La técnica de danza colectiva Contact Improvisation surgió hace casi medio siglo en Nueva York como una alteración de los códigos de contacto y de las jerarquías coreográficas; desde las primeras décadas de su desarrollo -ideológico, pedagógico o estético-, se viene produciendo una compleja discusión en torno al género. En este trabajo se analizan las distintas perspectivas del debate que se articulan en lo que se puede considerar la revista fundacional, Contact Quarterly: el cuestionamiento de la masculinidad, las ideas de (...) neutralización y de minimización de lo sexual y varios enfoques feministas entre los que se puede incluir la teoría queer. Más que en la definición de cada una de las posiciones, nos detenemos en la observación crítica de las paradojas, tensiones y puntos de encuentro que se van reflejando en la práctica y van tejiendo una fecunda red discursiva. (shrink)

The attention to ethics has gradually become a concurrent topic of modern companies’ management. In the last years Social Responsibility has become a key issue in the strategic agenda of competitive agriculture cooperatives. However, reputation management has not been a visible strength in the cooperative enterprises. First of all, this work theoretically analyzes the relationship between Social Responsibility and reputation in cooperatives. Later, from a practical point of view, we carry on an empirical analysis focused on the olive oil cooperatives (...) in the south of Spain, in the province of Jaén. With respect to the previous studies on the topic, this work reveals a main reason of interest reinforcing the role of research in addressing real problems of cooperatives. The article points out the characteristics of this kind of agribusiness and shows the importance of the adoption of a responsible orientation in fostering reputation for creating sustainable competitive advantages. (shrink)

In this paper we present an overview, with historical and critical remarks, of two articles by S. Jaśkowski ([20, 21] 1948 and [22, 23] 1949), which contain the oldest known formulation of a paraconsistent logic. Jaśkowski has built the logic – he termed discussive (D2) – by defining two new connectives and by introducing a modal translation map from D2 systems into Lewis’ modal logic S5. Discussive systems, for their formal details and their original philosophical justification, have attracted discrete attention (...) among experts. Indeed, in what follows, after having introduced Jaśkowski methodology of building D2 and his main philosophical motivations for providing such a system, we will explore some of the main contributions to the development of D2. (shrink)

It applies this framework and the new language of theory building to organizational ecology. "There is nothing like this book in the field today.

For decades, a remarkable number of publications have been devoted to the so-called Epistulae ad Caesarem. Most have focused on the question of whether they are authentic or forgeries, and only a few have analysed them as a source for valuable historical evidence. This paper intends to demonstrate that the letters could certainly have been written in the middle of the first century BCE and that Sallust could indeed be the author. The letters, particularly Ep. 2, show that there were (...) alternative political agendas and provide a better understanding of Sallust as a politician and historian, as well as of the political debate surrounding the outbreak of the civil war and Caesar’s rule. (shrink)

Roughly, the Central Dogma of molecular biology states that DNA codes for protein, not the other way around. This principle, which is still heralded as an important element of contemporary biological theory, has received much critical attention since its original formulation by Francis Crick in 1958. Some have argued that the principle should be rejected, on the grounds that it fails to fully capture the ins-and-outs of protein synthesis, while others have argued that the Dogma is predicated on notions of (...) information that are simply implausible. Yet, despite all this criticism, there is much about the Dogma that has not been said. Existing discussions, for example, gloss over the many distinct, logically independent readings of the Central Dogma that have been defended in the philosophical and biological literature, making it difficult to see which dogma is being criticized. Additionally, this oversight makes it unclear what the overall upshot of these discussions should be taken to be. My aim in this paper is to fix this. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to provide a proof-theoretic characterization of relevant logics including fusion and fission connectives, as well as Ackermann’s truth constant. We achieve this by employing the well-established methodology of labelled sequent calculi. After having introduced several systems, we will conduct a detailed proof-theoretic analysis, show a cut-admissibility theorem, and establish soundness and completeness. The paper ends with a discussion that contextualizes our current work within the broader landscape of the proof theory of relevant logics.

This paper challenges the negative attitudes towards labelled proof systems, usually referred to as semantic pollution, by arguing that such critiques overlook the full potential of labelled calculi. The overarching objective is to develop a practice-based philosophical analysis of labelled calculi to provide insightful considerations regarding their proof-theoretic and philosophical value. To achieve this, successful applications of labelled calculi and related results will be showcased, and comparisons with other relevant works will be discussed. The paper ends by advocating for a (...) more practice-based approach towards the philosophical understanding of proof systems and their role in structural proof theory. (shrink)

Resumen El artículo es un estudio de tres concepciones asiáticas de las virtudes, como son las virtudes taoístas, confucianas y budistas. De cada una se presenta el marco general de dicha tradición, la forma de entender las virtudes y el término medio. Así, se destacan en el taoísmo las virtudes de la compasión, la moderación y la humildad. En el confucianismo se estudian las virtudes de la humanidad, la justicia, los ritos, la sabiduría y la honestidad. En el budismo se (...) presentan las virtudes de la bondad amorosa, la compasión, la alegría altruista y la ecuanimidad. En cada una de estas tradiciones hay referencias al justo medio o camino medio. Esta comprensión de las virtudes asiáticas puede permitir una idea más amplia de las virtudes.This paper is a study of three Asian conceptions of virtues, such as the Taoist, Confucian and Buddhist virtues. Each one presents the general framework of every tradition, the way of understanding the virtues and the middle ground. Thus, the virtues of compassion, moderation and humility stand out in Taoism. In Confucianism the virtues of humanity, justice, rites, wisdom and honesty are studied. In Buddhism the virtues of loving-kindness, compassion, altruistic joy, and equanimity are presented. In each one of these traditions there are references to the middle right or middle path. This understanding of the Asian virtues may allow a wider idea of virtues. (shrink)

Asumiendo el marco teórico decolonial, en lo que a las cuestiones de género se refiere, abordaremos una cuestión importante: los imaginarios sexuales que, desde las culturas occidentales, han sido proyectados sobre las alteridades no-occidentales. En ese sentido, hablaremos de “alteridades fantaseadas” y de “colonialidad del deseo” para connotar ciertos procesos de dominación que tienen que ver con la racialización de la sexualidad y con la sexualización de la raza. Pero abordaremos, al mismo tiempo, las críticas que desde los “feminismos otros” (...) han sido lanzadas contra el feminismo hegemónico de cuño occidentalocéntrico, pues éste ha sido en demasiadas ocasiones un discurso cómplice con la subalternización secular de todas las mujeres “no-blancas”, esto es, racializadas. Y esa complicidad ha radicado, precisamente, en la ignorancia y en la incomprensión de la interseccionalidad de género, sexo, raza y clase. (shrink)

RESUMENEn este trabajo se propone una física filosófica de causas como posible respuesta al problema del realismo que plantea la teoría de la ciencia actual. La clave de la respuesta estriba en la inactualidad y potencialidad de lo físico causal.PALABRAS CLAVESMETAFISICA – FISICA DE CAUSAS – REALISMOABSTRACTThe article defends a causal philosophical physics as a posible answer to the problema of realism set up by the current theory of science. The answers lies in the inactuality and potentiality of causal physics.KEYWORDSMETAPHYSICS (...) – CAUSAL PHYSICS – REALISM. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo esbozaremos una reflexión crítica en torno a una cuestión que fue determinante en el devenir trágico de Europa durante las primeras décadas del siglo xx. Nos referimos al nefasto papel que cumplieron determinadas filosofías, vitalistas y neorrománticas, en la gestación de los terribles acontecimientos históricos que todos conocemos. Analizaremos cómo se consolidó, en ciertos universos intelectuales, todo un conjunto de ideas que tenían que ver con la idealización de una vida peligrosa y combativa, con la mistificación (...) del guerrero, con la romantización de la violencia e incluso con la poetización de la guerra. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo intentaremos mostrar que la filosofía de Nietzsche, contrariamente a lo que se ha sostenido en demasiadas ocasiones, es también una filosofía política. Ese pensar político evidenció, por lo demás, un sesgo eminentemente reaccionario y elitista. Cualquier discurso político de signo igualitarista producía en los oídos de Nietzsche una lacerante molestia. Nos hallamos ante un pensador tremendo y profundo que reaccionó con sumo horror ante los hechos de la Comuna de París, aplaudiendo su sangriento aplastamiento. Comprobaremos, por (...) ende, que siempre estuvo al tanto de la coyuntura sociopolítica de su época. Sintió en todo momento un odio visceral —una aversión irreprimible— por la democracia, por los ideales ilustrados, por el movimiento obrero y por el socialismo. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo queremos mostrar que la crítica de Marx al modo de producción capitalista no sucumbió al economicismo, puesto que no solo denunció la explotación económica, explicando los aspectos puramente cuantitativos de la extracción de plusvalía. No fue la suya una crítica meramente econométrica. Marx y Engels, al igual que otros teóricos socialistas y no socialistas, comprendieron y denunciaron la degradación espiritual e incluso la desintegración antropológica padecida por millones de seres humanos, en una sociedad sometida al capital. (...) Marx llegó a considerar que el capitalismo también era responsable del ocaso de las artes. (shrink)

In this paper we wish to show the weakness or, to be more precise, the partiality of certain analyses of neoliberal subjectivity. We will do so since it is usually from their point of view that the labour system which is specific to and typical of a tiny portion of the world population is considered as if it were a hegemonic and all-encompassing system, when the truth is that not even in the countries of the Global North is it the (...) widespread system of the majority. With this theoretical approach, which also takes on Western-centric nuances, the ways of life and labour systems of vast human geographies of the South, which do not all fall within the parameters of this subjectivity, are overshadowed. In this regard, the analyses are correct in their description of neoliberal subjectivity, but they are mistaken when it comes to attributing to it the character of universality. (shrink)

Resumen En el presente trabajo nos acercaremos a las reflexiones aristotélicas sobre lo económico, desde la perspectiva de Karl Polanyi, precisamente porque éste acude al filósofo griego con el ánimo de obtener elementos útiles para construir una profunda crítica de la moderna sociedad de mercado. Aristóteles intuyó el futuro incierto de un orden social devorado por relaciones económicas en hipertrófica expansión. En su época, desde luego, tal amenaza sólo era potencial y jamás vio la culminación efectiva de nada semejante. No (...) obstante, a pesar de ello, fue capaz de visualizar el significado último de lo que estaba en juego, además pudo comprender que un crecimiento desmedido y descontrolado de las relaciones mercantiles acabaría trastocando irremediablemente el equilibrio cívico; entendió que la extensión irrestricta del deseo de ganancia a todos los lazos humanos supondría una potente amenaza contra la médula misma de la comunidad política.This study approaches Aristotelian reflections on economy through the eyes of Karl Polanyi, as he resorts to the Greek philosopher to find useful elements when building a profound criticism of the modern market society. Aristotle intuited the uncertain future of a social order devoured by economic relations expanding at a hypertrophic rate. In his time, indeed, this was only a potential threat -he never saw the effective culmination of anything like what we are seeing today-. But he was nevertheless able to see the ultimate meaning of what was at stake, and to understand that the unmeasured, uncontrolled growth of market relations would irremediably affect the civic balance. He understood that the unrestricted extension of the desire for profit to all human ties would be a powerful threat to the heart of the political community. (shrink)

El reconocimiento constitucional de ciertos derechos colectivos de los pueblos originarios, efectuado en algunas Repúblicas hispanoamericanas que han avanzado en procesos constituyentes hacia un Estado de carácter plurinacional, multiétnico e intercultural, ha conseguido quebrar hasta cierto punto aquella cultura jurídica hegemónica que dominó con su carácter monista durante décadas o, mejor dicho, durante siglos. La legitimación de un derecho consuetudinario indígena, poseedor de una jurisdicción especial y autónoma, esto es, la construcción de un marco dentro del cual estas comunidades tengan (...) «derecho al propio derecho», constituye sin duda un principio importante para romper la persistencia secular de aquella colonialidad jurídica que, primero desde una matriz criolla y después desde una matriz mestiza, negaba toda autonomía judicial a las distintas nacionalidades indígenas. Pero este nuevo horizonte, si bien representa un proyecto eminentemente decolonial en muchos aspectos, no está exento de problemáticas contradicciones. Porque un escenario de radical pluralismo jurídico quebrantaría la posibilidad de establecer un marco común de ciudadanía, y es éste un nudo de conflicto importantísimo. (shrink)

Se examinan los supuestos del liberalismo económico (en sus versiones más puras y extremas), a través de los cuales este divinizó el mercado y lo convirtió en una instanciatotalizadora exenta de toda crítica. El neoliberalismo ha hecho del mercado un locus donde el ser y el deber ser se reconcilian en perfecta unidad. De esta manera, el mercado deviene en el único y verdadero sujeto del razonar: solo él piensa y todos sus movimientos son contenidos de lo racional. Al comparar (...) la obra de Friedrich von Hayek con la de Hegel y Leibniz, se ve que estos autores comparten una misma estructura de pensamiento que, en última instancia, nos remite al ámbito de la teodicea. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se examinan los supuestos del liberalismo económico, a través de los cuales este divinizó el mercado y lo convirtió en una instancia totalizadora exenta de toda crítica. El neoliberalismo ha hecho del mercado un locus donde el ser y el deber ser se reconcilian en perfecta unidad. De esta manera, el mercado deviene en el único y verdadero sujeto del razonar: solo él piensa y todos sus movimientos son contenidos de lo racional. Al comparar la obra de Friedrich von (...) Hayek con la de Hegel y Leibniz, se ve que estos autores comparten una misma estructura de pensamiento que, en última instancia, nos remite al ámbito de la teodicea. ABSTRACT The article examines the assumptions that led economic liberalism to deify the market and transform it into a totality exempted from any type of criticism. Neoliberalism has turned the market into a locus in which is and ought are reconciled into a perfect unity. Thus, the market becomes the sole, true subject of reasoning: only it thinks and all of its movements are contents of the rational. The comparison of Friedrich von Hayek's work with that of Hegel and Leibniz shows that these authors share the same structure of thought, which ultimately leads us to the sphere of theodicy. (shrink)

Il ne faut pas chercher à suivre l’ordre chronologique en parcourant ce livre qui s’inscrit dans quelques thématiques (le couple, la femme, les solidarités familiales) abordées à partir de différents dossiers européens d’un large Moyen Âge. Ce sont les doctorants du CIHAM qui ont contribué à ce volume, dans lequel ils analysent des documents de première main, souvent peu connus, ou bien relisent des documents bien connus mais sous des angles nouveaux. Après une brève préface des éditeurs du v...

Resumen El artículo es una exploración mayéutica de la responsabilidad, pues mediante preguntas trata de explorar este tema. Inicia el autor desde las distintas maneras de dar respuesta, pues de ahí viene la palabra responsabilidad, ellas revelan nuestra pertenencia a la humanidad y a la naturaleza. Por eso, los lazos, los compromisos, las obligaciones vividas es lo que nos hace sentir responsables. La responsabilidad sentida como obligación o coerción externa solo refleja la ontología moderna que ha separado al individuo de (...) todo y de todos, por lo que prefiere la libertad a la responsabilidad. Se requiere pensar de otro modo la responsabilidad, pues este aislacionismo individualista no solo perjudica al propio individuo, sino a la humanidad y al planeta.This paper is a maieutic exploration of reponsibility, since by means of questions it tries to explore this topic. The author starts from the different ways of giving an answer, because that is where the word responsibility comes from, they reveal our belonging to humanity and nature. Therefore, the bonds, the commitments, the lived obligations are what make us feel responsible. The reponsibility felt as an obligation or external coercion just reflects the modern ontology that has separated the individual from everything and everyone, so he prefers freedom to responsibility. It is necessary to think reponsibility in another way, because this individualistic isolationism not only harms the individual himself, but also humanity and the planet. (shrink)

Resumen El artículo es una exploración mayéutica de la responsabilidad, pues mediante preguntas trata de explorar este tema. Inicia el autor desde las distintas maneras de dar respuesta, pues de ahí viene la palabra responsabilidad, ellas revelan nuestra pertenencia a la humanidad y a la naturaleza. Por eso, los lazos, los compromisos, las obligaciones vividas es lo que nos hace sentir responsables. La responsabilidad sentida como obligación o coerción externa solo refleja la ontología moderna que ha separado al individuo de (...) todo y de todos, por lo que prefiere la libertad a la responsabilidad. Se requiere pensar de otro modo la responsabilidad, pues este aislacionismo individualista no solo perjudica al propio individuo, sino a la humanidad y al planeta.This paper is a maieutic exploration of reponsibility, since by means of questions it tries to explore this topic. The author starts from the different ways of giving an answer, because that is where the word responsibility comes from, they reveal our belonging to humanity and nature. Therefore, the bonds, the commitments, the lived obligations are what make us feel responsible. The reponsibility felt as an obligation or external coercion just reflects the modern ontology that has separated the individual from everything and everyone, so he prefers freedom to responsibility. It is necessary to think reponsibility in another way, because this individualistic isolationism not only harms the individual himself, but also humanity and the planet. (shrink)

The Central Dogma of molecular biology, which holds that DNA makes protein and not the other way around, is as influential as it is controversial. Some believe the Dogma has outlived its usefulness, either because it fails to fully capture the ins-and-outs of protein synthesis (Griffiths and Stotz, 2013; Stotz, 2006), because it turns on a confused notion of information (Sarkar, 2004), or because it problematically assumes the unidirectional flow of information from DNA to protein (Gottlieb, 2001). This paper evaluates (...) an underexplored defense of the Dogma, which relies on the assumption that the Dogma and the Inheritance of Acquired Traits, a principle which dates as far back as Jean Baptiste-Lamarck, are incompatible principles (Smith, 1993; Judson, 1979; Dawkins, 1970; Cobb, 2017; Wilkins, 2002; Graur, 2018). By appealing to empirical evidence in molecular science, I argue that this apparent incompatibility is indeed merely apparent. I conclude by briefly demonstrating how these considerations bear on the topic of conceptual pluralism in the philosophy of science (Stencel and Proszewska, 2018; Lu and Bourrat, 2018). (shrink)

This article explores the influence that an organisation’s corporate values have on employees’ behaviour and values both within and outside the work environment. In particular, it focuses on the impact of these values on the personal buying behaviour of employees. The empirical research was undertaken within a case study organisation that produces wine in Spain and involved interviews with senior management, an analysis of company documentation, as well as group discussions with employees supported by an employee survey. The article argues (...) that an organisation’s corporate values influence not only its employees’ behaviour within the work environment, but also impacts on their global values system outside of the work environment. In particular, this was evident within the employees’ buying behaviour practices in relation to supplier loyalty and environmental concern. This has implications for business ethics as an organisation’s value system may go beyond the purely business context. Organisations need to be aware of their impact on employees’ behaviour outside of the work environment; this is particularly the case for multinational companies working across many cultures. (shrink)

There is no denying the Central Dogma’s impact on the biological sciences. Since the Dogma’s formulation by Francis Crick in 1958, however, many have debated the Dogma’s empirical adequacy. My aim is to move beyond these discussions, and instead consider the Central Dogma’s significance to contemporary biological practice. To do this, I consider four distinct approaches for determining the non-descriptive methodological significance of a scientific principle. I argue that these approaches fail to vindicate the Central Dogma, and that, under many (...) of these approaches, the Dogma amounts to a triviality. (shrink)

Chapter 1 constitutes an introduction to Gentzen calculi from two perspectives, logical and philosophical. It introduces the notion of generalisations of Gentzen sequent calculus and the discussion on properties that characterize good inferential systems. Among the variety of Gentzen-style sequent calculi, I divide them in two groups: syntactic and semantic generalisations. In the context of such a discussion, the inferentialist philosophy of the meaning of logical constants is introduced, and some potential objections – mainly concerning the choice of working with (...) semantic generalizations – are addressed. Finally, I’ll introduce the case studies that I’ll be dealing with in part II. Chapter 2 is concerned with the origins and development of Jaśkowski’s discussive logic. The main idea of this chapter is to systematize the various stages of the development of discussive logic related researches from two different angles, i.e., its connections to modal logics and its proof theory, by highlighting virtues and vices. Chapter 3 focuses on the Gentzen-style proof theory of discussive logic, by providing a characterization of it in terms of labelled sequent calculi. Chapter 4 deals with the Gentzen-style proof theory of relevant logics, again by employing the methodology of labelled sequent calculi. This time, instead of working with a single logic, I’ll deal with a whole family of them. More precisely, I’ll study in terms of proof systems those relevant logics that can be characterised, at the semantic level, by reduced Routley-Meyer models, i.e., relational structures with a ternary relation between states and a unique base element. Chapter 5 investigates the proof theory of a modal expansion of intuitionistic propositional logic obtained by adding an ‘actuality’ operator to the connectives. This logic was introduced also using Gentzen sequents. Unfortunately, the original proof system is not cut-free. This chapter shows how to solve this problem by moving to hypersequents. Chapter 6 concludes the investigations and discusses the future of the research presented throughout the dissertation. (shrink)

This article explores the influence that an organisation's corporate values have on employees' behaviour and values both within and outside the work environment. In particular, it focuses on the impact of these values on the personal buying behaviour of employees. The empirical research was undertaken within a case study organisation that produces wine in Spain and involved interviews with senior management, an analysis of company documentation, as well as group discussions with employees supported by an employee survey. The article argues (...) that an organisation's corporate values influence not only its employees' behaviour within the work environment, but also impacts on their global values system outside of the work environment. In particular, this was evident within the employees' buying behaviour practices in relation to supplier loyalty and environmental concern. This has implications for business ethics as an organisation's value system may go beyond the purely business context. Organisations need to be aware of their impact on employees' behaviour outside of the work environment; this is particularly the case for multinational companies working across many cultures. (shrink)

“Education as a Tool for Combat. From Socrates to Paulo Freire”. In this paper, without seeking to be exhaustive, we intend to take a journey which will enable us to see what a concept of education closely linked to the independence of the “voice of reason” has meant in different historical contexts; we understand this independence, very broadly speaking, as a critical capacity which enables us as human beings to be sufficiently free and, if necessary, to be able to construct (...) autonomously our own judgments in the face of the inertial weight of tradition and the force of the social consensuses which structure the common sense of our time. We can trace this “enlightened tension” through the history of Western thought from Plato to Condorcet, from Kant to Paulo Freire. In this sense, and to conclude, it will be appropriate to assess what role the educational process is taking on in the contemporary era, where the intensive processes of commodification have also come to permeate all aspects of knowledge. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo expondremos y analizaremos algunos de los aspectos más significativos del pensamiento de John Ruskin. Comprobaremos que sus reflexiones sobre el arte en general y sobre la arquitectura en particular están íntimamente conectadas con sus ideas morales, religiosas y sociopolíticas. Fue un enemigo declarado de la civilización industrial, responsabilizándola de haber convertido el mundo en un lugar inhóspito, cruel y feo. Debía comprenderse en toda su profundidad el abismo que media entre la belleza sagrada de una torre (...) gótica y la insufrible fealdad de una chimenea fabril. Pero Ruskin no fue un esteta despreocupado de lo social. Contempló con horror la miseria material y espiritual de esas muchedumbres hacinadas inhumanamente en los suburbios urbanos, la creciente devastación de la naturaleza, el endiosamiento del dinero, la degradación del gusto artístico y el desfallecimiento de las artes. Todos esos fenómenos o procesos estaban ocasionados por una misma lógica económica, injusta y absurda. (shrink)

Para considerar al hombre como vía hacia Dios, es preciso, desde el punto de vista de la filosofía, encontrar los trascendentales que le son propios. Dichos trascendentales no aparecen en el elenco clásico. Hay que añadir los trascendentales humanos a los descubiertos en la Edad Media, lo cual comporta, inevitablemente, algunas rectificaciones del planteamiento tradicional, sin las cuales los nuevos trascendentales no serían coherentes con la formulación antigua de esta temática. Con otras palabras, para que Dios sea accesible desde la (...) perspectiva antropológica es menester formular lo que suelo llamar Antropología trascendental. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to show the difference between Aristotle's conception of friendship and the Christian charity. While the pagan charity only search for happiness in this life, the Christian charity moreover point out the eternal destiny in all the men and magnify the friendship in this life.

Los precedentes de la cibernética se encuentran claramente en Aristóteles, quien distingue entre operaciones vitales "praxis" y movimientos físicos "kinesis", y habla de la información como modificación de un estado de equilibrio y de la retroalimentaáón como el modo de controlar la información. Desde ahí se descubre que en Aristóteles el modelo morfotélico es superior al modelo hilemórfico.