In this paper we analyze some aspects of the question of using methods from model theory to study structures of functional analysis.By a well known result of P. Lindström, one cannot extend the expressive power of first order logic and yet preserve its most outstanding model theoretic characteristics (e.g., compactness and the Löwenheim-Skolem theorem). However, one may consider extending the scope of first order in a different sense, specifically, by expanding the class of structures that are regarded as models (e.g., (...) including Banach algebras or other structures of functional analysis), and ask whether the resulting extensions of first order model theory preserve some of its desirable characteristics.A formal framework for the study of structures based on Banach spaces from the perspective of model theory was first introduced by C. W. Henson in [8] and [6]. Notions of syntax and semantics for these structures were defined, and it was shown that using them one obtains a model theoretic apparatus that satisfies many of the fundamental properties of first order model theory. For instance, one has compactness, Löwenheim-Skolem, and omitting types theorems. Further aspects of the theory, namely, the fundamentals of stability and forking, were first introduced in [10] and [9].The classes of mathematical structures formally encompassed by this framework are normed linear spaces, possibly expanded with additional structure,e.g., operations, real-valued relations, and constants. This notion subsumes wide classes of structures from functional analysis. However, the restriction that the universe of a structure be a normed space is not necessary. (This restriction has a historical, rather than technical origin; specifically, the development of the theory was originally motivated by questions in Banach space geometry.) Analogous techniques can be applied if the universe is a metric space. Now, when the underlying metric topology is discrete, the resulting model theory coincides with first order model theory, so this logic extends first order in the sense described above. Furthermore, without any cost in the mathematical complexity, one can also work in multi-sorted contexts, so, for instance, one sort could be an operator algebra while another is. say, a metric space. (shrink)

We introduce the concepts of Morley rank and Morley degree for structures based on Banach spaces. We characterize ω-stability in terms of Morley rank, and prove the existence of prime models for ω-stable theories.

We study connections between asymptotic structure in a Banach space and model theoretic properties of the space. We show that, in an asymptotic sense, a sequence $$ in a Banach space X generates copies of one of the classical sequence spaces $\ell_p$ or $c_0$ inside X if and only if the quantifier-free types approximated by $$ inside X are quantifier-free definable. More precisely, if $$ is a bounded sequence X such that no normalized sequence of blocks of $$ converges, then (...) the following two conditions are equivalent. There exists a sequence $$ of blocks of $$ such that for every finite dimensional subspace E of X, every quantifier-free type over $E +\overline{\rm span}\{y_n\mid n\in \mathbb{N}\}$ is quantifier-free definable. One of the following two conditions holds: there exists $1\le p 0$ and every finite dimensional subspace E of X there exists a sequence of blocks of $$ which is $$-equivalent over E to the standard unit basis of $\ell_p$; for every $\epsilon>0$ and every finite dimensional subspace E of X there exists a sequence of blocks of $$ which is $$-equivalent over E to the standard unit basis of $c_0$. Several byproducts of the proof are analyzed. (shrink)

The role played by real-valued functions in functional analysis is fundamental. One often considers metrics, or seminorms, or linear functionals, to mention some important examples. We introduce the notion of definable real-valued function in functional analysis: a real-valued function f defined on a structure of functional analysis is definable if it can be "approximated" by formulas which do not involve f. We characterize definability of real-valued functions in terms of a purely topological condition which does not involve logic.

We show that a formula φ(x, y) is stable if and only if φ is the pairing map on the unit ball of E x E * , where E is a reflexive Banach space. The result remains true if the formula φ is replaced by a set of formulas $p(\bar{x},\bar{y})$.

We present a self-contained exposition of the basic aspects of simple theories while developing the fundamentals of forking calculus. We expound also the deeper aspects of S. Shelah's 1980 paper Simple unstable theories. The concept of weak dividing has been replaced with that of forking. The exposition is from a contemporary perspective and takes into account contributions due to S. Buechler, E. Hrushovski, B. Kim, O. Lessmann, S. Shelah and A. Pillay.

We study a class of [0,1][0,1]-valued logics. The main result of the paper is a maximality theorem that characterizes these logics in terms of a model-theoretic property, namely, an extension of the omitting types theorem to uncountable languages.

We present a framework for model theoretic forcing in a non first order context, and present some applications of this framework to Banach space theory.

Given a convergence theorem in analysis, under very general conditions a model-theoretic compactness argument implies that there is a uniform bound on the rate of metastability. We illustrate with three examples from ergodic theory.

Este artículo presenta una reflexión política acerca del VIH-sida, estructurada en cuatro momentos: primero, una aproximación a las políticas de la vida donde se devela el actuar de la necropolítica, el biopoder, la biopolítica y biolegitimidad en relación con el VIH-sida; segundo, se aborda una antropología política del cuerpo, la cual advierte las distintas formas de poder, violencia y verdad que experimentan las personas que viven con VIH-sida; tercero, un acercamiento al modo en que se reproduce una economía moral del (...) castigo, donde se articulan elementos normativos, médico-sanitarios, de la vida, el cuerpo y la sociedad; cuarto, se propone repolitizar el VIH-sida, a fin de brindar insumos que permitan construir un orden social diferente para las personas que viven con dicha realidad. (shrink)

Stakeholder theory has largely been anthropocentric in its focus on human actors and interests, failing to recognise the impact of nonhumans in business and organisations. This leads to an incomplete understanding of organisational contexts that include key relationships with nonhuman animals. In addition, the limited scholarly attention paid to nonhumans as stakeholders has mostly been conceptual to date. Therefore, we develop a stakeholder theory with animals illustrated through two ethnographic case studies: an animal shelter and Nordic husky businesses. We focus (...) our feminist reading of Driscoll and Starik’s (J Bus Ethics 49:55–73, 2004) stakeholder attributes for nonhumans and extend this to include affective salience built on embodied affectivity and knowledge, memories, action and care. Findings reveal that nonhuman animals are important actors in practice, affecting organisational operations through human–animal care relationships. In addition to confirming animals are stakeholders, we further contribute to stakeholder theory by offering ways to better listen to nontraditional actors. (shrink)

In this paper I intend to examine the notion of intermediate in Plato´s dialogues, especially Theaetetus and Symposium. In the first section, I investigate previously in Theaetetus the notion of to metaxy as the result of mixture between percipient and perceived, by which the realm of phenomenon can be explained by the third genre, identified as to metaxy, born from a certain kind of dynamis. In the second section, I examine the mentioned notion s Symposium, expressed by Diotima of Mantineia (...) on her encomium of Eros as daimon. My purpose in this last section is to demonstrate that the apprehension of Form of Beauty itself requires a new hermeneutic approach, which I call cultual hermeneutic, by which Plato conceives an inherent link between mythical and rational conceptions of Ideas. (shrink)

Court rulings are among the most important documents in all legal systems. This article describes a study in which natural language processing is used for the automatic characterization of Spanish judgments that deal with the physical custody (joint or individual) of minors. The model was trained to identify a set of elements: the type of custody requested by the plaintiff, the type of custody decided on by the court, and eight of the most commonly used arguments in this type of (...) judgment. Two jurists independently annotated more than 3000 judgments, which were used to train a model based on transformers. The main difficulties encountered in this task were the complexity of the judicial language and the need to work with appellate court rulings that have a more complicated structure than decisions at first instance. For the complete court rulings, the F1 score of the inter-annotator agreement ranged from 0.60 to 0.86 and the Kappa index from 0.33 to 0.73. The F1 score of the agreement between the model and the annotators ranged from 0.66 to 0.93 and the Kappa index from 0.57 to 0.80. These results in which the model performance exceeds even the inter-annotator agreement show the high ability of transformers to identify abstract entities in legal texts. (shrink)

The article discusses which philosophical tools are indispensable and fundamental for understanding the meaning of technology in modern times. It focuses on the debate about artificial intelligence "replacing thought". It provides philosophical criteria for evaluating the rupture between humanism and technology and possible interpretative and analytical choices about human cognition and the possibility of its duplication by machines. It raises ethical and legal issues in the current debates involving Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy, in the sense of the need to regulate (...) the use of artificial intelligence ethically and legally, considering the human perspective of its use and the impacts on humanity. It ponders whether a philosophy of reconstruction of the world will emerge based on technological standards or whether it will look to the humanist tradition to develop an interpretation, given that relations between humans and machines are still unclear. (shrink)

O presente texto versa sobre as utilizações políticas que a conversão dos grupos indígenas suscitou na fronteira amazônica. A fronteira a que aludimos aqui diz respeito aos rios Marañon, Solimões e Negro, onde os limites das colônias europeias se encontravam. Se por um lado havia o caráter espiritual, em reduzir os indígenas a fé católica, por outro, as conversões foram amplamente utilizadas pelos estados ibéricos para garantir sua zona de influência, além de garantir a supremacia econômica no vale amazônico. E (...) além dos ibéricos, a conversão foi uma política na qual os indígenas se aproveitaram para tirar vantagens da condição de “vassalo do rei”, que o fato de se tornar católico expressava. Desse modo, o presente trabalho dialoga com os estudos de fronteira, sobretudo, com a noção de Missão como instituição de fronteira, além do Protagonismo Indígena, em demonstrar a perspectiva dos grupos nativos, frente ao processo de conversão. (shrink)

My aim in this tentative text is framing political philosophy in the planetary context of Anthropocene. I will explore the political meaning of three non-excluding scenarios (emergencies, transitions and collapse) in order to demand the adequate doses of realism and utopianism to survive as an eco-dependent humanity. The climate emergency implies the acceptance of resilience as a political objective from the starting point of our radical vulnerability. We need a practical political philosophy that makes room for hope.

The purpose of this article is to understand the transition from a constitutionalism of the common – already proposed previously – to the field of cosmotechnical struggles, in the sense that it would no longer be possible to think and constitute a cosmopolitical project except from them. To this end, what is proposed, based on the limits and crises of State and the constitutionalism that accompanies it, seek the construction of cosmopolitical projects through the resizing of constitutionalism, proposing this in (...) the work from the perspective of the common and human rights, it is essential constitute the common beyond the limits of constitutionalism – state-based or not – since the constitution of the common today takes place in a field in dispute over techno-political practices through cosmotechnical struggles and processes of insurrection, against the backdrop of the impacts of globalization neoliberalism and the disruption of the digital age. (shrink)

La observación del cinismo antiguo como precursor filosófico del anarquismo ha sido abordada por un gran número de estudiosos y especialistas de ambos campos. El siguiente trabajo se propone aportar nuevos puntos de vista a la relación cinismo-anarquismo. Nuestro punto de partida es la figura del protocínico Diógenes de Sinope [412-402 /325-321], cuya heterodoxa filosofía, de la que no conservamos escritos, ha sido objeto de ambivalentes recepciones a lo largo de la historia. Veremos por qué ha sido reivindicado como un (...) miembro ilustre de la prehistoria del anarquismo y qué nuevas perspectivas podemos añadir a esos estudios. (shrink)

Algunos estudios se han centrado en las controversias que surgieron hace casi dos décadas cuando se aprobaron los libros de texto de historia revisados, materiales didácticos que fueron de uso muy minoritario en Japón. Teniendo en cuenta este antecedente y desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realiza una investigación de análisis de fuentes documentales con el objetivo de comprender la representación de temas sensibles en los libros de texto de historia de Japón de uso mayoritario en relación con la expansión por (...) el este asiático y la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Para ello, tras seleccionar los libros de texto de historia japonesa de la prefectura de Tokio más utilizados en las escuelas secundarias, se realiza un análisis documental comparativo. Este análisis se estructura en una serie de categorías que incluyen algunos episodios sensibles de la Segunda Guerra Sino-Japonesa y la guerra de Asia-Pacífico. Esta investigación concluye que en los libros de texto de historia japoneses se incluyen contenidos considerados controvertidos desde una perspectiva predominantemente aséptica. (shrink)

This article proposes a method for the semi-automatic extraction of resemblance metaphor terms from a manually annotated corpus of marine biology texts in English and Spanish. The corpus was first searched for target domain terms as well as for lexical markers indicative of metaphors. The combination of these search strategies for metaphor extraction resulted in a set of English-Spanish term pairs. After analysing and comparing these metaphor candidates, a quantitative analysis provided comparative statistical data regarding marine biology metaphor. Finally, the (...) metaphorical nature of marine biology terms was verified in three ways. The first verification strategy entailed an adapted version of the Metaphor Identification Procedure (CitationPragglejaz Group, 2007). The second involved the analysis of contextual data extracted from the corpus, and the third involved the analysis of visual images from an online marine biology database and from the Google search engine. (shrink)

The dialogue Bruno of 1802 is arguably the natural starting point for any investigation on the concepts of finitude, evil and human freedom in Schelling’s middle metaphysics. In this dialogue the author elaborates for the first time in his system a concept of freedom and independence of the finite, which extends via his reformulation in Philosophy and Religion of 1804 to the Freedom Essay of 1809 and beyond to the works of 1810 and 1811 – Stuttgart Private Lectures and The (...) Ages of the World. The central ontological problem of the dialogue relates to the possibility of a separation between the absolute and the world as space of finite beings, which, according to the system of identity first presented in 1801, cannot exist as such. The question we will then address concerns the status of the finite as such and how would it be possible to admit both its existence for consciousness and the positing of an absolute and infinite principle of philosophy. We will show how Schelling’s interest shifts, almost unintentionally, from the infinite principle to the finite as such, as a principle of freedom and self-initiation independent of the real. (shrink)

Este artículo plantea, expone y confronta la dualidad poliana entre dos estatutos del lenguaje como hábito intelectual y como hábito de la razón práctica. Para hacerlo parte de la confrontación entre la filosofía sobre el lenguaje que elabora Polo y la filosofía desde el lenguaje propia de la tradición analítica. Sólo así cabe dar razón de la originalidad de la concepción poliana acerca del lenguaje.

El presente trabajo trata de componer una ontología política, teórica y práctica, que puede considerarse como una aportación al desarrollo de lo que se viene conociendo, desde hace algún tiempo, como «izquierda heideggeriana» y que no ha expuesto de forma clara ni sus fundamentos ni su viabilidad. Así pues, este intento por establecer dichos fundamentos toma como punto de partida algunos de los existenciarios, que pueden dan lugar a esa deriva política, cuya particularidad es su distanciamiento de toda ideología al (...) uso, por cuanto su horizonte «ontológico» es lo político en tanto que posibilidad de la política, es decir, la correlación pre-ontológica entre el «ser-con» (mit-sein), que es la posibilidad de apertura a la vida en común, y el régimen — si es que ello es posible— que pudiera establecerse a raíz de ello. (shrink)

Desde la Revista “Derechos y Libertades” se nos convoca a dar nuestra opinión sobre los desafíos a los que se enfrenta el actual discurso de los derechos humanos. La cuestión planteada nos remite a la historicidad del propio concepto de derechos humanos, que no puede sustentarse sobre una razón abstracta, sino sobre una concepción evolutiva, diversa e intercultural del ser humano y de la sociedad. Desafíos han existido siempre y son amplios, pero quizá ahora estamos en un momento de importantes (...) cambios tecnológicos y transiciones energéticas, que demandan un enfoque ético, político y jurídico, para poder intervenir sobre los nuevos conflictos sociales que se derivan de su aplicación. (shrink)

Desde 1935 Ortega anunció la publicación de un libro con el título de El hombre y la gente contendría su doctrina sociológica, pero sólo se publicó en 1957 y como la primera de sus obras póstumas. Esta nueva edición incluye el texto, inédito hasta la fecha, de la conferencia pronunciada por Ortega en 1934 a la que había dado el título que hoy lleva este libro, y en la que por primera vez expuso públicamente su idea de los " usos (...) " como realidad constitutiva del hecho social. Por otra parte, el texto va revisado y cotejado conforme a los originales. (shrink)

Can Complexity define a new aesthetics in literature? This is what is at stake in this book which, through system sciences, dynamical neurosciences and non-linear topologies, discloses a reflexive Proustian novel, built according to a homothetic principle.

En aquest article pretenem fer una crítica, des de postulats ètics de caràcter republicà, al mode actual d’entendre i, per tant, posar en pràctica el principi d'autonomia de la bioètica. Pretenem mostrar que, en l’estat actual d’aplicació d'aquest principi, emprant una definició liberal de llibertat i de la natura humana, aquest idea de llibertat i autonomia que es pretén protegir, no es compleix en deixar fora de l’equació tot un seguit de circumstàncies socials, polítiques o econòmiques que poden dificultar al (...) pacient prendre una veritable decisió sobirana sobre quin ha de ser el fet d'actuar dels professionals sanitaris sobre el seu cos en cada cas. (shrink)

El filósofo mexicano Emilio Uranga (1921-1988) es recordado por su Análisis del ser del mexicano (1952) y por su labor como periodista político y asesor de López Mateos, Díaz Ordaz, Echeverría y López Portillo. Es posible tender un puente entre los dos aspectos, gracias a su concepción ontologizante de la Revolución Mexicana, leitmotiv de su producción teórica.

O texto trata da desobediência civil como sendo um direito. Deveras, a desobediência civil é compreendida por Habermas como um dos direitos originários do soberano. O texto reconstrói a objeção de Raz no sentido de que a desobediência civil não é um direito e leva a sério esta objeção, a fim de escrutinar algumas consequências que uma tal formulação poderia acarretar para a teoria da desobediência civil de Habermas. Sustenta-se que a versão de desobediência civil defendida por Habermas é capaz (...) de oferecer uma resposta à objeção de Raz. (shrink)