Cet article est une contribution à la lecture de Fûdo, le milieu humain, ouvrage du philosophe japonais Watsuji Testurô qui aborde le thème du rapport de l’être humain au monde. Cette réflexion veut en éclairer certaines thèses, les comparer aux catégories de la philosophie occidentale et déterminer si Fûdo peut se comprendre comme une pensée de la finitude.

Il presente articolo intende riflettere su come l’analogia sia intesa e trattata dalla classe di metodi formali di trattamento dell’informazione che si occupano di analizzare il testo scritto. In particolare, si considera come si possano costruire macchine che “comprendono” le analogie. A tal fine ci si avvarrà di esemplificazioni tratte dal _De Civitate Dei_ di Agostino d’Ippona. Le prime indagini compiute su tale corpus, seppure limitato, conducono a riflettere sulla portata teorica e storiografica del trattamento automatico dell’analogia anche nel formulare (...) o avvalorare ipotesi interpretative. _This article aims to reflect on how analogy is understood and treated by the class of formal information processing methods that deal with analysing written text. In particular, we consider how machines that ‘understand’ analogies can be constructed. For this purpose, exemplifications from Augustine of Hippo’s _De Civitate Dei _will be used. The initial investigations carried out on this corpus, albeit limited, lead one to reflect on the theoretical and historiographical significance of the automatic treatment of analogy also in formulating or supporting interpretative hypotheses._. (shrink)

From the perspective of successive events, chemical reactions are expressed or thought about, in terms of the cause-effect category. In this work, I will firstly discuss some aspects of causation and interaction in chemistry, argue for the interaction, and propose an alternative or complementary representation scheme called “interaction diagram”, that allows representing chemical reactions through a geometric diagram. The understanding of this diagram facilitates the analysis of reactions in terms of the interaction, or reciprocal action, among the participating entities. Secondly, (...) I will describe the model and provide examples and finally, I will discuss the scope and limitations of the current development status of the model. (shrink)

The existence of spacetime singularities is one of the biggest problems of nowadays physics. According to Penrose, each physical singularity should be covered by a “cosmic censor” which prevents any external observer from perceiving their existence. However, classical models describing the gravitational collapse usually results in strong curvature singularities, which can also remain “naked” for a finite amount of advanced time. This proceedings studies the modifications induced by asymptotically safe gravity on the gravitational collapse of generic Vaidya spacetimes. It will (...) be shown that, for any possible choice of the mass function, quantum gravity makes the internal singularity gravitationally weak, thus allowing a continuous extension of the spacetime beyond the singularity. (shrink)

In the last decade, the notion of triad was reintroduced by Eric Scerri, who suggested it as a possible categorical criterion to represent chemical periodicity. In particular, he reformulated the notion of triad in terms of atomic number instead of atomic weights; in this way, the value of the intermediate term of the triad became the exact average of the values of the two extremes. Following the inspiration of Scerri’s work, the main purpose of this article is to obtain a (...) representation where all the relations among the chemical elements that form the groups of the periodic system can be reconstructed on the basis of triads, without using electronic configurations. (shrink)

la82 12.00 Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Este artigo mostra que o princípio primário da ciência do ente enquanto ente, apresentado e defendido por Aristóteles no Livro IV da Metafísica , é constituído pela bi-implicaçáo necessária (modal) entre os princípios de náo-contradiçáo e do terceiro excluído, (...) e náo somente, como na interpretaçáo tradicional, pelo primeiro destes princípios. Tal é mostrado através de uma interpretaçáo de uma parte do capítulo 3 e, em especial, de três partes do capítulo 4 deste escrito, onde Aristóteles desenvolve o que chamou "demonstraçáo refutativa", que consiste na demonstraçáo indireta do princípio primário por meio da refutaçáo da tese que nega (de modo forte) este mesmo princípio. A interpretaçáo apresentada no artigo mostra que neste procedimento lógico Aristóteles está defendendo tanto o princípio de náo-contradiçáo quanto o princípio do terceiro excluído, assumindo ambos como formulações equivalentes do princípio primário da ciência do ser enquanto ser.  . (shrink)

Behavioral paternalism raises deep concerns that do not arise in traditional welfare economics. These concerns stem from behavioral paternalism’s acceptance of the defining axioms of neoclassical rationality for normative purposes, despite having rejected them as positive descriptions of reality. We argue that behavioral paternalists have indeed accepted neoclassical rationality axioms as a welfare standard; that economists historically adopted these axioms not for their normative plausibility, but for their usefulness in formal and theoretical modeling; that broadly rational individuals might fail to (...) satisfy the axioms for various reasons, making them unpersuasive as normative criteria; and that even if their violation did constitute irrationality, that would not justify paternalists’ choosing among inconsistent preferences to define an individual’s “true” preferences. (shrink)

This article presents the general outlines of a new reading of the concept of contingent possibilities discussed in chapter 9 of the treatise On interpretation. In this article, I try to show how that text represents the moment of logical and ontological grounding of the ethic concept of freedom within Aristotle’s work.

La metafora come strumento con il quale rinunciare a una teoria della definizione basata sulla sostanza, per preferire un linguaggio più evocativo.Metaphor as a tool by which giving up a substance based definition theory, in order to choose a more evocative language.

Il significato della metafora sta nelle nuove relazioni che si instaurano fra i termini, dunque essa fa esplodere il carattere puramente estensionale della classificazione porfiriana.

Nel processo di digitalizzazione dei testi sembrano emergere somiglianze e analogie con quegli anni del medioevo durante i quali si assiste all'incontro fra la tradizione latina occidentale e il patrimonio culturale di provenienza greca e araba. Due mondi che traducono per conoscere e per conservare: provare a confrontarli può aiutare a chiarire qualcosa sia dell'uno che dell'altro.

The purpose of this work is to discuss which relation can be established between molecular chemistry, on the one hand, and macrochemistry and nanochemistry, on the other hand. In order to do this, we will consider molecular chemistry as an underlying level, and macrochemistry and nanochemistry as emergent levels. Emergence is characterized in very different ways in the philosophical literature; we will not discuss those differences. We will address a distinction between inter-domain emergence and intra-domain emergence. It is our purpose (...) to argue that, from a basal micro-molecular level, macrochemistry and nanochemistry emerge in parallel. The emergence of macrochemistry is an inter-domain emergence, while the emergence of the nanolevel is an intra-domain one. If this is the case, therefore macrochemistry and nanochemistry are not “successive” levels, but parallel ones. This discussion will be held from an ontological point of view, instead of the classical characterization in terms of scale. (shrink)

I provide a case-by-case definition of essential truths based on the notions of metaphysical necessity and ontological dependence. Relying on suggestions in the literature, I adopt a definition of the latter notion in terms of the notion of ground. The resulting account is adequate in the sense that it is not subject to Kit Fine’s famous counterexamples to the purely modal account of essence. In addition, it provides us with a novel conception of truths pertaining to the essence of objects, (...) which might help to dispel doubts on the legitimacy of the notion of essence itself. (shrink)

Drawing from extensions of existing ideas in the logic of ground, a novel account of the grounds of necessity is presented, the core of which states that necessary truths are necessary because they stand in specific grounding connections.

In Metaphysics of States of Affairs, Bo Meinertsen reviews and works out several underdeveloped points in the existing scholarly debate on states of affairs, and presents his own original account in detail. In this paper, we raise three problems for Meinertsen’s account and draw attention to an alternative view that, though not discussed in the book, is not beset by these problems.

P. van Inwagen famously offered three precise versions of the so-called Consequence Argument for incompatibilism. The third of these essentially employs the notion of an agent’s having a choice with respect to a proposition. In this paper, I offer two intuitively attractive accounts of this notion in terms of the explanatory connective ‘because’ and explore the prospects of the third argument once they are in play. Under either account, the argument fails.

La problemática de la cultura popular ha sido abordada desde diversos marcos teóricos a partir de su inclusión entre los temas necesarios para comprender una sociedad integralmente. El artículo estudia los aportes realizados por Antonio Gramsci, quien desde una visión marxista heterodoxa, propone un análisis de los sectores subalternos que permite vislumbrar virtudes y limitaciones. Los conceptos filosofía espontánea, sentido común y filosofía de la praxis, surgen como fundamentales para el análisis teórico y la práctica política transformadora y para una (...) necesaria revisión de las herramientas analíticas que ofrecen las teorías clásicas ante la especifica y compleja realidad latinoamericana. (shrink)

El trabajo busca profundizar aspectos de la propuesta filosófica de Arturo Roig, con el objeto de analizar uno de los fenómenos de acción colectiva más novedosos de los últimos tiempos: los cortes de ruta, herramienta de lucha utilizada por los trabajadores desocupados en Argentina entre 1995 y 2005..

La propuesta del filósofo Arturo Roig (Mendoza, Argentina 1922-) en torno a la existencia de una moral de la protesta en la filosofía latinoamericana, posee aspectos que se consideran importantes para el análisis sociológico. El autor hace alusión a una tradición moral desarrollada en América Latina desde los inicios de su historia y en estrecha vinculación con los movimientos de liberación y las movilizaciones sociales llevadas a cabo por los sectores subalternos. Lo que se pretende es analizar una serie de (...) fenómenos colectivos contemporáneos emergentes en Argentina, como forma de comprender los procesos que subyacen a la conformación de un pensamiento latinoamericano que busca resquebrajar totalidades opresivas. (shrink)

In the third chapter of his major work, the Controversy over the Existence of the World, Roman Ingarden discusses four varieties of dependence entities might exhibit. The aim of this essay is to explore these varieties and to put the claims Ingarden makes concerning them on a rigorous footing.

In this paper we will argue that the categories of physical individuals and chemical stuff are not sufficient to face the chemical ontology if nanomaterials are taken into account. From a perspective that considers ontological questions and wonders which the items involved in science are, we will argue that the domain of nanoscience must be considered as populated by entities that are neither individuals, as those of physics, nor stuff, as those items of macro-chemistry. This discussion, in virtue of the (...) analysis of the nature of nanomaterials, leads to propose a proper ontological category for nanoparticles: nanoindividuals. Nanomaterials are sorts of individuals, but they are different from physical individuals and from chemical stuff. We will also claim to contribute to the growing field of the philosophy of chemistry, especially regarding discussions that manifest not only epistemological but also ontological issues. In this scenario, the field on nanoscience is particularly challenging. (shrink)

European Journal of Philosophy, EarlyView.

Many philosophers have shown sympathy to the thought that reality is fundamentally positive. Julio De Rizzo formulates this idea precisely by means of the notion of grounding, and examines how the resulting thesis fares with respect to three much discussed classes of negative truths, namely that of negative predications, that of negative causal reports, and that of negative existential truths. By shedding light on the issues advocates of the thesis have to deal with, this work shows the positivist account (...) to be a tenable position in metaphysics. (shrink)

This paper is a response to McKenzie (2017). I argue that the case she presents is not a genuine counterexample to the thesis she labels Brute Fundamentalism. My response consists of two main points. First, that the support she presents for considering her case a metaphysical explanation is misguided. Second, that there are principled reasons for doubting that partial explanations in Hempel’s sense, of which her case is an instance, are genuinely explanatory in the first place. Thus McKenzie’s attack on (...) Brute Fundamentalism fails. (shrink)