Leeremos la hermenéutica nihilista de G. Vattimo como continuación del pensar de Wittgenstein en su argumento sobre el significado de "seguir una regla". Para ello definimos como "metafísicas" las posturas epistemológicas que otorgan a una instancia independiente de la acción de los sujetos la autoridad sobre la corrección de sus prácticas comunicativas, y como postmetafísicas aquellas que consideran tal instancia como dependiente de la acción de los participantes en las prácticas. Wittgenstein demuestra en su tratamiento de las reglas que la (...) determinación de la corrección de acuerdos a éstas no puede sino depender de la historia y voluntad de los sujetos que participan en su mantenimiento. Esta visión postmetafísica, aunque historiza las reglas, puede abocar al inmovilismo que resulta de la imposibilidad para la filosofia de legitimar una crítica o juicio propios, debido a la carencia de un apoyo metafísico para ello. En este punto el nihilismo vattimiano resalta la posibilidad, compartiendo el diagnóstico wittgensteiniano, de hacer precisamente de los elementos antimetafísicos de éste la propuesta que cabe hacer hacia otros ámbitos de la cultura, a menudo aún demasiado metafísicos. (shrink)

Dos filósofos dialogan sobre cómo definir en nuestros días la barbarie desde la filosofía política actual. Barajan para ello tres tipos de respuestas. La respuesta ilustrada es la que considera que la diversidad de concepciones del bien de nuestras sociedades es un hecho pernicioso para el desarrollo de la Humanidad, y que hay que imponer sobre ese batiburrillo de opiniones bárbaras la concepción sobre lo bueno más racional, la que en Occidente se propugna desde la Ilustración dieciochesca. La respuesta liberal, (...) por el contrario, acepta gustosa la pluralidad de concepciones morales y metafísicas de nuestras sociedades, y lo único que propone es evitar la barbarie haciendo que, en las cuestiones sobre cómo organizar nuestra sociedad, estas diferencias queden de lado y se intente encontrar un mínimo acuerdo entre todos. Por último, la respuesta postmetafísica sugiere aceptar que las cosmovisiones sobre el bien y el mundo no pueden quedar tan totalmente aparte de nuestros modos de organizar la sociedad como quiere el liberal; pero para evitar el conflicto bárbarico entre ellas, persigue hacer plausible sobre las demás una concepción concreta, que, a diferencia de la del ilustrado, aspiraría mucho más modestamente a sólo expandir un escepticismo para con el resto de nuestras propias creencias; autoironía que nos abriría al diálogo con las creencias de los demás y evitaría en ese juego de conversaciones la violencia de la imposición bárbara. (shrink)

James Gross ha desarrollado una propuesta muy difundida según la cual la regulación emocional es un procesoreflexivo o de segundo orden que es diferente de las emociones. A su vez, Gross considera que esta propuesta esindependiente de qué teoría sobre las emociones uno adopte. En este trabajo discutoesta presunta independencia. En particular, sostengo queel enfoque evolutivo de Tooby y Cosmidestiene dos implicaciones respecto de la relación entre emoción y regulación emocional: los procesos comúnmente considerados como regulativos son, de acuerdo (...) con esta propuesta, parte de la emoción misma y la regulación emocional se lleva a cabo horizontalmente, es decir, entre emociones que se encuentran en el mismo nivel. (shrink)

Pervasive feminism is a component located in emotionality—feminist emotion—and contains women's primary agency. Because affect and emotions are elusive, an interpretive conceptual tool is necessary and is key to making use of their potential for feminist politics aimed at women's empowerment and well-being and to build gender equality. This essay builds on contemporary feminist theory and affect theory and draws from multidisciplinary research. It presents a new theoretical framework anchored in hermeneutics and phenomenology to pin down the affective component of (...) women's multifaceted, intersectional emotional experiences of gender. A case study also illustrates how the theoretical premises around the concept of feminist emotion are compatible with and useful for feminist praxis. (shrink)

The DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) of chromatin constitute one of the best landmarks of eukaryotic genes that are poised and/or activated for transcription. For over 35 years, the high‐mobility group nucleosome‐binding chromosomal proteins HMGN1 and HMGN2 have been shown to play a role in the establishment of these chromatin‐accessible domains at transcriptional regulatory elements, namely promoters and enhancers. The critical presence of HMGNs at enhancers, as highlighted by a recent publication, suggests a role for them in the structural and (...) functional fine‐tuning of the DHSs in vertebrates. As we review here, while preferentially out‐competing histone H1 binding and invading neighbor nucleosomes, HMGNs may also modulate histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10ph), which plays an important role in enhancer function and transcriptional initiation. (shrink)

This paper aims at understanding the concept of convention in mechanics as a notion transferred from the field of jurisprudence. This enables us to clarify it as a new epistemic category having a pertinent role in the transformation of mechanics in the nineteenth century. Such understanding permits a separation from linguistic and arbitrary conventions, thus highlighting its epistemic features and not transforming fundamental principles into mere arbitrary agreements. After addressing the main references in the literature discussing the role of convention (...) in mechanics, we analyze its classical use as a concept originating from law. Then we explain its use by Carl G. Jacobi, Ferdinand F. Reech, and J. Henri Poincaré. Here we also show how their uses conform to the features analyzed regarding conventions in jurisprudence. Finally, we try to explain how the use of this concept, among other factors, contributed to the transformation of mechanics. (shrink)

In the introduction to his famous book, La Science et l’hypothèse, Poincaré remarks on the necessary role and legitimacy of hypotheses. He establishes a triple classification of hypotheses, dividing them into verifiable, useful, and apparent. However, in chapter 9, entitled ‘Les hypothèses en physique’, he gives a slightly different triadic classification: natural hypotheses, indifferent hypotheses, and real generalizations. The origin of this second classification is a lecture given at the International Congress of Physics, Paris, 1900. What are the similarities and (...) differences between these two classifications? My main purpose is to provide a possible equivalence between the two classifications in order to clarify the role of hypotheses in Poincaré’s epistemology of natural science. The discussion will be based on the two fundamental texts mentioned above and on the contrast between Poincaré’s use of the notion of hypothesis and that of some of his contemporaries. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to argue that there existed relevant interactions between mechanics and geometry during the first half of the nineteenth century, following a path that goes from Gauss to Riemann through Jacobi. By presenting a rich historical context we hope to throw light on the philosophical change of epistemological categories applied by these authors to the fundamental principles of both disciplines. We intend to show that presentations of the changing status of the principles of mechanics as (...) a mere epiphenomenon of the emergence of non-Euclidean geometries are inaccurate, that the relations between the two disciplines were richer than what is usually considered in the literature. These claims will be based on historical and philosophical arguments, starting from the fact that disciplinary boundaries at the time were not rigid as we are used today. It is widely known that the main figures we target worked in different areas, which is a first piece of evidence for the plausibility of our main thesis. (shrink)

We focus on the literature about UBI and the experiments developed all around the world to test it in order to address how UBI implementation could affect entrepreneurship. Building on these findings and various strands of entrepreneurial theory, we develop a theoretical framework to explain how the implementation of UBI would dramatically change the environment of entrepreneurial activity, shaping entrepreneurial action at three levels: (i) the desirability of becoming an entrepreneur; (ii) the perceived feasibility of becoming an entrepreneur; (iii) the (...) propensity to act. Consequently, UBI implementation would arguably facilitate the decision to become an entrepreneur. The contribution of the paper is threefold. It firstly provides a theoretical framework that opens new directions for further research on the relationship between UBI and entrepreneurship. Secondly, it offers new insights for policy makers by shedding light on potential effects of UBI implementation. Finally, it raises further questions that remains unsolved related to the role of non-pecuniary motivations and financial constraints. (shrink)

Much of the focus on Poincaré’s philosophy of science has been on the notion of convention, a crucial concept that has become distinctive of his position. However, other notions have received much less attention. That is the case of verifiable hypotheses. This kind of hypotheses seems to be constituted from the generalization of several observable facts. So, in order to understand what these hypotheses are, we need to know what a fact to Poincaré is. He divides facts into brute and (...) scientific facts. The characterization of this duality is not trivial at all, and leads us to the following questions that we will discuss in this paper: which the part of construction that exists in a scientific fact and which the part of translation, that is, what remains from the brute fact in the scientific one?; and when we conceive a generalized hypothesis, are we supposed to do it from scientific or from brute facts? The clarification of these questions could lead to distinguish the part of construction and the part of translation in the first steps of science, which is essential to get a better understanding of Poincaré’s conception of science. (shrink)

Este artículo comenta una conferencia de Louis de Broglie de 1952 en la que se replantea sus ideas iniciales sobre la mecánica cuántica. Defenderemos la tesis de que, en ese trabajo, pese a la referencia al indeterminismo, el objetivo del físico francés es presentar una interpretación causal de esta teoría y no poner de manifiesto su indeterminismo. Así, analizaremos la noción de causalidad que presenta con el objetivo de separarla del determinismo. Estructuraremos la noción presentada por de Broglie en tres (...) partes y la conexión entre las mismas. Para separar causalidad de determinismo utilizaremos una definición no restrictiva de esta noción y presentaremos los problemas que tiene la noción de causalidad utilizada por de Broglie. Finalmente, defenderemos una interpretación de las ideas de de Broglie más como una concepción filosófica que científica y ofreceremos alternativas filosóficas a la misma. (shrink)

Poincaré’s conventionalism has been interpreted in many writings as a philosophical position emerged by reflection on certain scientific problems, such as the applicability of geometry to physical space or the status of certain scientific principles. In this paper I would like to consider conventionalism as a philosophical position that emerged from Poincaré’s scientific practice. But not so much from dealing with scientific problems, as from the use of two specific methodologies proper to modern mathematics and the modern natural sciences: methodological (...) structuralism and the hypothetical-deductive method—thus, as a philosophical position which emerged from a way (or rather, two ways) ofdoingscience. With this approach, I try to deepen the analysis of connections between Poincaré’s scientific practice and his philosophy. (shrink)

The controversy between Euclidean and non-Euclidean geometry arose new philosophical and scientific insights which were relevant to the later development of natural science. Here we want to consider Poincaré and Helmholtz’s positions as two of the most important and original ones who contributed to the subsequent development of the epistemology of natural sciences. Based in these conceptions, we will show that the role of philosophy is still important for some aspects of science.

Muita da literatura sobre a filosofia da ciência de Poincaré tem estado focada na noção de convenção, um conceito crucial que identifica a sua posição. No entanto, há outras noções que têm recebido menos atenção. Este é o caso das hipóteses verificáveis. Este tipo de hipótese parece ser constituído a partir da generalização de vários fatos observáveis. Assim, para compreender o que são estas hipóteses, temos de saber o que é um fato para Poincaré. Ele divide fatos em brutos e (...) científicos. A caracterização desta dualidade não é de tudo trivial, e nos leva às seguintes questões que discutiremos neste artigo: (1) qual a parte de construção que existe num fato científico e qual a parte de tradução? Isto é, o que permanece do fato bruto no fato científico? E (2) quando concebemos uma hipótese generalizada, a generalização é feita a partir dos fatos científicos ou dos fatos brutos? A clarificação destas questões pode levar a distinguir a parte de construção e a parte de tradução desde os primeiros passos da ciência, o que é essencial para conseguir uma melhor compreensão da concepção de ciência de Poincaré. (shrink)

Guest Editors’ introduction to the Monographic Section.

This volume presents a selection of papers from the Poincaré Project of the Center for the Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, bringing together an international group of scholars with new assessments of Henri Poincaré's philosophy of science-both its historical impact on the foundations of science and mathematics, and its relevance to contemporary philosophical inquiry. The work of Poincaré (1854-1912) extends over many fields within mathematics and mathematical physics. But his scientific work was inseparable from his groundbreaking philosophical reflections, and (...) the scientific ferment in which he participated was inseparable from the philosophical controversies in which he played a pre-eminent part. The subsequent history of the mathematical sciences was profoundly influenced by Poincaré's philosophical analyses of the relations between and among mathematics, logic, and physics, and, more generally, the relations between formal structures and the world of experience. The papers in this collection illuminate Poincaré's place within his own historical context as well as the implications of his work for ours. (shrink)

This paper discusses the different teaching-learning styles and how they can be applied to university education. It is a common misconception that there are only three learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. There are nine different learning styles that can be applied to university teaching-learning. With a literature review, these nine different learning styles and how they can be used in the classroom setting will be explored. In addition, teaching techniques and strategies in a university education will be explored. The (...) importance of these techniques and how they can be improved will also be discussed, considering three different methods: active learning, collaborative learning, and self-directed learning, taking into account the integration of technology in its design. Finally, a dissertation will be made on the new forms of teaching for the training of professionals for industry 4.0 and the new labor demands. (shrink)

Cuando fray Luis de Granada fue invitado por Antonio Pinheiro, obispo abogado de Miranda, a pronunciar un sermón en la ceremonia de su ordenación episcopal, abordó el oficio y las costumbres de los obispos. Posteriormente ese sermón fue ampliado y convertido en un auténtico libro sobre el oficio de pastor de almas.

Para el 2016 Colombia firma el Acuerdo de Paz con la exguerrilla FARC-EP con el fin de acabar el conflicto en el país. La paz pactada en La Habana fue y ha sido una oportunidad única para todos los colombianos, sin embargo, los últimos 4 años del gobierno Duque, no fueron de avances sino de retrocesos. La paz en este momento se encuentra en un momento crucial para sus próximos avances y apertura de posibles nuevas rutas de diálogo con (...) otros grupos armados ilegales. La construcción de paz es construcción del Estado y por esto es fundamental que la paz en Colombia esté acompañada de una credibilidad y consolidar la institucionalidad donde se logre llegar a cada rincón del país. (shrink)

Mathematical Knowledge and the Interplay of Practices. By Ferreirós José.

Por El teniente coronel John Lilburne, el señor William Walwyn, el señor Thomas Prince y el Señor Richard Overton, presos en la Torre de Londres, a primero de mayo de 1649.

Los acuerdos de paz concertados entre el gobierno colombiano y las FARC en 2016 se han visto no solo como la finalización del conflicto armado, sino como la posibilidad de imaginar y construir una sociedad inclusiva, justa y participativa. Se ha argumentado que los acuerdos de paz son la ruta más corta para lograr los objetivos del Estado democrático, y cumplir con lo estipulado en su narración como parte de un pacto social que conlleva a la convivencia pacífica. Sin embargo, (...) una mirada detallada y crítica a los lugares descriptivos y, por ende, prácticos a los acuerdos desde un punto de vista del feminismo centrado en la noción de diferencia revela en los acuerdos un sentido de exclusión y marginalización de la mujer que reproduce los marcos teóricos de un feminismo centrado en la igualdad y la equidad. El pensamiento filosófico de Luce Irigaray permite fracturar y descentrar las lógicas masculinas en la tradición filosófica de occidente y abre paso a la diferencia como concepto que recrea y re-imagina el espacio público y el marco político. Así, se posibilita una inclusión que fortalece la ciudadanía como derecho y como única garante de la reconciliación en la sociedad colombiana. (shrink)

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