Aby Warburg es la oculta figura creadora de los estudios de iconología. Personaje indiscutido, ha sido retomado en los últimos años a partir de la reedición de sus obras y de numerosos estudios que posicionan su figura intelectual y los impactos que tuvo su método de aproximación a las imágenes, específicamente aquellos que hablaban del renacimiento del paganismo. Conceptos como pathosformeln, sobrevivencias de la antigüedad, accesorios en movimiento y el análisis histórico, psicológico y contextual de la producción cultural de las (...) imágenes, son hoy característicos de una todavía novedosa manera de entender el estudio de la iconología. Aby Warburg is the hidden figure that created the study of the iconology. This remarkable character has been taken up again, because of the new editions of her works and numerous studies, which positioned her intellectual figure and all the impacts that her method of approximation to images had, specifically those that talked about the renaissance of paganism. Concepts like pathosformel, the survivals of the antiquity, movement accessories and the analysis of the history, psychology and context of the production of images culture, are today characteristic of a still new way to understand the iconologist word. (shrink)

Filosofía y antropología: interconexiones reúne ensayos en donde ambas disciplinas dialogan sobre cuatro campos vertebrales: conocimiento, lenguaje, política-poder y cultura. Respecto al conocimiento, se articulan las relaciones históricas, sus hermenéuticas y problemas éticos comunes. -/- A propósito del lenguaje, se aborda la construcción simbólica de los artefactos, la pragmática y las implicaciones lógicas en la práctica antropológica. Sobre el poder, se muestran los problemas sobre el pluralismo político, el mal, las feminidades y la transexualidad. En torno a la cultura, se (...) desarrolla la relación entre la arqueología y la estética de la imagen, el sujeto postmetafísico y, finalmente, la revolución y confrontación de la fenomenología en filosofía y antropología. Todos estos temas, recurrentes y emergentes para la antropología, se enriquecen a la luz de los planteamientos filosóficos. -/- El título de este libro busca hacer evidente la relación (las interconexiones) entre dos regímenes de sentido, disciplinas, ciencias, formaciones discursivas y hasta tradiciones académicas que, si bien se distinguen, comparten, no obstante, una zona limítrofe llena de coincidencias. La mayoría de los ensayos aquí reunidos hacen hincapié en la ínter, trans o multidisciplina, en pos de sostener, ilustrar o justificar las interconexiones entre la antropología y la filosofía. -/- El presente volumen resalta estas interconexiones en cuatro áreas específicas: conocimiento, lenguaje, poder y cultura. Destacan tres tipos de interacción posible: 1) respecto de los objetos de estudio; 2) a propósito de los métodos de investigación; y, finalmente, 3) en lo que toca a las diferencias en términos institucionales, donde cada disciplina se distinguiría por el tipo de agregados sociales de profesionales que la integran. (shrink)

O presente artigo trata de abordar a temática da busca de identidade do profissional da Educação Infantil no Brasil, fazendo um contraponto com a concepção de Educação de Paulo Freire e com a concepção de “Direito à Educação”. Analisa a luta pela Educação Infantil efetivada pelos movimentos sociais e educacionais do país. Destaca a integração da Educação Infantil e as contradições de compreensão da reorganização da Escola e do espaço pedagógico em vista do protagonismo da Criança como sujeito de Direitos (...) e da Infância como tempo e identidade de formação humana. (shrink)

Nuestro tiempo se caracteriza por un fuerte subjetivismo valórico que posibilita a cada uno apreciar realidades de distinta forma. Mishima, a través de su obra literaria, acoge al mal, al sufrimiento, al dolor y a la muerte como valores que expresan lo bello.

ANDREO, Igor Luis. Teologia da libertação e cultura política maia chiapaneca: O Congresso Indígena de 1974 e as raízes do Exército Zapatista de Libertação Nacional. São Paulo: Alameda, 2013, 313p. ISBN: 978 85 7216 618-8.

Cet article aborde le contexte socio-politique et culturel actuel dans lequel se développe la théologie de la libération. Ainsi, en analysant le rapport au marxisme de certains théologiens de la libération (tels que Leonardo Boff, Enrique Dussel et Franz Hinkelammert), il mettra en évidence la place qu’il occupe aujourd’hui dans ce courant de pensée.

Max Horkheimer’s intellectual project, known as critical Theory, was crucial to revealing the contradictions and illusions of capitalist modernity. There is no doubt that the contributions from the Frankfurt School continue to be necessary for a critique of the destructive dynamic of the formation of social hegemony: instrumental rationality, cultural industry, a deepening of social antagonisms, the self-destruction of the Enlightenment, the pedagogy of oppression, amongst other things. However, since the decolonial turn, it is possible to observe some limits of (...) its critique of modernity. The object of this article is to point out some geo-political limitations of the Frankfurt School. (shrink)

En este texto, presento a Lamarck, como un autor que debe ser considerado, no solo como uno de fundadores de la biología, sino uno de los precursores del positivismo. Se examinarán nociones de “fuerza vital”, organización, “plan de la naturaleza”, “sentimiento interior” y hábito, pilares de su teoría de la transformación. Esta teoría fusiona el determinismo inherente al “plan de la naturaleza” (PN) con el papel más flexible del “sentimiento interior” (SI) y el hábito en la modificación. Es así como, (...) Lamarck defendió un holismo materialista que justifica la imagen de una naturaleza que, al organizar la materia, da lugar a la generación espontánea de seres vivos simples que a lo largo del tiempo se transforman incrementando los grados de organización, culminando con la aparición del hombre. Idea que Comte extrapoló para justificar un progreso social atado a la aparición de las ciencias positivas. Este trabajo también evalúa la crítica de Comte a Lamarck acerca del papel del medioambiente, cuyo potencial de cambio estaría limitado por “la existencia de “obstáculos interiores” a la modificación, superados en los humanos mediante la emergencia de la sociedad. Ambos autores estuvieron influenciados por François Quesnay, quien propugnaba una sociedad regida por una ética basada en una ley natural biológica. Pero, mientras Lamarck anticipaba el riesgo de la autoextinción humana, Comte consideraba que el verdadero progreso se lograría al convertir esa ley natural en fundamento de una nueva religión secular. (shrink)

This paper defends an internalist perspective of selection based on the hypothesis that considers living evolutionary units as Maxwell's demons (MD) or Zurek's Information Gathering and Using Systems (IGUS). Individuals are considered as IGUS that extract work by means of measuring and recording processes. Interactions or measurements convert uncertainty about the environment (Shannon's information, H) into internalized information in the form of a compressed record (Chaitin's algorithmic complexity, K). The requirements of the model and the limitations inherent to its formalization (...) are discussed. This approach offers an alternative view to the causes of evolutionary variations which goes beyond the classical Lamarckian-Darwinian controversy. I argue that random variations only apply near-to-equilibrium at the time organisms have attained structural closure, and that a speed up of mutation rates that facilitates the production of directed variations occurs far-from-equilibrium due to organisms' openness to the surrounding conditions. However, real organisms are located somewhere between the above two cases and thus, operate at an intermediate stage where there is a maximum efficiency of H/K conversion. In consequence, IGUS keep their autonomy and evolving capacity by compromising between external circumstances and inner constraints. This compromise is made possible by closure regulation. Likewise, this model explains why nature has favored the selection of agents capable of selectively recording a partial description of their environment. (shrink)

This is not merely a theoretical problem, as Fernandes relates it to the very current crisis of nativist/multicultural identity in the West.

Translating and validating measurement instruments in sport and exercise psychology is not an easy task. Rather, it is a task that requires effort and time, for the process is not limited to a simple translation to translate words from one language to another, just in order to make valid and reliable measure. All researchers should be aware that the only proper way is to adopt rigorous and robust methodologies to conduct the process from the preliminary stage of translation to reaching (...) the validation stage of the psychological variable. Only so is it possible to avoid creating fragile and inadequate psychological assessment instruments that can jeopardize the entire investigation to be held with its use. Thus, the main objective of this work is to promote reflection and discussion on the subject by presenting some considerations and recommendations about translation and validation of questionnaires for psychological assessment applied to sport and exercise domain. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to examine two hypothetical models: one in which job satisfaction acts as a mediator of the effects of overqualification on turnover intention and performance, and another in which job satisfaction acts as a mediator of the effects of overqualification on performance. Data were collected from 318 call center employees in Portugal. The relationships were tested using a multiple regression hierarchy with PROCESS. As hypothesized, job satisfaction mediates the relationship between overqualification and turnover intentions. It (...) appears that overqualification alone does not influence intention to quit, but rather does so via satisfaction. Job satisfaction also mediates the relationship between overqualification and job performance. However, perceptions of non-growth appear to be associated with a decline in contextual performance. The effects of overqualification on turnover intentions and job performance of call center employees have not been previously studied. Therefore, this study aims to fill this gap. Our study joins the small number of studies that analyze the mechanisms explaining the relationship between this mismatch between job demands and employees' perceived education, skills, experience, and work outcomes. (shrink)

En este artículo defendemos la necesidad de reformular los conceptos de constreñimiento del desarrollo y variación considerando trabajos empíricos y teóricos recientes, principalmente sobre genes Hox, estado filotípico y morfogénesis. Argumentamos que la noción de variación isotrópica e ilimitada asociada con las teorías darwinianas y neodarwinianas deben ser reconsideradas a la luz de los aportes recientes de la biología del desarrollo. En esta visión, la variación estaría constreñida y sesgada. Esta reforma del concepto de variación coincide con la reformulación del (...) de constreñimiento, los cuales serían entendidos como un factor causal positivo en la evolución, en contraposición a como suelen ser entendidos en biología. (shrink)

Entre os traços mais salientes da cultura e da política contemporâneas, encontra-se o mérito conferido às novas doutrinas, não só no âmbito da interpretação do mundo e da vida, mas também, e fundamentalmente, nos domínios da transformação das sociedades e do quotidiano. Acreditava-se que as ideias faziam a história, que o pensamento, ao assomar à condição de consciência efectiva da natureza e da invenção comuns, elucidava os tempos e se metamorfoseava em programa da acção pertinente. As conce...

Face ao papel central que as revistas desempenharam nas transformações culturais e na criação de movimentos doutrinários e cívicos, entre o final do século XIX e o final do século XX, procura--se caracterizar esta modalidade de imprensa a partir dos traços distintivos que lhe permitiram unir, segundo diferentes propósitos e modalidades, pensamento e actualidade.

Ao oscilarem entre a noção ética de bem comum e o conceito político de interesse público, as representações da república firmam-se em considerações simultaneamente axiológicas e de institucionalização da soberania popular.Pretende-se, com este artigo, proceder à compreensão do pensamento de Teófilo Braga, tanto no que respeita à moralidade que imputou à ordem republicana, quanto no modo como concebeu a relação entre ética e política à luz da doutrinação positivista de que foi incansável interprete e divulgador.

A publicação de De optimo Reipublicae Statu, deque nova insula Utopia, de Thomas More, no final de 1516, está na origem de uma nova modalidade de discurso político. Ao unir a represen­tação racional e a descrição imaginária da comunidade desejável de forma indissociável, a cons­trução utópica releva tanto do foro filosófico quando do âmbito da elaboração sensível. Pretende-se, em primeiro lugar, caracterizar o conceito de utopia, tal como resulta da narrativa fundadora do género, lida à luz dos seus principais pressupostos. (...) Visa-se, de seguida, captar o olhar sobre a reflexão antiga acerca da cidade racional que More desenvolve. Tenta-se, por fim, confrontar o conceito moderno de utopia com o discurso utópico contemporâneo, tal como surge na segunda metade do século XVIII. (shrink)

In this paper we propose a theoretical model of protein folding and protein evolution in which a polypeptide (sequence/structure) is assumed to behave as a Maxwell Demon or Information Gathering and Using System (IGUS) that performs measurements aiming at the construction of the native structure. Our model proposes that a physical meaning to Shannon information (H) and Chaitin's algorithmic information (K) parameters can be both defined and referred from the IGUS standpoint. Our hypothesis accounts for the interdependence of protein folding (...) and protein evolution through mutual influencing relationships mediated by the IGUS. In brief, IGUS activity in protein folding determines long term tendencies that emerge at the evolutionary time-scale.Thus, protein evolution is a consequence of measurements executed by proteins at the cellular level, where the IGUS imposes a tendency to attain a highly unique stable native form that promotes the updating of the information content. The folding kinetics observed is, thus, the outcome of an evolutionary process where the polypeptide-IGUS drives the evolution of its linear sequence. Finally, we describe protein evolution as an entropic process that tends to increase the content of mutual algorithmic information between the sequence and the structure. This model enables one: 1. To comprehend that full determination of the three-dimensional structure by the linear sequence is a tendency where satisfaction is only possible at thermodynamic equilibrium .2. To account for the observed randomness of the amino acid sequences. 3. To predict an alternation of periods of selection and neutral diffusion during protein evolutionary time. (shrink)

Resumen La sociología de lo religioso se encarga de buscar los signos y los símbolos que se encuentran en constante pulsión en la realidad social. Su tarea consiste en explicar las diversas manifestaciones y dinámicas del fenómeno religioso que se expresan a través de las prácticas sociales y cómo dicho fenómeno está participando en la construcción y en la transformación de los distintos discursos . La religión, el lenguaje y la visión de mundo no escapan a los conflictos políticos, sociales (...) y culturales. En ese sentido proponemos un análisis del discurso profético del movimiento neo-zapatista y sus características globales en relación a la construcción de una sociedad más democrática, justa e igualitaria. El Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional es un referente importante dentro de los movimientos anti-sistémicos no sólo por sus planteamientos sociales y políticos sino por sus referencias simbólicas, utópicas, mesiánicas y milenaristas de ahí que sea necesario realizar una hermenéutica profunda de sus imágenes proféticas: lenguaje y performance . Palabras clave: modernidad; consciencia planetaria; emancipación; religiosidad Resumo A sociologia da Religião se encarrega de buscar os signos e símbolos que se encontram em constante pulsão na realidade social. Sua tarefa consiste em explicar as diversas manifestações e dinâmicas do fenômeno religioso que se expressam através de práticas sociais e como tal fenômeno está participando na construção e transformação dos distintos discursos. A religião, a linguagem e a visão do mundo não escapam dos conflitos políticos, sociais e culturais. Nesse sentido propomos uma análise do discurso profético do movimento neo-zapatista e suas características globais em relação à construção de uma sociedade mas democrática, justa e igualitária. O Éxercito Zapatista de Libertação Nacional é um referente importante dentro dos movimentos anti-sistêmicos não somente por seus planejamentos sociais e políticos senão por suas referências simbólicas, utópicas, messiânicas e milenaristas portanto, é necessário realizar uma hermenêutica profunda de suas imagens proféticas: linguagem e performance . Palavras-chave : modernidade; consciência planetária; emancipaç ã o; religiosidade.The main task of religious sociology is to look at signs and symbols that are in constant pulsation with social reality. The primary task of the above consists primarily of explaining diverse and dynamic manifestations of religious phenomena which are expressed through social practices and how such phenomena participate in the construction and transformation of the different political and cultural discourses. Religion, language and world-vision do not escape from political, social and cultural conflicts. It is in this sense that we propose an analysis of the global neo-Zapatista prophetic discourse and its global characteristics in regards to the construction of a more democratic society, righteous and egalitarian. The Zapatista Army of National Liberation is an important referring within the anti-systemic movements not only its social and political expositions but also their symbolic, utopian, messianic and millenaries references; it is necessary to realize a deep hermeneutic of his prophetic images: language and performance. Key words : modernity, global consciousness, emancipation, religiousness. (shrink)

La ampulosidad que caracteriza los nombres de los trabajos filosóficos de nuestra época está ausente en el libro Esperanza y Utopía. Ernst Bloch desde América Latina; acertado título que recoge seis artículos de estudiosos de la obra del filósofo de Ludwigshafen. Título además programático que nos introduce convenientemente a lo que pretenden sus páginas: una visita al pensamiento del autor del Principio Esperanza desde la óptica latinoamericana. Se abre el libro con un prólogo de Michael Löwy, gran conocedor de la (...) filosofía del último judaísmo alemán, a la que ha dedicado varios libros. El profesor francés, además de narrar la forma en que conoció al viejo Bloch en Tubinga, ve en la obra de este pensador un intento de explorar filosóficamente el territorio ignoto del futuro. Sin embargo, contra una futurología ilustrada que intentaba predecir el curso de los acontecimientos históricos como un progreso constante hacia el bien y la felicidad, de un lado, y contra la ciencia ficción que se imagina estados ora ideales ora catastróficos por venir, por otro, Bloch viaja al pasado para descubrir, en la historia de la humanidad, los signos de las nobles esperanzas de una vida mejor. Descubrir el futuro en el pasado a través de las “promesas no cumplidas”2, es el gran mérito de su obra, según Löwy. (shrink)

This paper advances the idea that Oswald de Andrade's Anthropophagy, formulated for the first time in 1928, can be read as a decolonial project avant la lettre. In order to establish this thesis, we will reconstruct the project of the Brazilian thinker through a detailed analysis of the first aphorism of his Manifesto Antropófago (Anthropophagist Manifesto). We will argue that, similarly to what will be later articulated by the decolonial approach, Andrade indicates: (i) that the cultural and economic (...) dimensions of colonialism are entangled ramifications of a larger structure of domination; (ii) that capitalism is an aspect of this larger structure; and (iii) that it is necessary to articulate a third political path irreducible to both capitalism and communism. Anthropophagy would thus function not only as the evident metaphor of cultural appropriation, but also as a diagnosis of the colonial domination and as a therapeutic to face it within a decolonial project. (shrink)

Menéndez y Pelayo. -- Juan Maragall. -- Juan Luis Vives. -- San Juan de la Cruz. -- Ricardo León.

Tres filósofos catalanes: Joaquín Xirau. Eduardo Nicol. José Ferrater Mora.--La herencia de Ortega y Gasset: José Gaos. Luis Recaséns Siches. Manuel Granell. Francisco Ayala. María Zambrano.--Dos filósofos independientes: Juan D. García Bacca. Eugenio Imaz.--Panorama general de la filosofía española en América.

El criterio estético / Eugenio Trías / - Presente y futuro del arte / José Jiménez / - Hacia una estética de las nuevas tecnologías / José Luis Molinuevo / - La diferencia estética en al fuente y otras distracciones de Mr. Mutt / Simón Marchán Fiz / - El estatuto de la crítica de arte / Román de la Calle / - De la tabula rasa al negro infinito. Arte y absoluto / Fernando R. de la Flor (...) / - El tiempo suspendido. Fotografía y narración / Alberto Martín Expósito / - Diálogo de libros / Fernando R. Lafuente / - Experiencias morales en literatura / María Teresa López de la Vieja / - La experiencia de la poesía o el lirismo en su historicidad / - Sobre la inutilidad de la poesía / César Antonio Molina. (shrink)

This article examines four characters from the novel Hombres by Eugenio González in order to reveal the identities of those people who were an inspiration for the narrator to shape the fiction in novel. Since Hombres is placed temporarily in Carlos Ibáñez’s dictatorship, the narrator decides to hide the poet Gómez Rojas, the union leader Luis Triviño, Dr. Juan Gandulfo and the lawyer Carlos Vicuña between the pages of the book. This narrative procedure keeps these people’s identities safe; (...) considering that, making these names and activities evident would have represented a problem for the state security apparatus. (shrink)

"Attention and Implicit Learning "provides a comprehensive overview of the research conducted in this area. The book is conceived as a multidisciplinary forum of discussion on the question of whether implicit learning may be depicted as a process that runs independently of attention. The volume also deals with the complementary question of whether implicit learning affects the dynamics of attention, and it addresses these questions from perspectives that range from functional to neuroscientific and computational approaches. The view of implicit learning (...) that arises from these pages is not that of a mysterious faculty, but rather that of an elementary ability of the cognitive systems to extract the structure of their environment as it appears directly through experience, and regardless of any intention to do so. Implicit learning, thus, is taken to be a process that may shape not only our behavior, but also our representations of the world, our attentional functions, and even our conscious experience. (Series B). (shrink)

En uno de los ataques más reiterados a Darwin, que todavía subsiste en la literatura actual, se señala que la teoría de la selección natural es tautológica, analítica o, al menos, irrefutable. En docenas de artículos, diversos autores han señalado las condiciones en que la selección natural quedaría refutada, intentando mostrar que no carece de contenido empírico. La estrategia seguida en este trabajo será otra. Teniendo en cuenta que la crítica de tautologicidad o irrefutabilidad ha sido esgrimida contra leyes fundamentales (...) de otras teorías, insertaré la discusión en un marco metateórico más amplio. Para discutir el estatus del segundo principio de la mecánica clásica, Moulines introduce el concepto de "principio guía". Los principios guía no serían contrastables directamente, sino a través de especializaciones. Desde mi punto de vista, considerar a la selección natural como principio guía permitiría explicar por qué muchos la han considerado tautológica y cómo esto no implica vacuidad. One of the most repeated objections to Darwin, still present in contemporary literature, outlines that theory of natural selection is tautological, analytical or at least irrefutable. There are many authors that point out the conditions in which natural selection would be refuted, trying to prove that it doesn't lack of empirical content. This essay will work on a different strategy. Taking into account that tautological or irrefutable criticism has been put forward against other theories' fundamental laws; I will insert the argumentation in a wider theoretical frame. To argue about the status of the second principle about classic mechanical Moulines introduces the 'guiding principle' concept. The guiding principles wouldn't be directly contrastable. The only way in which they could be contrastable would be through special laws. From my point of view natural selection, considered as the guiding principle, would explain why many thinkers had considered it a tautology and how this does not imply vacuity. (shrink)

In this unique book, leading legal scholars and philosophers provide a breadth of perspectives and inspire stimulating debate around the transformations of jurisprudence in a globalized world. Traditionally the central debates surrounding jurisprudence and legal theory are concerned with the elucidation of the particularities of state-law. This innovative book considers that this orthodox picture may no longer be tenable, given the increasing standardization of technologies, systems and information worldwide.Split across four thematic parts, this timely book provides a broad overview of (...) the topic, followed by in depth analyses investigating the modifications to jurisprudence's methodological approaches driven by globalization, the concepts and theoretical tools required to account for putative new forms of legal phenomena, and normative issues relating to the legitimacy and democratic character of these legal orders. Chapters cover legal encounters with alterity in a post-monist mode, normative legal pluralism, relating law and power in a historical global context, cosmopolitan legitimacy and human rights and dignity in a corporate world.Jurisprudence in a Globalized World will be a key resource for students and scholars working in global transnational law, public international law and legal theory and philosophy. (shrink)