Name der Zeitschrift: Byzantinische Zeitschrift Jahrgang: 108 Heft: 2 Seiten: 827-844.

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:A Response to David Carr, “The Significance of Music for the Promotion of Moral and Spiritual Value”Iris M. YobDavid Carr has addressed a question that has been lurking in philosophical literature for centuries and, I might add, in our collective intuition as well: Just what is the connection between music and the moral and spiritual life? And as we have come to expect from his work, he brings a (...) new perspective to this perennial question in his answer. First he traces a line of thinking since Plato about music and the ordering of the soul, he touches on the role of music and the other arts in exploring the complexities of the moral imperative as it is lived out in human lives, and returns at the end to give a new take on the old Platonic idea of ordering of the soul. Just maybe, he suggests, the detachment, however temporary, "from the trials and tribulations that beset us in the day to day rough and tumble of human practical affairs" "in the interests of some more balanced perspective" on spiritual and moral matters "might be easier to achieve in the contemplation and appreciation of great works of 'music alone.'"This conclusion does not lay claim to more than what is perfectly reasonable. Allowing oneself to be immersed in a great work of music or art or architecture or dance may very well provide that distance from every day life where one might [End Page 209] re-center and refocus, refresh and renew one's outlook on the world. Such an engagement with an artwork can interrupt the patterns of thinking and acting that might have become increasingly thoughtless and ego-centric. It can be a re-creation in the true sense of the word. Paul Tillich, one of the great twentieth century religious philosophers, tells of an experience he had during the First World War where he served as a chaplain in the German army. On a brief leave from the front he visited Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Berlin and stood entranced before Botticelli's "Madonna and Child with Singing Angels." The moment was spiritually transformative, he tells us, lifting his spirits beyond the mud and grime of the battlefield to contemplate life and meaning on a different plane altogether. The experience enabled him to return to duty with renewed inner strength and calm.1 I believe this is a rather powerful and compelling example of what Carr is talking about.In coming to his conclusion, Carr is relying on the particularly difficult case of "music alone," that is, music that does not have words, title, or any other kind of representative function. In other words his argument does not depend on any didactic nature or morally or spiritually directive intent of the music. Rather, it is centered on music that ostensibly is not about anything. This is musical sound composed and performed for the appreciation of what it is in itself. And yet, in providing distance from the every day world, according to Carr, it can give expression to "realms of spiritual experience that lie beyond the sensual and empirical." Here we enter the world of the metaphorical and symbolic, what Rudolf Otto would call the "irrational" or "superrational," or the realm of the Holy. While Carr does not state this explicitly I would go so far as to say that this realm of the wordless and sacred is where the spiritual and the moral are grounded and from where they draw their power.Against this background, I would like to ask how does "music alone," in the sense intended by Carr and Peter Kivy from whom he borrowed the term bring about this effect? We are unable now to ask Tillich what it was that gave the Botticelli its impact for him, but it is curious that what it did for him it most likely did not do for all the other soldiers from the front who happened upon it the way he did. Tillich would most likely explain its effect by resorting to his theory of symbols, because after all this painting does have a literal meaning that might very well have inspired him. But... (shrink)

Biological individuality is a notoriously thorny topic for biologists and philosophers of biology. In this paper we argue that biological individuality presents multiple, interconnected questions for biologists and philosophers that together form a problem agenda. Using a case study of an interdisciplinary research group in ecology, behavioral and evolutionary biology, we claim that a debate on biological individuality that seeks to account for diverse practices in the biological sciences should be broadened to include and give prominence to questions about uniqueness (...) and temporality. We show that broadening the problem agenda of biological individuality draws attention to underrecognized philosophical issues and discussions and thereby organizes and enriches the existing debate. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:A Response to David Carr, “The Significance of Music for the Promotion of Moral and Spiritual Value”Iris M. YobDavid Carr has addressed a question that has been lurking in philosophical literature for centuries and, I might add, in our collective intuition as well: Just what is the connection between music and the moral and spiritual life? And as we have come to expect from his work, he brings a (...) new perspective to this perennial question in his answer. First he traces a line of thinking since Plato about music and the ordering of the soul, he touches on the role of music and the other arts in exploring the complexities of the moral imperative as it is lived out in human lives, and returns at the end to give a new take on the old Platonic idea of ordering of the soul. Just maybe, he suggests, the detachment, however temporary, "from the trials and tribulations that beset us in the day to day rough and tumble of human practical affairs" "in the interests of some more balanced perspective" on spiritual and moral matters "might be easier to achieve in the contemplation and appreciation of great works of 'music alone.'"This conclusion does not lay claim to more than what is perfectly reasonable. Allowing oneself to be immersed in a great work of music or art or architecture or dance may very well provide that distance from every day life where one might [End Page 209] re-center and refocus, refresh and renew one's outlook on the world. Such an engagement with an artwork can interrupt the patterns of thinking and acting that might have become increasingly thoughtless and ego-centric. It can be a re-creation in the true sense of the word. Paul Tillich, one of the great twentieth century religious philosophers, tells of an experience he had during the First World War where he served as a chaplain in the German army. On a brief leave from the front he visited Kaiser Friedrich Museum in Berlin and stood entranced before Botticelli's "Madonna and Child with Singing Angels." The moment was spiritually transformative, he tells us, lifting his spirits beyond the mud and grime of the battlefield to contemplate life and meaning on a different plane altogether. The experience enabled him to return to duty with renewed inner strength and calm.1 I believe this is a rather powerful and compelling example of what Carr is talking about.In coming to his conclusion, Carr is relying on the particularly difficult case of "music alone," that is, music that does not have words, title, or any other kind of representative function. In other words his argument does not depend on any didactic nature or morally or spiritually directive intent of the music. Rather, it is centered on music that ostensibly is not about anything. This is musical sound composed and performed for the appreciation of what it is in itself. And yet, in providing distance from the every day world, according to Carr, it can give expression to "realms of spiritual experience that lie beyond the sensual and empirical." Here we enter the world of the metaphorical and symbolic, what Rudolf Otto would call the "irrational" or "superrational," or the realm of the Holy. While Carr does not state this explicitly I would go so far as to say that this realm of the wordless and sacred is where the spiritual and the moral are grounded and from where they draw their power.Against this background, I would like to ask how does "music alone," in the sense intended by Carr and Peter Kivy from whom he borrowed the term bring about this effect? We are unable now to ask Tillich what it was that gave the Botticelli its impact for him, but it is curious that what it did for him it most likely did not do for all the other soldiers from the front who happened upon it the way he did. Tillich would most likely explain its effect by resorting to his theory of symbols, because after all this painting does have a literal meaning that might very well have inspired him. But... (shrink)

In the paper translated here, Carnap and Bachmann shows that the apparently metalinguistic ?extremal' axioms that are added to some axiom systems to the effect that the foregoing axioms are to apply as broadly, or as narrowly, as possible may be formulated directly as proper axioms. They analyze such axioms into four fundamental types, with the help of a concept of ?complete? isomorphism.

Excerpt from Worterbuch der Philosophischen Begriffe, Vol. 1: Historisch-Quellenmassig Bearbeitet; A bis N Die Anordnung des Materials ist so getroffen worden, dafs in erster Linie die Ubersichtlichkeit des Stoffes gesichert wurde. Die logisch - systematische und die chronologisch-genetische Dispositions weise wurden nach Moglichkeit miteinander combiniert. Auf allzu subtile Einteilungen kam es hier, in einem Worterbuchs, nicht so sehr an, verfuhrt doch eine solche, die gewohnlich durch allerhand Voraussetzungen und Annahmen bedingt ist, selbst also den Charakter einer Theorie, einer Hypothese hat, (...) zur Subjectiviernug der Darstellung, wahrend doch dem Herausgeber au moglichster Objectivitat lag; diese ist denn auch von der Kritik anerkannt werden. Den eigenen Standpunkt, den der Fachmann als einen in so mancher Beziehung selbstandigen erkennen wird, hat der Herausgeber in den an der Spitze der einzelnen Artikel stehenden Begriffs. Bestimmungen zwar kurz, pracis, aber, wie er glaubt, nicht nu wissenschaftlich, entwickelt. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.". (shrink)

Summary This article presents the person–environment analysis as a framework for participatory and holistic research. By using common methods of qualitative research and analysis, it is possible to capture the present situation of a person. The person–environment analysis is built on Kurt Lewin’s field theory and a further development of its system of visual representation of the life space. It is argued that the person–environment analysis offers a frame to represent the perceived subjective situation of a person, which can be (...) used in research, yet offers the possibility of counseling and intervention. (shrink)

Eislers Grundlagenwerk von 1905 bietet eine systematische Ubersicht samtlicher philosophischer Grundfragen. Seine kritische Stellungnahme zu verschiedenen Losungsansatzen fuhrt zu selbststandiger Reflexion im Gebiet der Erkenntnis- und Prinzipienlehre. Rudolf Eisler (1873-1926) war osterreichischer Philosoph und Mitbegrunder der Soziologischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Als sein Hauptwerk gilt heute das Worterbuch der philosophischen Begriffe." Aus seinem Nachlass veroffentlicht wurde ausserdem das Kant-Lexikon." Sein Philosophiestudium absolvierte Eisler in Leipzig, Prag und Wien. Eislers philosophische Schriften wurden insbesondere von Immanuel Kant und Wilhelm Wundt beeinflusst. Eislers (...) besonderes wissenschaftliches Bestreben lag darin, Realismus und Idealismus im Idealrealismus sinnstiftend zu verbinden.". (shrink)

Dieses historische Buch kann zahlreiche Tippfehler und fehlende Textpassagen aufweisen. Kaufer konnen in der Regel eine kostenlose eingescannte Kopie des originalen Buches vom Verleger herunterladen (ohne Tippfehler). Ohne Indizes. Nicht dargestellt. 1898 edition. Auszug:...so viel uber allen Zweifel erhoben zu haben, dass es sich hier um ein einheitliches, planvoll angelegtes, genau durchdachtes und folgerichtig durchgefuhrtes Ganzes, um eine Schopfung aus einem Gusse handelt, kurz ausgedruckt: unsere heutigen Umgangsformen enthalten eine vollstandige Organisation des Umgangs, ein ebenburtiges Seitenstuck zu der Organisation des (...) Verkehrs in Form des Rechts. Eine solche Behauptung lasst sich mit einigen allgemeinen Bemerkungen und einzelnen wenigen Beispielen nicht abthun, sie erfordert einen stringenten Beweis, und derselbe ist nur zu erbringen durch Aufbringung eines reichen Apparates. Auch bei dieser Aufgabe werde ich des Stofflichen eher zu viel als zu wenig bringen, getreu der Maxime, die ich bei diesem Werk unausgesetzt befolgt habe, meinen Abstractionen eine moglichst breite Unterlage an einem reichen Detail zu geben. Wem ich des Guten zu viel zu thun scheine, der moge sich erinnern, dass ich genothigt bin, die Sache erst aus dem Groben herauszuarbeiten--ware ich auf diesem Gebiete mein eigener Nachfolger, ich wurde mich kurzer fassen. 0. Wissenschaftliche Kritik der Umgangsformen--echte und unechte Anstandsregeln. Alle Umgangsformen haben den Zweck, den Umgang zu ermoglichen, zu sichern, zu fordern, angenehm und behaglich zu gestalten, --sie enthalten die durch die Sitte beschaffte und gehandhabte Disciplin des gesellschaftlichen Benehmens, wie sie den Vorstellungen der massgebenden Gesellschaftskreise dieses Volks und dieser Zeit entspricht. Es sind die massgebenden d. h. die relativ hoch oder hochst gestellten Kreise, welche die Formen des geselligen Verkehrs...". (shrink)

Die Einheit des 15. Jahrhunderts wird zerissen, wenn man dieses Saeculum nur als Zeit der Vorbereitung von Reformation und Renaissance versteht. Um diese Einheit und Koharenz mit der vorhergehenden Zeit bemuht sich Stadelmann: Das Werk vermittelt differenzierte Einsichten in die Weltauffassung einer zu Ende gehenden Epoche und ruckt deren denkwardige Gestalten in diese so gewonnene Sicht: Cusanus, Wessel, Agrippa, Denck und Franck.'Der Neudruck macht mit einem klassischen Werk der deutschen Geschichtsschreibung erneut bekannt: Parallel zu Huizingas Herbst des Mittelalters entstanden [.], (...) behandelt es die gleiche Zeit aus ahnlichem Ansatz, jedoch unter anderem, eigenstandigen Aspekt. Starker geistesgeschichtlich orientiert, wird das 15. Jahrhundert unter den Merkmalen Skepsis (Ockham, Nominalismus, Cusanus), Resignation (Mystik), Emanzipation (Rationalismus) und Pessimismus (Historisches Selbstbewusstsein) betrachtet, ein bemerkenswert moderner Ansatz.' ekz-Informationsdienst. (shrink)

14 lectures and talks, Ilkley, Yorkshire, August 5-17, 1923 (CW 307) In this fine introduction to Waldorf education, written out of a series of lectures given in 1924, Steiner provides one of the most comprehensive introductions to his pedagogical philosophy, psychology, and practice. Steiner begins by describing the union of science, art, religion and morality, which was the aim of all his work and underlies his concept of education. Against this background, many of the lectures describe a new developmental psychology. (...) On this basis, having established how children's consciousness develops, Steiner discusses how different subjects should be presented so that individuals can grow and flourish inwardly. Only if the child absorbs the right subject in the right way at the right time can the inner freedom so necessary for life in the modern world become second nature. Contents: Introduction by Christopher Bamford Science, Art, Religion, Morality The Principles of Greek Education Greek Education and the Middle Ages Spirit's Relationship to the Body Freeing Volition in the Human Organism Walking, Speaking, Thinking Rhythm, Sleep, Imitation Reading, Writing, Nature Study Arithmetic, Geometry, History Physics, Chemistry, Handwork, Language, Religion Memory, Temperaments, Physical Education, Art Education toward Inner Freedom The Three Eras of Human Religious Education Closing Address Index "Readers of Steiner's lectures printed here will be 'quietly astonished' and 'genuinely enthusiastic.' After an introduction, in which he speaks of reuniting science (intellectual knowledge), art, and morality once again, he turns to the principles of Greek education, in which body, soul, and spirit were still a unity. He then traces the development through the Middle Ages, during which new, evolving elements were added. In our time, he says, we must understand the concrete connection of the spirit with the human being, so that thinking, feeling, and willing can once more become alive. He relates this to the child's developmental stages, as well as the human basics such a sleeping and waking. Then he turns to the specifics of the curriculum: reading, writing, nature study, arithmetic, geometry, history physics, chemistry, crafts, language, and religion. Finally, he turns to memory, the temperaments, physical culture, art, and the actual organization of a Waldorf school--to which this volume is, all in all, one of the best introductions." --Christopher Bamford, from his introduction German source: Gegenw rtiges Geistesleben und Erziehung (GA 307). Previous English edition: Education and Modern Spiritual Life. (shrink)

Thomas und Augustinus.--Das Wesen des Thomismus.--Die Bedeutung des Thomismus in der Gegenwart.

Name der Zeitschrift: Byzantinische Zeitschrift Jahrgang: 111 Heft: 3 Seiten: 747-776.

Name der Zeitschrift: Byzantinische Zeitschrift Jahrgang: 107 Heft: 2 Seiten: 851-876.