Critic, poet and philosopher Friedrich von Schlegel was a leading figure of German Romanticism. In the two years before his untimely death, he wrote three cycles of lectures intended as part of a larger project to lay the foundations of a new general philosophy. Two of these cycles, 'Philosophie des Lebens' and 'Philosophie des Sprache und des Wortes', are reissued here in an 1847 English translation. The first presents Schlegel's understanding of philosophy as independent of theology or politics, concerned (...) with the 'inner spiritual life' of humankind. The second explores the nature of communication through language and art. Schlegel argues that full human consciousness cannot be restored by Enlightenment science, but only by divine revelation and redemption. He offers no ready-made solutions, but encourages his listeners to develop their own responses to these questions. (shrink)

Critic, poet and philosopher Friedrich von Schlegel (1772–1829) was a leading figure of German Romanticism. In the two years before his untimely death, he wrote three cycles of lectures intended as part of a larger project to lay the foundations of a new general philosophy. Two of these cycles, 'Philosophie des Lebens' (given in 1827, published 1828) and 'Philosophie des Sprache und des Wortes' (given in December 1828 and published posthumously), are reissued here in an 1847 English translation. The (...) first presents Schlegel's understanding of philosophy as independent of theology or politics, concerned with the 'inner spiritual life' of humankind. The second explores the nature of communication through language and art. Schlegel argues that full human consciousness cannot be restored by Enlightenment science, but only by divine revelation and redemption. He offers no ready-made solutions, but encourages his listeners to develop their own responses to these questions. (shrink)

1827 hielt Friedrich Schlegel seine Vorlesungen zur "Philosophie des Lebens". Damit beginnt sich der Diskurs der modernen Lebensphilosophie zu manifestieren. Doch diese diskurs-begründende Leistung Schlegels wurde bisher nicht gewürdigt. Deshalb hat Robert Josef Kozljanic hier nun erstmals die entscheidenden Vorlesungen Schlegels ausgewählt, betitelt und herausgegeben. In seinem nachfolgenden Text "Schlegel und die Lebensphilosophie des 21. Jahrhunderts - Eine Manifestation" zieht Kozljanic die Linie weiter. Er greift Schlegels Lebensphilosophie engagiert auf und öffnet sie in Richtung Zukunft. Damit fließen erstmals neue (...) Themen in den lebensphilosophischen Diskurs. Themen, die bisher auf dem Gebiet der Philosophiegeschichte übersehen oder abgedrängt wurden: die wichtige Rolle der Lebensphilosophinnen, die dialogisch-philosophische Grundhaltung, Philosophie als Lebenskunst und Leben-Liebes-Kunst, die Frage der Leibes-Lust-Kultivierung, die Funktion der Lebenserfahrungsvernunft und die Suche nach einem gesellschaftskritischen und zugleich empathisch-lebendigen Ich. (shrink)

Volume: v. 1 General Books publication date: 2009 Original publication date: 1835 Original Publisher: Saunders and Otley Subjects: History History / General ...

PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY. LECTURE X. On the Christian point of view in the Philosophy of History.— The origin of Christianity, considered in reference to the ...

Until quite recently, mind-body dualism has been regarded with deep suspicion by both philosophers and scientists. This has largely been due to the widespread identification of dualism in general with one particular version of it: the interactionist substance dualism of Réné Descartes. This traditional form of dualism has, ever since its first formulation in the seventeenth century, attracted numerous philosophical objections and is now almost universally rejected in scientific circles as empirically inadequate. During the last few years, however, renewed attention (...) has begun to be paid to the dualistic point of view, as a result of increasing discontent with the prevailing materialism and reductionism of contemporary scientific and philosophical thought. Awareness has grown that dualism need not be restricted to its traditional form and that other varieties of dualism are not subject to the difficulties commonly raised against Descartes' own version of it. -/- Interest in these alternative versions of dualism is growing fast today, because it seems that they are capable of capturing deep-seated philosophical intuitions, while also being fully consistent with the methodological assumptions and empirical findings of modern scientific work on the human mind and brain. The object of this book is to provide philosophers, scientists, their students, and the wider general public with an up-to-date overview of current developments in dualistic conceptions of the mind in contemporary philosophy and science. (shrink)

Intellectual eminence apart, what did Kant, Clausewitz, Marx and Engels, and Tolstoy have in common? Professor Gallic argues that they made contributions to 'international theory' - to the understanding of the character and causes of war and of the possibility of peace between nations - which were of unrivalled originality in their own times and remain of undiminished importance in ours. But these contributions have been either ignored or much misunderstood ; chiefly because, as with all intellectual efforts in unexplored (...) fields, they were often imperfectly expressed, and were also overshadowed by their author's more striking achievements. Professor Gallic has sorted out, compared and contrasted, criticised and re-phrased the teachings of his chosen authors on peace and war. (shrink)

Annotation. A new translation of Schelling's Die Philosophie der Kunst, 1859 with extensive commentary by the translator, Douglas W. Stott. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

The biology of race has a long and contentious history, particularly in theUnited States. Thus, it should not be surprising that the use of racial and ethnic categories by some biomedical researchers over the past 20 years has occasioned heated debate among historical, sociological, anthropological, bioethical, genetic, biomedical and molecular biological circles. Differences between the genetics of populations have generated vastly more controversy than genetic differences among individuals of a particular population (Fujimura, Duster, and Rajagopalan 2008). Contemporary racial categories are (...) largely inherited from Carl von Linné (Linnaeus) and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, both of whom were dedicated to the .. (shrink)

Ausgehend von einer Analyse des "Begründungsstreits", der in den letzten Jahren im Anschluß an H. Alberts Kritik des methodischen Prinzips der Begründung v.a. in der deutschen Philosophie geführt worden ist, werden zunächst die Positionen von K. O. Apel und J. Habermas einer immanenten methodischen Kritik unterzogen. Beide Programme erweisen sich als undurchführbar. Ausgehend von einer Präzisierung des Begriffes "Begründung" wird durch systematische Einführung begründungstheoretischer Termini ein begriffsiches Instrumentarium vorgeschlagen, das eine Rekonstruktion von Begründungssituationen erlauben soll. Mit seiner Hilfe werden die (...) im "Münchhausen-Trilemma" unterstellten Begründungssituationen genauer analysiert. Das "Münchhausen-Trilemma" wird als Argumentation für eine konstruktivistische und gegen eine reduktivistische Begründungskonzeption gewertet. (shrink)

Das Buch bietet einen systematischen Gesamtentwurf der Allgemeinen Ethik und damit für den interessierten Leser einen Zugang zu den wichtigsten Fragestellungen der Disziplin Ethik. Dazu werden im Anschluß an eine systematische und historische Einleitung propädeutische Fragen behandelt und die bekannten drei Paradigmen ethischer Reflexion (Tugendethik, Nutzenethik und Verpflichtungsethik) in Orientierung an den klassischen Texten dargestellt. Darauf aufbauend wird die mögliche Komplementarität dieser Paradigmen im Sinne eines Filtermodells sukzessiver ethischer Urteilsbildung entwickelt. Das Buch zeigt, ausgehend von den sprachphilosophischen und wissenschaftsphilosophischen Arbeiten (...) der Erlanger Schule, darüber hinaus, daß moralische Verpflichtungen und Berechtigungen mit ihren unterschiedlichen Graden von Verbindlichkeit ohne starke "realistische" und wertphilosophische Unterstellungen rekonstruiert werden können. (shrink)

Dieses Buch ist eine Open Access Publikation.Der lange gehegte Traum von künstlicher Intelligenz wird in unserer Alltagswelt zunehmend Realität. Damit verbinden sich hohe gesellschaftliche Erwartungen, aber auch Sorgen hinsichtlich einer schleichenden Entmündigung des Menschen. Am Beispiel des Forschungssektors lotet dieser Band die Optionen, Entwicklungschancen und Risiken von KI-Techniken für die Zukunft des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisprozesses und der darauf beruhenden technischen Entwicklungen aus. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst der Stand der KI-Technik und ihrer Anwendungen dargestellt. Es folgen wissenschaftsphilosophische Untersuchungen zur Frage der (...) Ersetzbarkeit des forschenden Menschen durch KI und zu erwartenden Veränderungen in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Weitere Abschnitte widmen sich den Folgen für die Arbeitswelt von Forschern/Forscherinnen sowie den durch KI erzeugten neuen Herausforderungen für die rechtliche Regulierung im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaftsfreiheit und Datenschutz. Der Band schließt mit Empfehlungen für die verantwortlichen Akteure in Wissenschaft, Forschungspolitik und Gesellschaft aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive. (shrink)

Meier’s Gedancken von dem Zustande der Seele nach dem Tode (Gedancken) deserves a prominent place among treatments of the immortality of the soul in 18th century German philosophy, both within and without the Wolffian tradition of rational psychology. It does not wilt next to Mendelssohn’s Phädon in its quality of expression, and might even be compared with Kant’s discussion in the Paralogisms chapter of his Kritik der reinen Vernunft in terms of the boldness of its argument and its philosophical rigour. (...) The Gedancken contributed greatly to Meier’s growing reputation as an original thinker and helped him emerge from the shadow of his famous colleague in the philosophy faculty at the Friedrichs-Universität in Halle, Christian Wolff; moreover, it provoked detailed responses on the part of its critics and even made Meier himself the subject of official investigation as an accused aider and abettor of freethinkers. Meier’s Gedancken thus stands as a work of central importance within his own philosophical corpus and in the history of 18th century German rational psychology more generally. Accordingly, in this Introductory Essay, I will present the context and argument, as well as the reception, of the Gedancken, and then consider Meier’s subsequent defense of his controversial text. (shrink)

Schieche, W. Daten zum Leben von Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling.--Schulz, W. Freiheit und Geschichte in Schellings Philosophie.--Jacobs, W. G. Schellings Anfänge zwischen Orthodoxie und Revolution.--Benz, E. Schellings schwäbische Geistesahnen.

Mit Descartes' 'Meditationen' setzt eine neue Epoche der Philosophie ein: ohne sie keine 'Kritik der reinen Vernunft', keine 'Wissenschaftslehre' und keine 'Phänomenologie des Geistes'. F.-W. v. Herrmann liest die 'Meditationen' mit phänomenologischem Blick und unter Beachtung der ihnen eigentümlichen Grundhaltung der 'Cartesianischen Epoché': als Grundlegung einer Metaphysik des Selbstbewusstseins aus dem Selbstbewusstsein. Er stellt die Lektüre der sechs Meditationen unter den Leitgedanken der Endlichkeit des Selbstbewusstseins und des Problems der Transzendenz. Denn das endliche Selbstbewusstsein vollzieht sich in einem Gefüge dreifachen (...) Transzendierens. Durch diese Metaphysik des Selbstbewusstseins wird Descartes zum entscheidenden Wegeröffner der großen Metaphysiken der Neuzeit von Spinoza über Leibniz, Kant, Fichte, Schelling bis zu Hegel - und darüber hinaus im 20. Jahrhundert zum Wegbereiter der Transzendentalen Phänomenologie Edmund Husserls. (shrink)

On the History of Modern Philosophy is a key transitional text in the history of European philosophy. In it, F. W. J. Schelling surveys philosophy from Descartes to German Idealism and shows why the Idealist project is ultimately doomed to failure. The lectures trace the path of philosophy from Descartes through Spinoza, Leibniz, Kant, Fichte, Jacobi, to Hegel and Schelling's own work. The extensive critiques of Hegel prefigure many of the arguments to be found in Feuerbach, Kierkegaard, Marx, Nietzsche, Heidegger, (...) and Derrida. This is the first English translation of On the History of Modern Philosophy. In his introduction Andrew Bowie sets the work in the context of Schelling's career and clarifies its philosophical issues. The translation will be of special interest to philosophers, intellectual historians, literary theorists, and theologians. (shrink)

This is the first translation into English of an important early work of the German idealist philosopher F.W.J. Schelling. Philosophy and Religion (1804) is considered a precursor to his major work on freedom, his Philosophical Inquiries into the Nature of Human Freedom (1809). In Philosophy and Religion, Schelling raises the question of how philosophy can come to terms with the failure of approaching the highest principle of being, the Absolute (or God), rationally. He argues that the only possibility of recognizing (...) the Absolute lies in intellectual intuition, which goes beyond presentiment or religious intuition. For Schelling, it is the task of philosophy to lead the soul towards the intuition of the Infinite: "All philosophy begins . . . with an animated idea of the Absolute." In recent years, Schelling's philosophical ideas have been adopted by contemporary thinkers such as the Slovenian philosopher and psychoanalytic theorist Slavoj Žižek and the French theorist of "Non- Philosophy," François Laruelle. (shrink)

In 1810, after establishing a reputation as Europe's most prolific philosopher, F. W. J. Schelling embarked on his most ambitious project, The Ages of the World. For over a decade he produced multiple drafts of the work before finally conceding its failure, a "failure" in which Heidegger, Jaspers, Voegelin, and many others have discerned a pivotal moment in the history of philosophy. Slavoj Zizek calls this text the "vanishing mediator," the project that, even while withheld and concealed from view, connects (...) the epoch of classical metaphysics that stretches from Plato to Hegel with the post-metaphysical thinking that began with Marx and Kierkegaard. Although drafts of the second and third versions from 1813 and 1815 have long been available in English, this translation by Joseph P. Lawrence is the first of the initial 1811 text. In his introductory essay, Lawrence argues for the importance of this first version of the work as the one that reveals the full sweep of Schelling's intended project, and he explains its significance for concerns in modern science, history, and religion. (shrink)