Con frecuencia el avance y uso del conocimiento han sido relacionados como uno de los indicadores más importantes para el desarrollo económico y bienestar social de países y regiones. Sin embargo, independientemente de los factores teórico metodológicos que impulsan el desarrollo del conocimiento, el acceso a este activo intangible se encuentra limitado a diversas condiciones económicas, sociales, culturales e incluso del mismo conocimiento per se que cada individuo desarrolla dentro de la sociedad. El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación (...) consiste en realizar un análisis teórico desde una perspectiva sociológica de la ciencia y la tecnología, sobre el papel que desempeña la universidad pública en la democratización del conocimiento al interior de su comunidad y de la sociedad en general, señalando los principales avances y obstáculos que ésta presenta durante la difusión del mismo. (shrink)

Economists use the term ‘stylized fact’ in many contexts, though the meaning of this phrase and the motivation for using such a concept is unclear. In this paper, we provide a philosophical analysis of stylized facts, which aims to be methodologically interesting and useful. While our framework applies to all principled uses of stylized facts, we illustrate its core features by applying it to Nicholas Kaldor's initial and exemplary use of stylized facts in growth economics.

Deconstructing the Feminine looks beyond impasses of binary thought and essentialist conceptions of women and the feminine from a contemporary perspective. With a multicentred and complex approach, and an ongoing dialogue with Freud, Leticia Glocer Fiorini addresses questions relating to love, sexual desire, maternity, beauty, and the passing of time by reconsidering the gender binary and underlying power relations. Glocer Fiorini's work highlights current debates concerning women, the feminine, and sexual difference, as well as discussing topics which have caused (...) controversy throughout the history of the psychoanalytic movement. The updated and expanded edition distinguishes between the concept of sexual difference and the category of 'difference' as it applies at various heterogenous levels and includes new approaches reflecting on the 'feminine enigma', hysteria, feminine masochism, and masculinity. Deconstructing the Feminine will be of great interest to psychoanalysts in clinical practice and in training, as well as to scholars of gender, sexuality, and women's studies. (shrink)

A vivência das crianças ciganas no mundo apresenta várias lacunas que vêm sendo estudadas por pesquisadores da área da sociologia, antropologia, psicologia e educação, com a intenção de compreender a forma como as escolas enfrentam o desafio de ensinar, com êxito, crianças de etnias diferentes. Discutir acerca da vida da criança cigana e o brincar no seu processo de escolarização frente aos olhos dos professores se constitui no nosso principal objetivo. A ênfase maior deste estudo está centrada na percepção dos (...) professores sobre a inserção das crianças ciganas no processo de escolarização na rede regular de ensino, assim como conhecer de que forma o lúdico está inserido no ambiente educacional e se vem contribuindo para diminuir o insucesso escolar de alunos/as de etnia cigana. As discussões feitas neste artigo contribuirão para o debate em busca de uma educação intercultural que valorize práticas lúdicas e partilhem a ideia de construir um futuro juntos e, consequentemente, com a construção de uma sociedade inclusiva e atuante. (shrink)

Background The practice of health advocacy in nursing has been defined as a process aimed at promoting the independence and autonomy of users of health services, in addition to providing information on healthcare decision-making and offering support for decisions taken. Ethical considerations Ethics approval was not required to conduct this review. Aim This integrative review aims to synthesize evidence in the literature on health advocacy in professional nursing practice. Methods An integrative review methodology guided by Whittemore and Knalf was used. (...) Studies were identified by conducting searches on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS databases. Of 2179 records, 34 studies matched the inclusion criteria. Results The main aspects involved in the practice of health advocacy by professional nurses are related to the ethical principles of the nursing profession, such as protecting patients seeking autonomy and care. Furthermore, the practice of health advocacy by nurses requires an empathetic attitude, responsibility, and assertive communication. Conclusion The diverse possibilities for the practice of advocacy synthesized in this study allow nurses to approach and become familiarized with the topic, being able to acquire and complement knowledge that will reflect on their professional practice in different work environments such as the educational field, in hospital practice, or basic health care. (shrink)

The history of organizations and collectives is something alive. It is a network of memories, actions, collaborations, dreams, encounters, and disconnections that live within each of its members. The EcoDialogue Center is an academic space of the University of Veracruz for promoting dialogue between disciplines. In this article we are presenting the stories, both personal and collective, and the values and ideals that create our Center. We are using this opportunity to reflect on the cultural, geographical, emotional, intellectual, and societal (...) conditions that have allowed this innovative process within the rules and customs of a university. (shrink)

Las teorías que usamos para representar el mundo pueden ser extremadamente complejas. Abordan temas tales como electrones, campos cuánticos, estrellas de neutrones, materia oscura, redes neuronales, mercados económicos, la atmósfera y muchas otras entidades que suponemos existen en el universo. Al formular nuestras teorías, recurrimos a lenguajes exactos que nos permiten minimizar la vaguedad y expresarnos lo más precisa y cuantitativamente posible. Recurrimos a la matemática. Cuando formulamos nuestras teorías fácticas en lenguaje matemático, estas se refieren no solamente a objetos (...) que nosotros interpretamos como materiales, tales como partículas o personas, sino también a entidades más raras de un mundo abstracto: conjuntos, números, funciones, espacios algebraicos, variedades, topologías, y otras entidades similares. Estos objetos no son materiales en el sentido en que nosotros decimos que una manzana es material. Ellos no existen en el espacio-tiempo, no interactúan, no cambian o evolucionan. Sin embargo, allí están, profundamente arraigados en nuestras teorías más apreciadas acerca del mundo. (shrink)

There has been much debate recently on the question whether essence can explain modality. Here, I examine two routes to an essentialist account of modality. The first is Hale's argument for the necessity of essence, which I will argue is — notwithstanding recent attempted defences of it — invalid by its very structure. The second is the proposal that it is essential to essential truth that it is necessary. After offering three possible versions of the view, I will argue that (...) each fails to provide a metaphysical explanation of necessity in terms of essence. (shrink)

Este trabajo se propone dos objetivos, uno descriptivo y otro propositivo. El descriptivo consiste en el análisis de la crítica que realiza E. Cioran, a lo largo de su obra, a la concepción humanista del ser humano Nuestro filósofo pone en cuestión la arrogancia del hombre que se coloca en el lugar fundamental y de supremacía en el ámbito de la vida, lugar que le sirve de justificación para conquistar, apropiarse y aniquilar a la naturaleza y al resto de los (...) vivientes. Por otro lado, en términos propositivos, me interesa plantear la cuestión de la animalidad(el animal que es el ser humano, y los animales no humanos) porque permite poner en cuestión esa concepción humanista, y pensar nuevos modos de ser-con lo viviente. En este sentido, sostengo a lo largo del trabajo que la filosofía de Cioran permite pensar una noción de lo humano atravesada por la animalidad, noción cioraneana que desarma("descompone") la arrogancia de los humanismos. Para ello me serviré de la problemática de la muerte como inmanente a la vida y de la crítica de Cioran a la noción de propiedad. (shrink)

Ensayo introductorio para mi traducción del influyente artículo "Essence and Modality" de Kit Fine.

Man is a dynamic being, a free system. Free systems are interactive systems. Every organization is a cooperative system. In organizations the relation between manager and inferiors is an open system: management and obedience are alternative activities. Lidership is a cooperative system.

This paper aims to propose an invitation to look at the kind of childhood we have been constructing from the practices of Special Education, in articulation with the practices of Early Childhood Education. It problematizes the discursive webs formed in this articulation, considering the way that Special Education teachers working with Early Childhood in public schools regard childhood. Such discussions have derived from the uneasiness of thinking about how we have been producing childhood, given the policy of expanding mandatory attendance (...) to four-year-old children. The analytical exercise, inspired by the discourse analysis proposed by Michel Foucault, has enabled us to question the production of subjects, truths and realities in the “confessions” of the interviewed teachers, in which we have identified two ways of thinking about and producing childhood: captured childhood, which is produced through the operationalization of normalization practices by Special Education, determined by the will to knowledge and the will to power over childhood; and childhood as heterotopy, produced as a powerful movement of resistance and denaturalization of normalizing practices – childhood regarded from other places, as an infinite, multiple, non-nameable, ever undetermined becoming, as an invitation to thought: what can we do in the encounter with childhood? (shrink)

The concept of ideology is central to the understanding of the many political, economic, social, and cultural processes that have occurred in the last two centuries. And yet, what is the nature of the different ideologies remains a vague, open, and much disputed question. Many political, sociological, and ideological studies have been devoted to ideology. Very little, on the other hand, has been done from the philosophical field. And this despite the fact that there are undoubtedly many philosophical questions related (...) to ideology and its role in modern industrialized societies. Just a few examples of ideology-related philosophical questions suffice to prove the point: What objects do ideologies deal with? Are the ideologies testable? Are there true ideologies? Do they evolve? How are ideologies related to societies? Is the existence of ideologies inevitable in modern societies? What is the relation of ideology to science? Is science just another kind of ideology? Are we, as human beings, innately predisposed to believe in ideologies? Or, instead, ideologies proliferate through indoctrination and propaganda? Are ideologies necessarily harmful?...and much more. In this article I try to answer some of these questions from a philosophical point of view, taking a materialist approach. I begin by characterizing ideology as a complex, multi-layered concept. Then, I briefly discuss the material systems on which ideological movements operate, that is, societies and concrete human groups. I identify at least 11 different elements that seem to be present in most ideologies, and I compare these characteristics with those of contemporary science and technology. Although some superficial similarities can be identified, there are deep differences that make ideology completely different from science. The similarities, however, are stronger with technology. Ideologies continually evolve with technological advances, social changes, and even with mere fashion. The current fragmentation of ideologies caused by the widespread use of new technologies and social networks has given rise to new phenomena of ideological propagation which, in my opinion, are very dangerous, particularly for open societies. I discuss these processes, within the context of the nature vs nurture debate, along with the question of whether we can get rid of ideologies. (shrink)

This brief review of Mario Bunge’s research on physics begins with an analysis of his masterpiece Foundations of Physics, and then it discusses his other contributions to the philosophy of physics. Following that is a summary of his more recent reactions to scientific discoveries in physics and a discussion of his position about non-locality in quantum mechanics, as well as his changing opinions on the nature of spacetime. The paper ends with a brief assessment of Bunge’s legacy concerning the foundations (...) of physics. (shrink)

Background: Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing [EMDR] is an innovative, evidence-based and effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. As with other psychotherapies, the effectiveness of EMDR contrasts with a limited knowledge of its underlying mechanism of action. In its relatively short life as a therapeutic option, EMDR has not been without controversy, in particular regarding the role of the bilateral stimulation as an active component of the therapy. The high prevalence of EMDR in clinical practice and the dramatic increase (...) in EMDR research in recent years, with more than 26 randomized controlled trials published to date, highlight the need for a better understanding of its mechanism of action. Methods: We conducted a thorough systematic search of studies published until October 2017, using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Knowledge and Scopus databases that examined the mechanism of action of EMDR or provided conclusions within the framework of current theoretical models of EMDR functioning. Results: Seventy-five studies were selected for review and classified into three overarching models; (i) psychological models (ii) psychophysiological models and (iii) neurobiological models. The evidence available from each study was analysed and discussed. Results demonstrated a reasonable empirical support for the working memory hypothesis and for the physiological changes associated with successful EMDR therapy. Recently, more sophisticated structural and functional neuroimaging studies using high resolution structural and temporal techniques are starting to provide preliminary evidence into the neuronal correlates before, during and after EMDR therapy. Discussion: Despite the increasing number of studies that published in recent years, the research into the mechanisms underlying EDMR therapy are still in its infancy. Studies in well-defined clinical and non-clinical populations, larger sample sizes and tighter methodological control are further needed in order to establish firm conclusions. (shrink)

El rigor en pensar la vida psíquica le lleva a Leibniz a disociar la percepción de la con­ciencia, rompiendo con la tradición filosófica, carente de la idea de una vida psíquica incons­ciente. Nuestro conocimiento no se limita a la “apercepción” o percepción consciente, sino que alcanza una mayor profundidad. Desarrolla Leibniz una teoría puntillista de la sensa­ción, un hormigueo incesante de innumerables percepciones individuales imperceptibles componen toda percepción consciente.

A fé absoluta na capacidade da tecnologia em promover melhorias sociais sofreu fortes críticas no último século. O escritor norte-americano Lewis Mumford denunciou este mito e seus prejuízos, estabelecendo-se como uma voz de reação contra os valores impostos pela sociedade industrial tecnocrática. Embora Mumford tenha destacado as denúncias sobre o poder desmedido da esfera tecnológica da vida moderna, e as razões históricas que nos legou essa cultura, suas teses sugerem um otimismo frente à possibilidade de controlarmos e reorientarmos seu desenvolvimento. (...) Neste artigo, trazemos a aposta de Mumford para uma possível reorientação radical de atitudes que transformariam esta civilização, sempre em vistas a um desenvolvimento civilizatório mais equilibrado e orientado à emancipação humana. (shrink)

Cet article vise à discuter le rôle de l’altérité dans l’approche énactiviste. L’énactivisme considère la cognition comme un processus fondamentalement autonome, c’est-à-dire, qui n’est pas déterminé par des informations dites « externes » ni par des représentations issues de la manipulation symbolique. Une manière de comprendre l’autonomie met l’accent sur la fermeture du système cognitif, ce qui pourrait restreindre la notion d’altérité. Toutefois, nous aimerions proposer une lecture alternative de l’autonomie dans l’énactivisme, qui souligne son ouverture à l’imprévisible, et ainsi (...) rapprocher cette lecture de certaines compréhensions de l’altérité, notamment celle de Martin Buber. Par son refus de binarismes et son choix d’un chemin intermédiaire entre l’objectivisme et le subjectivisme, le dialogue phénoménologique de Buber et, plus spécialement, sa caractérisation de la relation Je-Tu nous semblent pertinentes à une conception énactiviste de l’altérité. (shrink)

Aunque la discusión sobre los principios jurídicos encuentra su punto de quiebre con las obras de Ronald Dworkin y Robert Alexy, la cuestión reconoce desarrollos anteriores y encuentra una de sus formulaciones más profundas en reacción al pensamiento jurídico positivista de entreguerras. En este trabajo destacamos los aportes del jurista socialdemócrata Hermann Heller a la teoría de las normas que, a diferencia de los que hizo a la teoría del Estado, permanecen en un lugar olvidado. Se reconstruye su concepción del (...) derecho con el fin de mostrar que sus ideas sobre la estructura del sistema jurídico y los fundamentos de los principios jurídicos dan cuenta de la relación entre derecho y poder en los Estados constitucionales modernos y del rol de los jueces en una democracia, al tiempo que resultan precursoras de las que desarrollaría con posterioridad Robert Alexy. (shrink)

I offer a theory of art that is based on science. I maintain that, as any other human activity, art can be studied with the tools of science. This does not mean that art is scientific, but aesthetics, the theory of art, can be formulated in accord with our scientific knowledge. I present elucidations of the concepts of aesthetic experience, art, work of art, artistic movement, and I discuss the ontological status of artworks from the point of view of scientific (...) philosophy. (shrink)

Transformar el modo de vida individual es necesario para abordar la crisis ecosocial, y resulta perentorio que las políticas comprometidas con su resolución promocionen una capacidad individual de acción ecosocial. Sin embargo, parece que cierta brecha motivacional está obstaculizando la transformación del modo de vida individual. A fin de dar respuesta a esta brecha, ensayamos una mixtura del enfoque de las capacidades con las teorías de Hartmut Rosa. Argumentamos que la resonancia natural funge de factor personal de conversión necesario, si (...) bien no suficiente, para la capacidad de acción ecosocial; y que una política que promocione la resonancia natural se adecuaría también a los requisitos impuestos al desarrollo humano tanto por el enfoque de las capacidades como por la sostenibilidad. (shrink)

The Western world is experiencing a resurgence of interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, most of which are derived from plants or fungi with a history of Indigenous ceremonial use. Recent research has revealed that psychedelic compounds have the potential to address treatment‐resistant depression and anxiety, as well as post‐traumatic stress disorder and addictions. These findings have contributed to the decriminalization of psychedelics in some jurisdictions and their legalization in others. Despite psychedelics’ opaque legal status, numerous companies and individuals (...) are profiting from speculative investments with few, if any, benefits accruing to Indigenous Peoples. In this paper, we suggest that the aptly named “psychedelic renaissance,” like the European Renaissance, is made possible by colonial extractivism. We further suggest that Indigenous philosophical traditions offer alternative approaches to reorient the “psychedelic renaissance” towards a more equitable future for Indigenous Peoples, psychedelic medicines, and all our relations. (shrink)

Contexto: Algumas experiências religiosas e/ou espirituais apresentam um caráter dissociativo. Há carência de estudos que indiquem critérios diferenciais entre a dissociação patológica e saudável em contexto religioso. Objetivo: Este estudo pretende observar as experiências dissociativas sob diferentes perspectivas: uma ligada à psicopatologia e a outra, à saúde. Método: Ensaio temático com a literatura disponível sobre o assunto. Bases de dados: Pubmed e PsychINFO. Também foi feita busca manual de artigos relacionados ao assunto. Resultados: 1. Historicamente, alguns autores se debruçaram sobre (...) as relações entre dissociação e fenômenos religiosos, mas os dados não são conclusivos; 2. A dissociação acontece em um continuum entre saúde e doença; 3. A psiquiatria transcultural oferece aporte para a compreensão de experiências dissociativas, como o transe de possessão, contextualizando-as culturalmente; 4. Há uma série de estudos feitos no Brasil, que exploram o diagnóstico diferencial entre experiências religiosas saudáveis e patológicas. Conclusões: Experiências religiosas/espirituais de caráter dissociativo, podem ser consideradas saudáveis se apresentarem ausência de sofrimento, controle, forem contextualizadas e trouxerem benefício para o indivíduo. Indivíduos sem Autodirecionamento e com experiências autocentradas mostram maior probabilidade de desenvolver patologia. Futuros estudos deverão explorar empírica e longitunalmente estas questões. (shrink)

"The caring progression of cultures can also be seen when we look back at cultures of two thousand years ago or even of two hundred years ago. Today, it can be seen, globally, in attempts to replace capitalism's caring for a chosen few with socialism's intent of expanding caring for more of life and its environment. Thus, Becoming Human is a movement in making known our species' evolution toward humanness." --Amazon.com.

The author shows theethical basis of a criterion for business’ social responsibility. This criterionis taken from Ernest Tugendhat’s critic to the libertarian concept of freedom.Using this concept, Milton Friedman defends an economical model that rejectsany form of interventionism in the market syst..

En la teoría etnológica y política contemporánea, la conceptualización de las acciones de adscriptos étnicos en términos de acciones orientadas por intereses constituye el núcleo conceptual de la definición de lo político. Comunalizaciones, movimientos culturales, democracia plural radical, reivindicaciones de derechos colectivos diferenciados, son todas ellas nociones que refieren a acciones colectivas y a la producción de identidades sobre la base de orientaciones culturales o ethos comunes en el ámbito de la esfera pública. La interpretación de tales expresiones como formas (...) institucionalizadas y públicas de acción colectiva se funda en un concepto de vida política como "vida común", como "acción colectiva pública". La siguiente presentación se propone interrogar los márgenes categoriales sobre los que se construye y fundamenta la teoría etnopolítica contemporánea, analizando las nociones de "común" que ponen en circulación como así también la tensión entre universalismo y particularismo que hacen emerger. In the contemporary political and ethnological theory, the conceptualization of the ethnic ascribed people actions in terms of "interest actions" is the conceptual core of the definition of politics. Communalizations, cultural movements, radical pluralist democracy, differentiated collective rights claims, are all notions that refer to collective action and the production of identities based on cultural orientations or common ethos in the field of public sphere. The interpretation of such expressions, as institutionalized and public forms of collective action, is based on a concept of political life as "common life", as "public collective action". The following article proposes to inquire the categorical margins on which the contemporary ethno-political theory is built and founded, analyzing not only the notions of "common" put into circulation but also the tension between universalism and particularism that do emerge themselves. (shrink)

Pensadores griegos y orientales, filósofos antiguos, medioevales y modernos, han tocado el tema de lo corporal de manera fragmentaria que reducen lo corpóreo a mero instrumento. Para evitar este tipo de interpretaciones, queda el expediente de acudir a la síntesis holística; a la versión del "cuerpo total" que somos. La economía imperante es la del "cuerpo poseído". Se tasa, vende y desecha en el mercado la fuerza de trabajo. Se ejerce sobre él una violencia que nos rebasa en todos los (...) frentes; es radical, porque atenta contra la integridad y la dignidad de los cuerpos. Restañar las heridas corporales de nuestros pueblos requiere de la formulación y siembra del conocimiento de la Ética del cuerpo que deberá ir acompañada por un proceso de reconstrucción simbólica de la idea de "cuerpo" en el que todos participemos. Si armonizan necesidades y capacidades corporales propias y ajenas y compaginan nuestras acciones con el respeto al entorno natural, casa del cuerpo, podremos vislumbrar que vamos sobre el camino correcto. The Greek and Eastern thinkers, ancient, medieval and modern philosophers, have dealt with the body only in a fragmentary way that sees it as a mere instrument. To avoid this kind of interpretation we resort to a holistic synthesis-the "total body" version that we really are. The dominant economics is the one of the "possessed body" that can be priced, sold and disposed of as working force. An overpowering violence is applied to it; it is a radical violence as it attempts on bodies' integrity and dignity. The healing of the wounded bodies of our people requires formulating and planting the seeds of the body's ethics that will accompany the reconstruction of an idea of body to be shared by all of us. If we harmonize our own and others' body's needs and abilities, and our actions are in accordance with our natural surroundings, we will be able to make out the right path. (shrink)

En los años 1998 y 1999, un conjunto de familias reconocidas como Huarpes, residentes en el departamento de Lavalle, de la provincia de Mendoza, han sido inscriptas como “comunidades indígenas” en el Instituto Nacional de Asuntos Indígenas. Dichas familias vienen protagonizando un momento de reorganización social vinculado fundamentalmente a una constante lucha en defensa de su territorio. El siguiente artículo se propone analizar los dispositivos y mecanismos sociales a través de los cuales los adscriptos étnicos construyen territorialidad y estructuran sus (...) formas de sociabilidad sobre la base del parentesco, del liderazgo familiar y el nomadismo. (shrink)

Atualmente, há um crescente interesse no estudo das sequelas psicológicas em vítimas de queimaduras. Este artigo faz uma revisão da literatura com a finalidade de examinar quais são os danos psicológicos e psiquiátricos mais relevantes apresentados por indivíduos que sofrem acidentes com queimaduras..

Educar implica, en gran medida, transgredir la flecha del tiempo y actuar a modo de contratiempo. Los profesores saben bien que, en numerosas ocasiones, para asegurar el éxito de su acción, deben a menudo "perder tiempo" dejándose paradójicamente llevar por él. El conocimiento del tiempo educativo nos introduce en el estudio de este peculiar contratiempo que, a diferencia del tiempo objetivo, predecible y cronométrico que sirve para racionalizar las actividades pedagógicas, permite a los educadores impedir que en educación el tiempo (...) pase, se consuma sin más, fluya o simplemente suceda. De ahí que la autora plantee las relaciones tiempo y educación desde una perspectiva más integradora, incorporando para ello los múltiples tiempos que confluyen en la realidad educativa junto aquéllos que confieren legitimidad al proyecto educativo. La escuela ha venido recreando un modelo no normativo tiempo -básicamente predictivo y probabilístico- y ha aplicado una racionalidad ahistórica que dificulta la emergencia del sujeto al que se dirige y el modelo de sociedad hacia la que se proyecta. En la actualidad se plantea la necesidad de educar desde una nueva perspectiva ética que integre el tiempo como categoría normativa de acción. Educar hoy para mañana exigirá, en este sentido, atender a dos lógicas temporales: impregnar de historicidad la dimensión de sentido de todo proyecto educativo y planificar las acciones pedagógicas de acuerdo con una nueva tecnología temporal que incorpore la incertidumbre, la complejidad, la interdependencia y la sostenibilidad temporal. (shrink)

Scientists are becoming increasingly aware of a “replicability crisis” in the behavioral, social, and biomedical sciences. Researchers have made progress identifying statistical and methodological...