O alojamento do recluso no estabelecimento prisional deve respeitar a sua dignidade. Os dados oficiais, até dezembro de 2020, revelam sobrelotação em algumas prisões. Analisamos a problemática no foro constitucional, dos direitos de personalidade e do direito penitenciário, recorrendo a fontes legais e doutrinárias. Concluímos que a sobrelotação configura um problema que tem de ser ultrapassado e que existe um claro desfasamento entre a law in the books e a law in action.

Neste texto analisamos blogs da Internet como espaços educativos nos quais se produzem/constroem as identidades juvenis de indivíduos que buscam se inserir no grupo cultural conhecido como nerd/geek. Inseridos nos Estudos Culturais, na sua vertente pós-moderna e pós-estruturalista, valemo-nos da noção de Representação Cultural para analisar como as identidades são constituídas com a escrita/leitura de blogs disponibilizados na web. Destacamos que a forma como se dá o agrupamento dos jovens que escrevem/leem os blogs é efêmera e espontânea, baseada no prazer (...) de estar junto, no consumo de alguns itens e no estabelecimento de alguns laços afetivos momentâneos. Tal compartilhamento tem semelhança com outras “tribos” urbanas deste início de século XXI. Destacamos, também, que não estamos associando a juventude a uma faixa etária particular, mas, isto sim, a um estilo de vida fortemente ligado ao lazer e ao consumo. Os blogs analisados, ao colocarem em circulação representações de identidades nerd/geek, contribuem para a produção discursiva dessas mesmas identidades em função dos modos como os/as integrantes desse grupo partilham formas de apropriar-se de saberes diversos, de utilizar equipamentos tecnológicos, de consumir produtos comerciais e textos midiáticos. (shrink)

ResumoEste artigo analisa o reendereçamento da obra Fita verde no cabelo: nova velha estória ao público infantojuvenil. Em 1992, o conto de Guimarães Rosa foi reeditado pela Nova Fronteira, contando com novo projeto gráfico e com as ilustrações de Roger Mello, em edição dedicada ao público jovem. Além de observar o modo como a obra busca o diálogo com esse público em níveis textuais e imagéticos, o estudo concentra-se na análise das ilustrações. Verifica-se a hipótese de que as imagens, (...) em vez de apenas facilitarem a leitura para um público específico, expandem o sentido da obra original contemplando todos os públicos. Como resultado, demonstra-se a potência das imagens e sua capacidade de enriquecer a experiência de leitura do conto de Rosa.Palavras-chave: João Guimarães Rosa. Reendereçamento. Ilustração. AbstractThis article analyzes the readdressing of the work Fita verde no cabelo: nova velha estória to youth literature. In 1992, Guimarães Rosa's short story was reissued by Nova Fronteira. The book had a new graphic project by Roger Mello. This study focuses not only on how the story is looking for dialogue with the young audience in written-text and visual-image levels, but also in the analysis of illustrations. We verify the hypothesis that the images do not facilitate the reading process for a specific audience, for they are in turn ways to expand the meanings of the original work. The potential of those images is demonstrated along with their capacity to enrich the reading experience of Rosa's short story.Keywords: João Guimarães Rosa. Readdressing. Illustration. (shrink)

La integración de la tecnología en el ámbito del derecho penal plantea desafíos significativos debido a la falta de regulación de la inteligencia artificial (IA), lo que podría comprometer los derechos fundamentales. Este estudio se centra en abordar estos desafíos y proponer soluciones mediante un análisis exhaustivo de la situación actual y las posibles implicaciones de la IA en el sistema jurídico penal. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar los problemas, desafíos y oportunidades que surgen con la implementación (...) de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal. Se busca identificar la necesidad de una regulación específica para la IA en el derecho penal, con el fin de proteger los derechos fundamentales de las personas y garantizar un sistema jurídico justo y equitativo. Para abordar esta problemática, se adoptó un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica detallada para examinar los antecedentes, problemas y desafíos asociados con la IA en los sistemas jurídicos, especialmente en el ámbito penal. Además, se realizaron análisis de criterios y opiniones de expertos en derecho para obtener una comprensión más profunda de la situación y las posibles soluciones. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la necesidad urgente de establecer una normativa específica para regular la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal. Se destaca que la falta de regulación representa un riesgo significativo para los derechos fundamentales, especialmente en lo que respecta a la configuración de delitos con el apoyo de la IA. Además, se identifican diferentes dimensiones que deben abordarse en la regulación, incluyendo principios y reglas básicas del derecho, supervisión humana de los sistemas de IA y la promoción de la innovación responsable en este campo. Este artículo subraya la importancia de establecer una regulación efectiva para la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito penal. Esta regulación no solo protegerá los derechos fundamentales de las personas, sino que también promoverá un uso responsable y progresivo de la IA como una herramienta valiosa para los profesionales del derecho. Es crucial que la regulación sea integral y adaptable para garantizar un sistema jurídico justo y equitativo en la era digital. (shrink)

This paper considers the obligation higher income countries have to lower and middle income countries during a global pandemic. Further considers which reforms are needed to the global supply-chain of medical resources. The short-comings in distribution and medical infrastructure have exacerbated the health crisis in developing countries. Global justice demands radical redistribution of medical resources in order to prevent mass casualties. This is argued first by highlighting that the COVID-19 pandemic should be acknowledged as an issue of global justice, secondly, (...) higher income countries ought to account for distribution inequity as a matter of rectifying past injustices, and thirdly argue for reform in distribution while considering the vaccine rollout as a prime example. We aim to show how the differences from country to country in response capabilities are a result of the economic foundation colonialism established and a direct result of cyclical poverty, which wealthy countries perpetuate to this day. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de Filosofia com Adolescentes na cidade de Araraquara. Buscamos fazer uma relação entre Filosofia e Adolescência e procuramos mostrar uma forma alternativa de se discutir Filosofia com jovens, diferenciada das propostas que partem da História da Filosofia.

This publication features the stories and experiences of pharmacy professionals who identify as members of historically underrepresented groups. This collection of personal essays presents significant events in the lives of those in the pharmacy community whose experiences have been shaped by their race, ethnicity, gender or gender presentation, sexual orientation, ability, language, mental health, or other factors. The perspectives from the narratives highlight the importance of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the healthcare sector. The authors of the narratives also reflect (...) on their experience to consider what they wish would have happened in the experience, to offer advice for others that may be faced with similar situations. Access to these stories will deepen the collective understanding among pharmacy colleagues, patients, and society of the experiences that individuals from historically underrepresented groups within pharmacy have experienced. (shrink)

Language and Theory of Mind come together in communication, but their relationship has been intensely contested. I hypothesize that pragmatic markers connect language and Theory of Mind and enable their co-development and co-evolution through a positive feedback loop, whereby the development of one skill boosts the development of the other. I propose to test this hypothesis by investigating two types of pragmatic markers: demonstratives and articles. Pragmatic markers are closed-class words that encode non-representational information that is unavailable to consciousness, but (...) accessed automatically in processing. These markers have been associated with implicit Theory of Mind because they are used to establish joint attention and mark shared knowledge. Here I develop a theoretical account of how joint attention is the basis for children’s later tracking of common ground. The developmental path from joint attention to common ground parallels language change, with demonstrative forms giving rise to definite articles. This parallel opens the possibility of modelling the emergence of Theory of Mind in human development in tandem with its routinization across language communities and generations of speakers. I therefore propose that, in order to understand the relationship between language and Theory of Mind, we should study pragmatics at three parallel timescales: during language acquisition, language use, and language change. (shrink)

According to popular belief, big data and machine learning provide a wholly novel approach to science that has the potential to revolutionise scientific progress and will ultimately lead to the ‘end of theory’. Proponents of this view argue that advanced algorithms are able to mine vast amounts of data relating to a given problem without any prior knowledge and that we do not need to concern ourselves with causality, as correlation is sufficient for handling complex issues. Consequently, the human contribution (...) to scientific progress is deemed to be non-essential and replaceable. We, however, following the position most commonly represented in the philosophy of science, argue that the need for human expertise remains. Based on an analysis of big data and machine learning methods in two case studies—skin cancer detection and protein folding—we show that expert knowledge is essential and inherent in the application of these methods. Drawing on this analysis, we establish a classification of the different kinds of expert knowledge that are involved in the application of big data and machine learning in scientific contexts. We address the ramifications of a human-driven expert knowledge approach to big data and machine learning for scientific practice and the discussion about the role of theory. Finally, we show that the ways in which big data and machine learning both influence and are influenced by scientific methodology involve continuous conceptual shifts rather than a rigid paradigm change. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This work aims to reflect on possible meanings for the evangelical faith based on utterances produced by three evangelical ministers in their social networks when they enunciate on themes that are linked, directly or indirectly, to political agendas. Based on the theoretical scope of studies in Applied Linguistics and on Bakhtinian conceptions of language, our analyzes point to three predominant meanings, which mean the evangelical faith as: i) reaffirmation of identity; ii) exercise of otherness and respect to the other; (...) and iii) political practice. Such meanings demonstrate that there are contradictions within the religious discursivity, which allows the beating between hate speeches and respect and empathy ones within the realm of the evangelical faith. Thus, looking for cracks in religious discourse that oppose fundamentalist and authoritarian discourses is an ethical duty of a religious leader who recognizes his social and discursive role as influential in taking positions and, therefore, in the lives of the members of their congregation. (shrink)

Cancer is a chronic disease that causes the most deaths in the world, being a public health problem nowadays. Even though breast cancer affects the daily lives of patients, many women become resilient after the disease, decreasing the impact of the diagnosis. Based on a positive psychology approach, the concept of co-vitality arises understood as a set of socio-emotional competencies that enhance psychological adaptation. In this sense, emotional intelligence is one of the main protective factors associated with resilience. However, it (...) is not always as beneficial as it seems, and can lead to collateral effects on psychological adjustment. Given this controversy, this study aims to find the specific processes through which the dimensions of Perceived Emotional Intelligence can act as a risk or protective factor in the development of resilience. The total sample was 167 women, 46.7% were breast cancer survivors, and 53.3% were healthy controls. The selection of women with breast cancer carries out randomly, recruited through the Oncology Units. The sample completed measures of resilience and PEI, through Resilience Scale and TMMS-24. The results showed that breast cancer survivors showed higher age and greater levels of resilience and mood repair than healthy women. The mediation analysis revealed that breast cancer survival and PEI predicted 28% of the variance of resilience. The direct effects showed that emotional clarity and mood repair increased resilience levels. Although breast cancer did not predict resilience directly, it does through mood repair by an indirect process. Besides, the analysis showed that emotional attention played a role in vulnerability, decreasing mood repair, and resilience. These research support theories that point to a possible dark side of PEI, thus, a great level of emotional attention makes dark the positive effect of mood repair and personal growth if a clear perception of emotions does not complement it. These results provide empirical support concerning the need to work complementary each dimension of PEI to avoid unwanted effects on intrapersonal adjustment. (shrink)

El artículo pretende aportar algunos trazos teóricos, metodológicos y prácticos para la lectura de la cuestión del Estado y el poder, desde la perspectiva de la gubernamentalidad sugerida por Foucault y sus herencias latinoamericanas. Se parte del supuesto de que en la actualidad argentina y salteña, la multiplicidad de lógicas y prácticas de gobierno que codifican al Estado y sus avatares encuentran una clara expresión en el gobierno de la pobreza y en los diagramas vinculares entre gobernados y gobernantes, tejidos (...) en los móviles del poder y la resistencia. En esta dirección, se delinean dos ejes expositivos. Por un lado, una analítica de los conceptos y cuestiones sugeridas desde la propuesta de la gubernamentalidad; por otro lado, una aproximación al gobierno de la pobreza y con ello a dos casos que dan cuenta del entramado relacional entre gobernados-gobernantes y prácticas de gobierno, resistencia y autogobierno entre las cuales se configura y re-configura el rol del Estado. Apostando a una “una ontología del presente”, se analizan formas de poder y resistencia que aún hoy en día se constituyen, reconfigurándose. Asimismo se sugiere un cruce metodológico entre genealogía y etnografía, en la apuesta a un ejercicio crítico de pensamiento a fines de contribuir a desnaturalizar y des-sustancializar las prácticas de gobierno, sus lógicas y nuestras conductas presentes. (shrink)

This paper makes use of the concepts and theoretical framework developed within the field of Argumentation Theory to account for the structure and characteristics of abduction and of the comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis. It elaborates an analysis of abduction based on its consideration as a meta-explanatory argumentation scheme while elucidating its relations with abductive reasoning and inference. The conceptualization of comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis as complex and varied argumentative structures is presented as an alternative to the (...) idea of providing a formally rigid and supposedly universal account of ‘inference to the best explanation’. (shrink)

This article seeks to explore the theoretical contributions of Axel Honneth, particularly in his works, The Struggle for Recognition and Reification, aiming at diving deep into the debate on the contemporary ideological expressions and their incidence in the process of subjective constitution in teenage years. This particular interest springs from the need to interweave the concepts of reification, forgetfulness and recognition within a fruitful theoretical field in order to interpret a project work called Hip-Hop: cultures and identities, developed with teenagers (...) in a public school in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. From our point of view, the concepts of reification and forgetfulness are fundamental to identify how the conservative ideological expressions are present in the imaginary of adolescents in the contemporary world. Although rereading the concepts of reification and forgetfulness, as proposed by the author, is regarded as essential for understanding the ideological expressions that are based on and guided by consumption. However, even though we acknowledge Honneth's efforts toward moving forward with the concept of reification, it is crucial to emphasize the mediation concept Lukács explored in his work, History and Class Consciousness, so as to elucidate how the forgetfulness of the primary recognition relations is processed. (shrink)

This article reviews Christopher W. Tindale’s The Philosophy of Argument and Audience Reception.

Contrary to most current epistemologists who concentrate on core cases of rather ‘spontaneous’ trust and belief in the face of assertions, Classical rhetoricians addressed the study of ‘testimony’ as an two-acts phenomenon: that of the ‘disclosure’ of information and that of the ‘appeal’ to its authority in subsequent discursive practices. Moreover, they primarily focused on this second phase as they assumed that it was such argumentative setting that finally gave ‘testimonial’ relevance to the first act. According to this ‘rhetorical’ model, (...) then, it is the dynamics and pragmatics of such complex process that is the core issue regarding ‘testimony’. (shrink)

O impacto para a saúde mental dos filhos da gravidade da depressão materna (DM), em comorbidade com outros transtornos, carece de estudos. Objetivou-se comparar indicadores de saúde mental de escolares, considerando grupos diferenciados pela gravidade da DM com e sem comorbidade com Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline (TPB). Foram avaliadas 90 díades mães-crianças, distribuídas em três grupos, sistematicamente avaliados: Grupo Depressão (GD) - mães com indicadores de sintomas atuais de depressão e histórico de episódios anteriores, sem indicadores de TPB, Grupo Depressão (...) em Comorbidade com TPB (GD-TPB) - mães com sintomas depressivos atuais e histórico de episódios anteriores com comorbidade com indicadores de TPB, e Grupo de Comparação (GC) - mães sem histórico de sintomas depressivos nem indicadores de TPB. As crianças, de ambos os sexos, tinham idade entre seis e 10 anos. Procedeu-se às avaliações em sessões individuais: a) com as mães - Questionário Geral e Questionário Sobre a Saúde do Paciente, Entrevista Clínica TPB e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ); e b) com as crianças - Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven. Tratou-se os dados por procedimentos estatísticos (p ≤0,05). As crianças do GD-TPB apresentaram, com significância estatística, média maior que GD e GC quanto ao escore de problemas total, conduta, hiperatividade e problemas de relacionamento. Verificou-se associação da gravidade da DM com TPB com mais problemas de saúde mental infantil, caracterizando um grupo clínico preferencial para intervenções em saúde mental. (shrink)

This paper makes use of the concepts and theoretical framework developed within the field of Argumentation Theory to account for the structure and characteristics of abduction and of the comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis. It elaborates an analysis of abduction based on its consideration as a meta-explanatory argumentation scheme while elucidating its relations with abductive reasoning and inference. The conceptualization of comparative processes of weighing explanatory hypothesis as complex and varied argumentative structures is presented as an alternative to the (...) idea of providing a formally rigid and supposedly universal account of ‘inference to the best explanation’. (shrink)

El artículo se centra en comprender el desarrollo de las comunidades de aprendizaje, reflexionando sobre los procesos colaborativos en dos grupos de investigación. Corresponde a un relato de experiencia, cruzando los ojos de los dos autores durante un doctorado, realizado por el primero y supervisado por el segundo. Se evidencian acciones de aceptación, pertenencia y compartir, pero también conflictos derivados de las diferencias culturales entre individuos y grupos. En co-construcción de este artículo, que implicó la confrontación y complementariedad de testimonios (...) narrativos de una misma y diferente situación, se asume un proceso intersubjetivo y dialógico en la construcción del conocimiento. (shrink)

O presente estudo pretende compreender como a diáspora interfere no ato de ouvir a programação da Rádio Comunitária 87.9 FM de Frederico Westphalen, Rio Grande do Sul, pela internet, isto é, se o fato de ouvir a emissora por meio do site aproxima os indivíduos diaspóricos de Frederico Westphalen, da Rádio ou de alguém que resida no município e como isso acontece. A metodologia utilizada foi de entrevistas em profundidade com ouvintes da Rádio Comunitária FM que estão em situação de (...) diáspora e também com o diretor da emissora. A grande maioria dos entrevistados ouve a Rádio como uma maneira de se manter próximo a Frederico Westphalen ou a algum familiar ou amigo que resida no município, diminuindo assim os efeitos da diáspora em suas vidas, como a saudade, por exemplo. (shrink)

Procuraremos pensar com esse trabalho a especificidade da performance docente de Gilles Deleuze. Tomando como vetor relatos esparsos acerca de suas aulas, abordaremos a concepção de ensino de filosofia forjada pelo filósofo francês ao longo do exercício de sua atividade docente. Deleuze, em suas aulas, optava por seguir uma linha pedagógica muito distante daquela consagrada pelas academias, adotando como aporte privilegiado para expressar o seu pensamento – bem como o de outros filósofos – o espaço literário ao invés da história (...) da filosofia. Visando acentuar a especificidade do trabalho professoral de Deleuze, propomos contrapor sua postura docente com a de outro importante filósofo, Immanuel Kant. Tal comparação demonstra-se possível uma vez que o tema sobre a impossibilidade de ensinar ou aprender o filosofar é algo em comum a ambos os pensadores, embora sejam filósofos que se encontram em campos de pensamento distintos. Apesar da distância, ambos os pensadores concordam que o filosofar não é algo da ordem da imitação, mas sim da criação. O intuito com tal trabalho de pensamento será o de sugerir algumas problematizações para se pensar o tópico ensino de filosofia.: With this work, we seek think the specificity of the teaching performance of Gilles Deleuze. Taking as vector scattered reports of their classes, we discuss the philosophy of teaching concept forged by the French philosopher during the year of his educational activity. Deleuze, in his classes, chose to follow a very distant pedagogical line that consecrated by the academies, adopting as privileged contribution to express his thoughts - as well as other philosophers - the literary space instead of the history of philosophy for example. In order to emphasize the specificity of professorial work of Deleuze, we propose counteract his teaching position with another important philosopher, Immanuel Kant. This comparison shows is possible since the theme of the impossibility of teaching or learning the philosophy is something common to both thinkers, although they are philosophers who are in different fields of thought. Despite the distance, both thinkers agree that philosophy is not something of the order of imitation, but of creation. The aim with this work of thought will be to suggest some problematizations to think about the topic of teaching philosophy. Keywords: Gilles Deleuze. Afeccion. Performativity. Teaching Philosophy. Literary Space. (shrink)

In this article, I address the issue of whether we have an obligation to remember past immoral actions. My central question is: do we have an obligation to remember past moral transgressions? I address this central question through three more specific questions. In the first section, I enquiry whether we have an obligation to remember our own past transgressions. In the second section, I ask whether we have an obligation to remember the wrongful actions that others have committed against ourselves. (...) In the last section, I investigate whether we have a duty to remember the suffering of victims of crimes that have a political aspect, crimes such as state violence, oppression and racial discrimination, for example. Here I use the term ‘obligation’ in a board sense to refer to actions that are recommended from the moral point of view, that is, when we have moral reasons to act in a certain way. Here I decided to explore these issues from a Kantian perspective. At first glance, Kant does not seem to have much to offer to an ethics of memory since he does not ask these questions directly. Nevertheless, I was interested to explore to what extent Kant’s ethics, and Kantian ethics more generally, can give us tools to answer these questions. What I have discovered is that, despite my initial doubts, the Kantian framework can provide us with materials to build arguments that can help us to answer these questions. In fact, I will argue that in Kant’s ethics, we have an obligation to remember past immoral actions. With regard to our own transgressions, I argue that we ought to remember our past transgressions because this is an aspect of our moral development. With regard to others’ transgressions, I argue that we have a duty of self-respect to demand that others respect us (in the Kantian sense, that is, that others treat us in a morally correct way) and that this involves remembering others’ transgressions, particularly when there is no evidence of their repentance or if they have not apologized. However, if we have (fallible) reasons to think that the wrongdoer has repented, then there is certainly no need to continue to remind them of their offenses. Thus, in the first two sections, my arguments are based on a certain interpretation of Kant’s ethical texts. However, when I address the political dimension of the ethics of memory I have based my arguments on the work of contemporary authors, especially Jeffrey Blustein. In the last section then, the perspective is more ‘Kantian’ than Kant’s. I argue that we have a duty to remember the victims of social and political injustice (social and political violence, oppression, discrimination, atrocity and crimes against humanity). Defenders of the importance of political memory usually appeal to consequentialist arguments. However, these arguments have limits. A Kantian perspective (deontological) is relevant here because it allows us to provide new arguments in support of the importance of political memory and thus ultimately to provide a stronger defense of duties of memory. -/- The issues that arise in relation to an ethics of memory will no doubt require that we study other sources in addition to the materials and arguments provided from a Kantian perspective. Nevertheless, I conclude that perhaps a bit surprisingly, the Kantian tradition has more to offer than it initially seemed, and it can certainly provide part of the theoretical framework to develop an ethics of memory. (shrink)

Today, scientific research is seen as being largely dominated by the short-term, and by the constant need to gain legitimacy in the eyes of society. This text analyzes the existing literature on the concept of future and seeks to explore some of the main meanings it has for scientists. Based on interviews with researchers working on different projects in Portuguese research centers, the authors scrutinize some of the implications of the recurrent reference to the future in their research agendas. Starting (...) with a review of the literature on the relations between science, time, and future, they show that nowadays, scientists experience some difficulty when dealing with the long-term in science, mostly due to the pressure of the market on innovation. In view of their profiles and discourses, what must be stressed are the risks and challenges playing out in the conflict between the short and the long term in scientific research. (shrink)

Today, scientific research is seen as being largely dominated by the short-term, and by the constant need to gain legitimacy in the eyes of society. This text analyzes the existing literature on the concept of future and seeks to explore some of the main meanings it has for scientists. Based on interviews with researchers working on different projects in Portuguese research centers, the authors scrutinize some of the implications of the recurrent reference to the future in their research agendas. Starting (...) with a review of the literature on the relations between science, time, and future, they show that nowadays, scientists experience some difficulty when dealing with the long-term in science, mostly due to the pressure of the market on innovation. In view of their profiles and discourses, what must be stressed are the risks and challenges playing out in the conflict between the short and the long term in scientific research. (shrink)

Abstractabstract:This article examines the complexity of narratives of space and time which support the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and the consequences for patients disadvantaged by deficits in social cognition or socioeconomic status in areas relating to literacy. In the context of demonstrating the significance of narratives of space and time in the diagnostic process for multiple sclerosis, the article discusses new strategies for treatment that engage the arts and humanities and presents a brief history of the disease and current diagnostic (...) criteria, before discussing the MS Society of Great Britain and Ireland's awareness and fundraising campaign from the 1980s, and Tom Kempinski's play Duet for One, inspired by the life of cellist Jacqueline du Pré. The conclusion addresses the urgency of heightening patient and clinician awareness of how the presentation, interpretation, and sharing of narrative accounts of disease influence health outcomes and makes suggestions about how to adjust for these biases. (shrink)

This paper tries to offer a descriptive account of the normative workings of evaluative fallacy charges directed to narratives. In order to do that, I first defend the continuity and mutual dependence, as based on a dynamical conception of argument, between the ‘belief conception’ and the ‘argumentative conception’ of fallacy. Then, I construe a catalogue of ‘fallacy charges’ based on both such a continuity and the variety of counterarguments explored by the theoretical framework of Argument Dialectics. And finally, I apply (...) these ideas and distinctions in the analysis of four examples of published texts in which the charge of ‘fallacious narrative’ is issued by a discursive agent against other discursive agents’ either full-fledged narratives or narrative assumptions. The analyses confirm some of the characteristics mentioned in the catalogue as well as the argumentative nature of fallacy charges, even when the censored discourse does not exactly or explicitly contain an argument. The analyses also help understand the distinction between a rather concrete ‘linguistic’ use of the term narrative and a more abstract and elusive ‘discursive’ one, in which the difficulties of both identifying the object of censorship and the exact meaning of the fallacy charge multiply. (shrink)

Place-based policies tackle grand socio-economic challenges through differentiated, context-sensitive interventions. However, they often run the risk of under- or mis-performing. This work studies how grand challenges translate from policy to cross-sector partnerships through place. By focusing on the place-based policy of regional smart specialization (RIS3), I investigate how the setup of science and technology parks mediates the practices of the actors in the translation chain: a transnational policymaker (macro), a regional broker (meso), and a local partnership which served as prototype (...) for the regional policy (micro level). I document two types of practices—emplacement and space configuration—enacted at each level, and show how their interplay transformed the grand challenge from a cautious ideal at the macro level which balances risk and responsibility, to an optimistic and risk-prone approach at the partnership level. The study contributes to the policy and cross-sector partnerships literatures by documenting a two-sided effect of place-based policy and a consequent risk of ethical reversal, from an early attractor bringing partners together to a later accomplice keeping the partners together despite evident signs of failure. By adopting a strong multimodal approach, I also distinguish four types of multimodal outcomes—ideal type, prototype, virtual model, and lived artifact—which perform the two-sided effect and bring about the risk of reversal. Practical implications include a redistribution of the burden of failure from the CSPs implementing the grand challenges to the institutional fields in which these are bred. (shrink)

O presente trabalho tem como fio condutor mostrar a importância dos profetas e dos santos no Masnavi de Rumi – místico da tradição Islâmica Sufi, nascido em Vakhsh, nas cercanias de Balkh atual Afeganistão, em 1207. Para Rumi os profetas e santos são instrumentos de comunicação entre Deus e suas criaturas. Muito além de figuras históricas, profetas e santos atualizam a mensagem e trazem para o mundo fenomênico os sutis influxos do numinoso. O presente estudo parte da linhagem de Adão (...) e passando pelos diversos profetas comuns às tradições monoteístas culmina com a figura de Mohammad. Da mesma maneira, os santos que a tradição islâmica celebra como pontes entre os mundos e mensageiros que atualizam a mensagem divina têm para Rumi a força de serem enviados que podem ser vistos e ouvidos sintetizando os ensinamentos eternos em vivências temporais atualizadas. Para Rumi a importância dos profetas e dos santos se revela nos traços marcantes que cada um deles adquire e que os reveste como enviados e amigos de Deus, pontes atualizadas de uma mensagem eterna e perene. Por este motivo, Rumi concita cada discípulo e crente a escutar a mensagem dos profetas e a visitar os santos a fim de atualizar os segredos teofânicos de Deus. (shrink)

Parents have the autonomous right to choose or refuse a treatment for their child, even those that are life sustaining, if it is extraordinary or disproportionate and it is within the best interest and well-being of their child. Pediatric health care is practiced with the goal of promoting the best interests of the child to do so. Treatment is generally rendered under a presumption in favor of sustaining life. However, in some circumstances, the balance of benefits and burdens to the (...) child leads to an assessment that forgoing life-sustaining medical treatment (LSMT) is ethically supportable or advisable. Input from specialists in palliative care, ethics, pastoral care, and other disciplines enhances support for families and medical staff when decisions to forgo LSMT are being considered. (shrink)

En este trabajo se revisan las confluencias e influencias mutuas que se dan, de manera generalizada entre el movimiento, con objetivos marcadamente pedagógicos, del Pensamiento Crítico y las investigaciones provenientes del campo interdisciplinar de la Teoría de la Argumentación. Existiendo un cierto consenso en considerar que la pensadora crítica es un ser humano dotado de ciertas habilidades y disposiciones específicas, aquí se aborda la posible caracterización explícitamente argumentativa y particularmente interactiva y dialéctica de tales habilidades y disposiciones, explorando las aportaciones (...) realizadas por algunos teóricos de la argumentación y algunos representantes del movimiento del pensamiento crítico a tal efecto. Al resituar las habilidades y disposiciones de pensamiento crítico como intrínsecamente asociadas a la capacidad de participar activa y relevantemente en prácticas comunicativas de dar, pedir y examinar razones se hace justicia al origen pragmatista de algunos de los objetivos iniciales del movimiento del critical thinking. (shrink)

Carla CANULLO Paco Editorial, Trad. Íris Fátima da Silva Uribe e Luis Uribe Miranda 2021 404 páginas. Jundiaí São, Brasil ISBN: 978-85-462-1999-5.

The topic of the presence, legitimacy and epistemic worth of narrative explanations in different kinds of scientific discourse has already enjoyed several revivals within related discussions in contemporary philosophy of science. In fact, we have recently witnessed a more extensive, more unprejudiced and ambitious attention to narrative modes of making science. I think we need a systematic theoretical framework in order to categorize these different functions of narratives and understand their role in scientific explanatory and justificatory practice. My claim is (...) that some distinctions and analytic tools developed within the field of contemporary Argumentation Theory might be of help. (shrink)

Este artigo busca interpretar a gravura "Melancolia I", do renascentista alemão Albrecht Dürer, segundo o pano de fundo filosófico do pensamento de Spinoza. A ideia central é a de que, nessa gravura, haveria uma intuição artístico-filosófica pela qual Dürer foi levado a associar a tristeza melancólica à ideia de um conhecimento confuso e turvado pela imaginação. Tal intuição se completaria numa outra gravura, criada no mesmo ano, o "São Jerônimo em seu gabinete", na qual a melancolia do "homem de cultura" (...) renascentista desaparece. Tais intuições permitiriam ler as duas gravuras sob a ótica das "teorias" da mente e do conhecimento de Spinoza, para quem o conhecimento está associado à alegria, desde que esteja livre das sombras da imaginação projetadas pelo medo, pelo desejo excessivo, pelas crenças ou pelas superstições. This article seeks to interpret the engraving "Melencolia I" , made by the German Renaissance’s painter Albrecht Dürer, according to the philosophical background of Spinoza’s thought. The central idea is that, in this picture, there would be an artistic-philosophical intuition by which Dürer associated melancholy to the idea of a confused and muddied knowledge caused by imagination. Another engraving, also created in 1514, completes this intuition: "St. Jerome in his study", in which the melancholy of the Renaissance’s "man of culture" disappears. Such insights allow reading the two pictures from the perspective of Spinoza’s "theories" of mind and knowledge. He assumes that knowledge is associated with joy, since it is free from the shadows of the imagination projected by fear, excessive desire, beliefs or/and superstitions. (shrink)

Não parece haver, ao menos num primeiro olhar, qualquer ponto de convergência entre a literatura de Lampedusa e a filosofia de Kierkegaard. Contudo, com um pouco mais de investigação, tal percepção revela-se falsa. Ambos os autores situam-se no século XIX e, nesse sentido, há forte conexão entre ambos a partir de uma análise histórica, filosófica e política. É verdade que o italiano escreve no século XX, mas o faz descrevendo o século anterior, período onde o dinamarquês produziu a sua obra. (...) O autor siciliano aborda em sua literatura um dos temas mais instigantes do século XIX, a saber, a descrença em mudanças políticas. Segundo avaliamos, tal concepção possui afinidades com um certo niilismo cristão presente na obra kierkegaardiana. Desse modo, nosso intuito é observar como os dois autores, mesmo não se conhecendo, foram capazes de construir ligações significativas entre o sul da Itália e o mundo nórdico e, assim, numa visão panorâmica desses séculos, parecem muito mais próximos do que se poderia a princípio imaginar. Para tanto, dividiremos nosso artigo do seguinte modo: num primeiro momento, abordaremos aspectos da obra O Leopardo de Lampedusa e suas possíveis conexões com o pensamento kierkegaardiano. Na sequência, apresentaremos uma análise do tema do niilismo a partir da interpretação da obra de Karl Löwith. Por fim, concluiremos com uma aproximação entre os dois niilismos: o de Lampedusa e o de Kierkegaard. (shrink)