему, не в силу какого-либо остроумного довода, выдвинутого влиятельным мыслителем, сколько на основании согласия круга профессионалов, рассмотревших вопрос с разных сторон. Солнечный шар, однако, было трудно представить огненным, поскольку огонь сам по себе не образует компактных, очерченных тел. С этим связаны распространенные в V в. до н. э. попытки приписать свету Солнца зеркальную природу. Признание же наличия в космосе трех огромных шаров – Солнца, Луны и Земли способствовало выдвижению идеи, согласно которой земной шар, как и прочие два, является движущимся небесным телом. (shrink)

There are the brought results of main organization problems of accounting and reporting system of small business in Ukraine as important basis of ensuring competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy in the conditions of current world financial and economic crisis. The simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting of small business is a necessary state support and regulation tool. The article has analyses of the characteristics and disadvantages of different taxation groups of small businesses. It was found that current approach applied (...) in Ukraine using to construct the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting is significantly different from the approaches used in the world. It was found that current model of simplified taxation, accounting and reporting using in Ukraine is characterized with only fiscal direction while ignoring the needs of small businesses in respect of the convenient and efficient accounting. This leads to the fact that a lot of small business in Ukraine focused on addressing poverty reduction, instead of innovation development. Author paid a particular attention to accounting policies improvement of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting. Author suggesting the structure of the accounting policies order adapted to the small businesses needs that use the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting. (shrink)

У статті досліджено різноманіття наративних методологій у сучасній українській протестантській теології, у результаті чого виявлено ті універсальні інструменти, які можуть бути використані при релігієзнавчому аналізі текстів. Запропоновано авторський підхід до поділу наративних джерел вітчизняного протестантизму, на підставі чого авторка визначає розбіжності між протестантською самопрезентацією власних наративних джерел та їх релігієзнавчим аналізом.

Globalization and rapid information processes that are inherent in today's post-pandemic society, contributing to the reorganization of the authorities of many countries and their contacts with regions, local territorial units or civil society. Such changes, first of all, provide for delegation of authority at the level of regional and local authorities. However, many developing and today position their own society as post-modern, continue to be in a state of disunity of the branches of government, with a high level of corruption (...) and abuse of official position, improper distribution of resources, inappropriate tax system and incompetent provision of services by relevant authorities. This affects the relevance of studying foreign experience in building a rational, effective, balanced public administration system, the leading place in which in almost all developed countries is the decentralization of the state and, above all, the executive branch. The foreign experience of the successful implementation of decentralization reforms is investigated. The main characteristics inherent in the decentralization of power in European countries are given, including in the context of the existence of a pandemic. The features of decentralization of power in France, the UK, Germany and other countries are highlighted. It is substantiated that the experience of decentralization reforms in each country is unique and reflects the specifics of the development of a particular country, and therefore it is impractical to introduce foreign experience without taking into account the particular economic and political development of a particular country. (shrink)

_The purpose_ of this article is to explain in religious, secular, and post-secular contexts the functional potential of conceptualizing the miracle as a text or message with a motivational effect. _Theoretical basis._ Max Weber, Ernst Tugendhat, Alexander Geppert and Till Kössler analysed the processes of enchantment and disenchantment of the world on a philosophical basis. The representatives of the Frankfurt school (Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Walter Benjamin) and their followers describe the cultural processes of post-secularism (Jürgen Habermas, Peter Sloterdijk) in (...) detail. The logic of cultural and social representation of amazing events and their descriptions can be realized by combining hermeneutic analysis with a functionalist approach based on the model of Niklas Luhmann and the discursive ethics of Karl-Otto Apel. _Originality._ Desired cultural, social and political situations in society often arise unexpectedly and suddenly, which provokes to characterize them as a miracle. However, at the basis of the emergence of such situations are the rules of social communication, in particular those that provide for asymmetric communication with questions that await answers. A miracle appears at the moment of transformation of asymmetric communication into a symmetrical one: each specific miracle-phenomenon needs its own metaphorical understanding and interpretation as a message. _Conclusions._ The article proposes an analysis of miracle phenomenon in its cosmological, anthropological and educational implications. Some tendencies fixed by communicative turn of the contemporary philosophy are also contributed to considering the miracle in its objective and subjective representations. The semantics of the miracle is analysed according to the relevant problem fields. The functionality of miracle is examined on its ability to show orientation for the contemporary societies with their tendency to post-secularity. The fusion of Pre-modernity and Late Modernity is taking into account when the semantics of miracle is described accordingly to their communication functionality. The enchanting and disenchanting dialectic is explained on semantics of miracle as a world and cosmic events. (shrink)

Social responsibility as an awareness of the responsible attitude of the subjects (person, group, community, organization, state, society) to themselves and other subjects of this phenomenon and process is the basis for implementing Sustainable Development Goals. It permeates the entire structure of society both vertically (society – communities – person; state – region – citizen; economy – organization/enterprise (employer) – employee) and horizontally (society – states – economy; communities – regions – organizations/enterprises (employers); person – citizen – employee). The formation (...) of social responsibility is necessary for implementing Sustainable Development Goals and, at the same time, is its basis. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the formation and development of the phenomenon of social responsibility as a basis for the implementation of the goals of sustainable development, encouraging new actors of this phenomenon to act, creating conditions for the public (planetary) association to fight COVID-19; changed approaches to the economy, ecology, social sphere, education, etc. These changes can no longer be reversed, and society can only use them as a basis for further implementation of sustainable development goals. (shrink)

The article recounts that against the background of globalization processes that swept the world in the late twentieth century and left an indelible mark on the further progress of mankind there was a need to adapt the educational and social systems of Ukraine to functioning in the new conditions of crucial transformations caused by the dynamic changes triggered by universal digitalization, which now penetrates all branches and spheres of public life. It has been noted that the educational sphere is in (...) a state of permanent change, trying to adapt to the new environment in order to ensure a decent level of training specialists of the relevant educational and qualification level capable of adapting to rapidly changing conditions, taking into account the competence acquired in the process of training. As a result, it is shown that in today’s globalized world, the need to master digital competence at an appropriate qualification level comes to the fore, taking into consideration the factors of stair stepping and succession, in response to requirements and challenges of today’s world, which even in a short period of time are able to significantly influence any sphere, transforming its further functioning. The content analysis of regulatory documents enabled to identify the main problematic aspects of the educational industry in the context of ensuring the compliance of the process of standardization of education at the relevant qualification levels, which is characterized by certain fragmentarity and inconsistency and requires further weighted and step-by-step transformative phases in the educational system of Ukraine ensuring its correlation with the European educational standards and guaranteeing its quality. (shrink)

The article examines and analyzes the state structures of Soviet Ukraine in the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century, which were responsible for the organization, support and control in the field of culture and science of the country. In line with the postmodern transformations of this chronological segment, the system of state structures and their influence on the activities of semi-independent scientific organizations have been reconstructed. In view of postmodernism as a philosophical current, the nonviolent resistance of the scientific (...) intelligentsia to proletarian culture, forced by the Soviet nomenklatura with a mass, uncompromising character, is revealed. The political processes around state structures and scientific organizations are reproduced in historical retrospect. The activity of scientific organizations of the above historical period is investigated and an attempt is made to reproduce their organizational and social network. The article proves that the evolution of modern society is due to the complex influence of a set of important trends and factors that determine the progressive development of its economic, political, social and spiritual spheres. The relevance of the study is due to modern transformation processes in a post-communist society focused on democratic, liberal European values. With the spread and development of liberal views in Ukrainian society, we are increasingly seeing the emergence of private scientific institutions, which are the prototypes of scientific organizations of the previous century. As a result, their internal activities and connections with other organizations are of great interest today, not only among scientists, but also among business representatives. This necessitates a more in-depth development of this problem, taking into account the evolution of the theory and practice of social and public administration of various forms of ownership of organizations and enterprises. (shrink)

Alors qu’un certain scepticisme, pour ne pas dire plus, tend aujourd’hui à devenir majoritaire à l’égard du rôle de Thalès dans la naissance de la science et de la philosophie grecques, le livre de D. Panchenko s’efforce de prendre le contrepied de cette tendance. Son titre, Thalès, Les origines du raisonnement théorique et la naissance de la science, nous indique déjà la voie choisie par l’auteur. Selon la thèse introductive, Thalès aurait compté en adoptant « la procédure intellectuelle qui...

The article is about the poetic-practical philosophy of dialog of Lesia Ukrainka, which is manifested in the dramatic creativity of the prominent poetess, her translation activity and the concept of “person-nature relations”. In the text it is shown that Lesia Ukrainka created a new genre of contemporary drama on the basis of application of “Socratic dialog”, which started an important direction in contemporary literature and coincides with a leading trend of world philosophy associated with the paradigmatic turning point from the (...) philosophy of subjectivity to the philosophy of inter-subjectivity. The kinship of the Socratic philosophy of dialog and “Socratic drama” is also referred to. The author also showed that the meaning of Socratic dialog of Lesia Ukrainka in the resolution of the main problems of world outlook of modernity and the role of argumentation, in particular, the method of elenctics, the realization of such notions as “truth” and “verity”, which is particularly important the modern day situation of “posttruth” and “post-morality”. Against the background of the global environmental crisis, it is important to look at the way how Lesya Ukrainka suggests treating nature as a subject and partner in dialogue. This paradigm continues and deepens the Romantic concept of nature as a partner in a conversation and co-creator of the liber mundi ("the book of the world"). It also opens the opportunity to apply hermeneutical methods of understanding nature as a common world (Mitwelt) of communication, love and creativity. The article also analyzes the topic of dialogue between cultures, as well as perception and understanding of another culture as a subject in a dialogue. We can see this focus in Lesya Ukrainka's approach to translation of poetic texts produced by cultures from distant places and epochs. (shrink)

We describe an Aldous–Hoover-type characterization of random relational structures that are exchangeable relative to a fixed structure which may have various equivalence relations. Our main theorem gives the common generalization of the results on relative exchangeability due to Ackerman \)-invariant measures: part I, 2015. arXiv:1509.06170) and Crane and Towsner and hierarchical exchangeability results due to Austin and Panchenko :809–823, 2014).

Meditation refers to a family of self-regulation practices that focuses on training attention and awareness to foster psycho-emotional well-being and to develop specific capacities such as calmness, clarity, and concentration. We report a prospective convenience-controlled study in which we analyzed the effect of two components of Preksha Dhyāna – buzzing bee sound meditation and color meditation on healthy college students. Mahapran and leśya dhyāna are two Preksha Dhyāna practices that are based on sound and green color, respectively. The study population (...) represents a suitable target as college students experience different stress factors during the school year. This study measures the individual and combined effects of two techniques, on short-term memory, attention, and affect, in novice meditators. We used a battery of cognitive, performance, and compared results with baseline and control values. We found improved cognition, especially attention, short-term memory, and affect in terms of positivity and reduced negativity. Overall, the two techniques produced variable benefits and subjects showed improved scores over baseline for short-term memory, cognitive function, and overall wellbeing. Further studies are required to understand underlying mechanisms for the observed differences between the two techniques and to elucidate mechanisms underlying the more pronounced and global benefits observed with the combined techniques. These results underscore a need to examine individual components of meditation practices in order to individualize treatment approaches for attention disorders in young adults.Clinical Trail Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03779269. (shrink)

Several religious traditions of South Asia understand that mental activities produce colors (leśyās) that are associated with the mind or with the soul itself. In Jain texts, there are three theories about how leśyās are produced: that leśyās are a product (parināma) (1) of the passions (kasāyas), (2) of vibrations of the soul (yoga), and (3) of all eight varieties of karmas. The views of various Śvetāmbara and Digambara commentators regarding leśyās are compared.