In September 2018, a controversial judicial sentence concerning sexual violence caused a public outcry in Portugal. The court decision invoked the alleged environment of mutual seduction, the use of much alcohol consumption, and the lack of serious injuries to justify the suspended penalty. Stemming from the idea that understandings of what journalism is and what it should be are profoundly ideological and that notions of what it means to be and to behave like a woman and as a man have (...) been developed based on shifting realities within generalised patriarchal structures, this article intends to critically analyse the news media coverage of the controversial judicial sentence on this rape case in Portugal exploring the implications objective-based journalism entails for gender equality. As such, it will identify the shortcomings of objectivity and its leeway when covering sexual violence exploring how objective-based journalism provides room to negotiate practices, norms, identities, and meanings concerning sexual violence, particularly rape and rape myths, and questioning whether a margin of maneuvre is enough to deconstruct patriarchal assumptions of feminity, masculinity and sexuality. (shrink)

The imposition of telework due to the COVID-19 pandemic brought with it the need for individuals to readjust their work-non-work boundaries. In this crisis situation, individuals’ needs to manage these boundaries may have been influenced by contextual factors, such as family-supportive supervisor behaviors and macro-structural aspects, such as the country to which the teleworkers belong. This study tests the mediating effect of boundary control on the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life and examines the moderating effect of the country (...) in the relationship between FSSB and boundary control. With a sample of 108 Portuguese and 118 Pakistani individuals, the results were analyzed using Process tool. FSSB was found to be important for teleworkers to control their boundaries and for their satisfaction with life and this control was also seen to contribute to higher levels of life satisfaction. Differences between the two countries were observed: boundary control mediates the relationship between FSSB and satisfaction with life for Pakistani teleworkers and these workers are more dependent on FSSB to exercise boundary control than Portuguese teleworkers. This study highlights the importance of considering contextual factors when implementing telework. Practical implications are discussed. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende mostrar que, apesar dos problemas relacionados com o trabalho com as Reflexões e Preleções sobre filosofia moral de Kant, esses textos são não somente perfeitamente utilizáveis no estudo do pensamento moral kantiano, como também são indispensáveis para a análise da evolução de suas doutrinas.

El problema con el que se abre este texto es el de la exclusión de los testimonios de la biblioteca filosófica y el objetivo será sostener que dichos textos pueden ser incluidos. Para ello se intentará, primero, desestabilizar la distinción entre texto filosófico y no-filosófico. Luego, se buscará poner de manifiesto que los testimonios son un modo de expresión que es coherente con una determinada concepción de filosofía. En tercer lugar, se pretende abrir la posibilidad de un discurso filosófico no-proposición (...) en los testimonios. Finalmente, se pondrá de manifiesto que lo que hay en los testimonios son imágenes y que ellas deben ser interpretadas en tanto que tales para poder acceder a su saber filosóficos. (shrink)

El presente texto se instala en el marco del conocido asunto de la "importación" del pensamiento filosófico europeo a América Latina. Se intentará, esta vez, abordarlo desde la perspectiva de los sujetos concretos, quienes habrían sido los que trajeron consigo dicho mundo filosófico a Chile. El primer objetivo será llevar a cabo un rastreo de los pensadores del Viejo Mundo que habiendo llegado a Chile tuvieron una influencia institucional gravitante, al punto de que es posible hablar de ellos en términos (...) de su destacable participación en la historia del pensamiento filosófico en Chile. El segundo objetivo será mostrar, justamente a raíz de lo anterior, la instalación y proceso de naturalización de un eurocentrismo reinante en el ámbito filosófico chileno. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo se replantea el denominado «A. Smith’s problem» como base para una reconsideración de la interrelación entre Ética y Economía. A partir de la revisión crítica de los intentos de integrar la obra de Smith, se propone una alternativa de solución construida sobre los conceptos de simpatía y espectador imparcial. En particular, se pone de manifiesto que la moral entendida como extensión de relaciones de simpatía constituye una precondición para la existencia de cualquier forma de mercado. El (...) análisis llevado a cabo permite aclarar cómo la moral constituye una base del sistema económico y cómo éste, a su vez, condiciona la propia moral. (shrink)

O presente texto versa sobre as utilizações políticas que a conversão dos grupos indígenas suscitou na fronteira amazônica. A fronteira a que aludimos aqui diz respeito aos rios Marañon, Solimões e Negro, onde os limites das colônias europeias se encontravam. Se por um lado havia o caráter espiritual, em reduzir os indígenas a fé católica, por outro, as conversões foram amplamente utilizadas pelos estados ibéricos para garantir sua zona de influência, além de garantir a supremacia econômica no vale amazônico. E (...) além dos ibéricos, a conversão foi uma política na qual os indígenas se aproveitaram para tirar vantagens da condição de “vassalo do rei”, que o fato de se tornar católico expressava. Desse modo, o presente trabalho dialoga com os estudos de fronteira, sobretudo, com a noção de Missão como instituição de fronteira, além do Protagonismo Indígena, em demonstrar a perspectiva dos grupos nativos, frente ao processo de conversão. (shrink)

In a controlled laboratory experiment we use one sample of college students and one of mature executives to investigate how positive skew influences risky choices. In reduced-form regressions we find that both students and executives make riskier choices when lotteries display positive skew. We estimate decision models to explore three explanations for skew seeking choices: risk-loving, optimism and likelihood insensitivity. We find no role for love for risk as neither students nor executives have convex utility. Both optimism and likelihood insensitivity (...) play a part in skew seeking choices. Likelihood insensitivity is larger for students than for executives. Executives have more concave utility and are more optimistic than students, but this is found to be largely due to them being older. (shrink)

La integración de libros electrónicos como elementos destinados a favorecer la construcción de aprendizajes en los procesos educativos, supone una serie de conocimientos previos concernientes a las tendencias hipertextuales del e-book que los estudiantes universitarios deberían poseer, dadas las características de la sociedad actual en la que los jóvenes hacen uso cotidiano de ese tipo de tecnología para llevar a cabo diversas tareas. En ese tenor, el presente trabajo da cuenta de una investigación realizada con una población estudiantil de la (...) Carrera de Cirujano Dentista, cuyo objetivo se encaminó a identificar aquellos elementos involucrados con la adopción del libro en formato electrónico como apoyo didáctico para la asignatura Metodología de la Investigación. (shrink)

The aim of this work is to analyse the influence of sociocultural factors on corruption levels. Taking as starting point Husted (J Int Bus Studies 30:339–359, 1999) and Graeff (In: Lambsdorff J, Taube M, Schramm M (eds) The new institutional economics of corruption. Routledge, London, 2005) proposals, we consider both the interrelation between cultural dimensions and the diverse expressions of social capital with corruption. According to our results, the universalistic trust (linking and bridging social capital) constitutes a positive social capital (...) that is negatively linked to corruption. In contrast, the particularistic levels of trust (bonding) can constitute a negative social capital directly related to corruption levels. Furthermore, cultures which are favourable to the legitimation of dependency relations and the formation of closed particularistic groups (power-distance and community factors) create a breeding ground for the development of these amoral rent-seeking structures. (shrink)

Human-Computer Interaction and games set a new domain in understanding people’s motivations in gaming, behavioral implications of game play, game adaptation to player preferences and needs for increased engaging experiences in the context of HCI serious games. When the latter relate with people’s health status, they can become a part of their daily life as assistive health status monitoring/enhancement systems. Co-designing HCI-SGs can be seen as a combination of art and science that involves a meticulous collaborative process. The design elements (...) in assistive HCI-SGs for Parkinson’s Disease patients, in particular, are explored in the present work. Within this context, the Game-Based Learning design framework is adopted here and its main game-design parameters are explored for the Exergames, Dietarygames, Emotional games, Handwriting games, and Voice games design, drawn from the PD-related i-PROGNOSIS Personalized Game Suite holistic approach. Two main data sources were involved in the study. In particular, the first one includes qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, involving 10 PD patients and four clinicians in the co-creation process of the game design, whereas the second one relates with data from an online questionnaire addressed by 104 participants spanning the whole related spectrum, i.e., PD patients, physicians, software/game developers. Linear regression analysis was employed to identify an adapted GBL framework with the most significant game-design parameters, which efficiently predict the transferability of the PGS beneficial effect to real-life, addressing functional PD symptoms. The findings of this work can assist HCI-SG designers for designing PD-related HCI-SGs, as the most significant game-design factors were identified, in terms of adding value to the role of HCI-SGs in increasing PD patients’ quality of life, optimizing the interaction with personalized HCI-SGs and, hence, fostering a collaborative human-computer symbiosis. (shrink)

We study an alternative embedding of IPC into atomic system F whose translation of proofs is based, not on instantiation overflow, but instead on the admissibility of the elimination rules for disjunction and absurdity. As compared to the embedding based on instantiation overflow, the alternative embedding works equally well at the levels of provability and preservation of proof identity, but it produces shorter derivations and shorter simulations of reduction sequences. Lambda-terms are employed in the technical development so that the algorithmic (...) content is made explicit, both for the alternative and the original embeddings. The investigation of preservation of proof-reduction steps by the alternative embedding enables the analysis of generation of “administrative” redexes. These are the key, on the one hand, to understand the difference between the two embeddings; on the other hand, to understand whether the final word on the embedding of IPC into atomic system F has been said. (shrink)

Several charters of rights have been issued in Europe to solemnly proclaim the rights of children during their hospital stay. However, notwithstanding such general declarations, the actual implementation of hospitalized children’s rights is unclear. The purpose of this study was to understand to which extent such rights, as established by the two main existing charters of rights, are actually implemented and respected in Italian pediatric hospitals and the pediatric units of Italian general hospitals, as perceived by the nurses working in (...) them. (shrink)

Examina a relação entre a leitura e os programas computacionais de mineração de textos, no contexto das Humanidades Digitais (HD). Através da pesquisa bibliográfica e da reunião de fontes textuais relevantes para o argumento, esta relação é descrita sob a forma de uma simbiose entre o ser humano e o computador, nos termos propostos inicialmente por Asimov (2005). Uma concepção da leitura como operação da inteligência é posta em diálogo com o conceito e as aplicações da mineração de textos. Da (...) reflexão sobre a simbiose entre leitura e mineração de textos é obtido, como resultado, um ponto de vista em relação às HD, entendida como um conjunto de estratégias para o crescimento e a adaptação da cultura humana no ambiente digital. (shrink)

The occurrence of oscillatory behaviours in living cells can be viewed as a visible consequence of stable, regulatory homeostatic cycles. Therefore, they may be used as experimental windows on the underlying physiological mechanisms. Recent studies show that growing pollen tubes are an excellent biological model for these purposes. They unite experimental simplicity with clear oscillatory patterns of both structural and temporal features, most being measurable during real‐time in live cells. There is evidence that these cellular oscillators involve an integrated input (...) of plasma membrane ion fluxes, and a cytosolic choreography of protons, calcium and, most likely, potassium and chloride. In turn, these can create positive feedback regulation loops that are able to generate and self‐sustain a number of spatial and temporal patterns. Other features, including cell wall assembly and rheology, turgor, and the cytoskeleton, play important roles and are targets or modulators of ion dynamics. Many of these features have similarities with other cell types, notably with apical‐growing cells. Pollen tubes may thus serve as a powerful model for exploring the basis of cell growth and morphogenesis. BioEssays 23:86–94, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (shrink)

All the time political equality has been feeding on unequality. With the whole world changing into a blossoming democracy we seem to be running out of "unequals” to carry our blessed dream on. We better act before the golden carriage turns into a pumpkin. And why not pay some attention to Greek democracy? How it was born, how it worked, how long it lasted and why it died, leaving us with a dream of ideal perfection. We might learn something useful (...) for our own future. Though the million dollar question is not what are we going to do now that the dream is real, but rather why we seem to be unable to get it out of our minds. (shrink)

Resumo Lida sem atenção, a avaliação do Poema de Parmênides por Nietzsche corre o risco de frustrar, mais do que estimular, os leitores não-iniciados em Filosofia. Pois, nela o filósofo não só ignora a pesquisa sua contemporânea sobre o Eleata, como insere o seu pensamento numa polêmica antiracionalista, recheada de equívocos e intuições infundadas. É nosso objetivo aqui tentar restituir credibilidade a esta avaliação, apontando as linhas que orientam o diálogo do crítico com o seu objeto tanto para o senso-comum, (...) como para o seu próprio pensamento.Carelessly read, Nietzsche’s evaluation of Parmenides frustrates rather than stimulates non-initiate readers in Philosophy. For the German philosopher ignores any current research on the Eleatic thinker, inserting his arguments in an anti-rationalist polemic, mostly based on unfounded intuitions. We aim at establishing the credibility of Nietzsche’s criticism on the grounds of common sense and of his own heraclitean influenced philosophy. (shrink)

This paper sketches a superficial analysis of the curriculum of Philosophy now followed in the secondary schools. It lingers on some of the «perverse aspects» of its association to a style of teaching in which the use of manuals occupies a prominent position. As an alternative it proposes a «divergent» didactical approach. This strategy may be characterized along two parallel lines. One is the option for a treatment of each topic of the curriculum as each individual teacher sees it. The (...) other is the respect for a historical perspective, without which Philosophy in the Secondary ceases to have a place among Humanities. Some indications on how this suggestion could be carried on are offered. (shrink)

The author proposes an interpretation of the theory and practise of paradeigma, developed in conjunction with the method of diairesis in the Sophist, Politicus and Philebus. The conclusions reached are then balanced against the evidence of Plato's views on knowledge and language in the Cratylus, and compared to the logos of Heraclitus, in order to explain the conception designated as the "metaphorical structure of reality". It is then suggested that the degradation and reevaluation of this structure in Modern and Contemporary (...) thought was due to the attention paid, or not paid, to Aristotle's consideration of metaphor as a purely linguistic fact. (shrink)

The absence of grammatical subject and object in Parmenides' "it is/it is not" allows the reading of the verbal forms not as copulas but as names, with no implicit subject nor elided predicate. Once there are two only alternatives, contrary and excluding each other, sustaining that a 'no-name' does not grant knowledge implies identifying its opposite – "it is" – as the only name conducive to knowledge in itself, denouncing the 'inconceivability of a knowledge that does not know. If "it (...) is" is the only [name] "which can be thought/known", and "what is" is the way in which 'thought/knowledge' can be accomplished, there is no need to postulate the existence of 'anything' that is, nor of anything that can be said of "what is". Being the only name which "can be thought of/known", the unifying synthesis of "knowledge, knowing and known" in one infallible cognitive state, it is unthinkable that "what is" does not exist. (shrink)

This text aims to show how the inclusion of sense-perceptions in cognition reformulates Plato’s “canonical version of the theory of Forms” (TF). Knowledge is no longer understood as the activity of a formal, epistemic, subject, but of a psychological one. In those dialogues dedicated to the exposition of the TF Plato’s view of cognition is based on the identification of epistêmê with Forms (according to the model of anamnesis). In the Theaetetus, however, sense-perceptions are related to knowledge in a way (...) which sees the psychê no longer as an impersonal soul, travelling through a succession of bodies. Plato’s analysis of doxa takes psychê as a feeling and thinking, irreducibly personal, subjective mind. (shrink)

Resenha: SANTOS, Boaventura de Sousa. A difícil democracia: reinventar as esquerdas. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2016. ISBN 978-85-7559-509-1.

Scientific research is growingly increasingly reliant on "microwork" or "crowdsourcing" provided by digital platforms to collect new data. Digital platforms connect clients and workers, charging a fee for an algorithmically managed workflow based on Terms of Service agreements. Although these platforms offer a way to make a living or complement other sources of income, microworkers lack fundamental labor rights and basic safe working conditions, especially in the Global South. We ask how researchers and research institutions address the ethical issues involved (...) in considering microworkers as "human participants." We argue that current scientific research fails to treat microworkers in the same way as in-person human participants, producing de facto a double morality: one applied to people with rights acknowledged by states and international bodies (e.g., the Helsinki Declaration), the other to guest workers of digital autocracies who have almost no rights at all. We illustrate our argument by drawing on 57 interviews conducted with microworkers in Spanish-speaking countries. (shrink)

A presente proposta tem por objetivo refletir sobre a experiência didático­ pedagógica dos Laboratórios de Pesquisa e Prática de Ensino em Ciências Sociais – LAPPCS, componente curricular necessário à formação de professores de sociologia para o ensino médio, do Curso de Licenciatura em Ciências Sociais, do Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Semiárido – CDSA/UFCG. Os LAPPCS podem ser caracterizados como espaços de análise crítico­reflexivo das escolas de Ensino Médio, predominantemente, em suas dimensões organizacional, pedagógica e cultural, nos quais se analisa (...) o trabalho docente com os diferentes sujeitos da aprendizagem: crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos do campo e da cidade. A pesquisa, como prática contínua, constitui uma ferramenta fundamental para os LAPPCS, possibilitando, ao futuro docente, diagnosticar situações relacionadas com o sujeito da aprendizagem, elaborar ações planejadas, executá­las e avaliá­las, contribuindo para que o fenômeno educativo aconteça de forma satisfatória, contextualizada e intercultural. (shrink)

Este artigo analisa os processos de resistência negra em duas comunidades quilombolas, a do Arrojado em Portalegre/RN e a de Queimadas em Currais Novos/RN. A discussão aqui proposta pretende relacionar as ideias de África, exílio e sertão ao contexto da escravidão e do colonialismo e, por conseguinte, compreender os usos e apropriações de categorias identitárias, como quilombolas, dentro de processos políticos de afirmação étnica e do enfrentamento ao racismo. A intenção é discorrer os efeitos da luta pelo reconhecimento étnico na (...) reorganização social e política das referidas comunidades, assim como no recontar ou reescrever uma história que é marcada pela memória da escravidão e por valores, representações e práticas que as vinculam aos seus territórios. Busca-se, portanto, acompanhar a luta política dos quilombolas que visa o reconhecimento identitário e assegurar o exercício da cidadania frente aos aparatos de Estado. Palavras-chaves: escravidão, história, identidade étnica, cidadania e racismo. (shrink)

O Correio Interceptado, que se compõe de 63 Cartas, fornece ao longo dos seus textos exemplos vários sobre o modo de estar em política. Aí são examinados com crítica espirituosa e intransigente diversos actos do poder político em exercício e tratam-se muitos assuntos de interesse para a história contemporânea. O modelo do periodismo da emigração londrina abriu a via, o arquétipo está agora instalado e projecta-se na produção dos periódicos deste período. Da autoria de José Ferreira Borges, emigrado em Londres, (...) ao mesmo tempo que outros, como Simões Margiochi e Ferreira de Moura, estas Cartas merecem, no campo da crítica da política e no quadro do novo paradigma comunicacional, a maior atenção. (shrink)

Num século "ideofágico" e "mitofágico", em que "desconhecidos" agitadores, anti-escolásticos e defensores de ideais subversores, aparentemente não coniventes com o poder, lançam a discussão no seio do Estado e da Sociedade e tentam o centro, o meio-termo, à boa maneira de um eclectismo pontual que não esquece a visão conservadora, mas mantendo-se abertos às inova­ções, o pombalismo aparenta-se a um marco miliário que apresenta características transforma­cionais e, muitas vezes, polémicas ao nível das várias esferas, como a literária, por vezes mora­lizadora (...) e costumeira, a científica ou a técnica. Esta breve alusão conjuntural encaminha-nos ao Marquês de Pombal e às mudanças de paradigma em que se envolve, e assegura, enquanto protagonista do poder que contribui, nesta ambiência, para a abertura a várias transmutações, numa espécie de inter-comunicabilidade entre paradigmas. É sob este ponto de vista da mu­dança, que o inquérito pombalino, só por si inovador, mandado realizar, após o terramoto de 1755, nos envia, para lá da ruptura técnico-científica que em si encerra, para o sistematizado aparecer de um novo conceito de temporalidade, no mínimo de outra medição do tempo, que devendo ser olhado na perspectiva social, económica, política e cultural, merece, sobretudo, ser visto sob o ângulo em apreço neste trabalho, isto é, no de um outro tempo que se aproxima. (shrink)