Nawiązując do artykułu polemicznego Jolanty Koszteyn Problem poczucia a problem kreacji dusz ludzkich. Refleksje na temat artykułu Stanisława Ziemiańskiego pt.: Jedna czy wiele dusz? trzeba stwierdzić, że jest w nim wiele cennych doprecyzowań, za które dziękuję, m.in. jest w nim odróżnienie traducjanizmu i generacjonizmu. Termin „traducjanizm" jest czyściej używany, ale dla tematu duszy rzeczywiscie lepszy byłby termin „generacjonizm". Ewolucja poglądów św. Augustyna na genezy duszy jest interesująca, choć w artykule idzie głównie o traducjanizm.

Nawiązując do artykułu polemicznego Jolanty Koszteyn Problem poczucia a problem kreacji dusz ludzkich. Refleksje na temat artykułu Stanisława Ziemiańskiego pt.: Jedna czy wiele dusz? trzeba stwierdzić, że jest w nim wiele cennych doprecyzowań, za które dziękuję, m.in. jest w nim odróżnienie traducjanizmu i generacjonizmu. Termin „traducjanizm" jest czyściej używany, ale dla tematu duszy rzeczywiscie lepszy byłby termin „generacjonizm". Ewolucja poglądów św. Augustyna na genezy duszy jest interesująca, choć w artykule idzie głównie o traducjanizm.

This article discusses the problem of movement. The meaning of the term “movement” has undergone more changes in the course of history than any other term. The main change has been the immobilizing of movement. To show this, the author briefly presents the vicissitudes of its development from antiquity to the present. The relation between force and movement is also considered. In this matter the author follows the approach of Fr. John Dorda SJ, who proves that forces are not efficient (...) causes, but rather formal causes. The fields of forces do not influence movement generally, but only its shape and trajectory. To illustrate this, four cases are presented and the Lorentzian equation is adduced. The problem of the ontological status of movement has been discussed at some length. It is argued that movement cannot be reduced to geometrical relations alone. (shrink)

The book by professor Stanisław Kowalczyk, renowned scholar in the field of social philosophy, is, without doubt, one of the most important studies on the idea of freedom. The concept of freedom is as old as mankind. It has many meanings and has been interpreted in many different ways. For instance, we also have the word „liberty," which means „freedom or right" and is synonymous with the word freedom, which means „the condition of being free." The author indicates that (...) in our times the notion of freedom is most frequently used; however, it is often misused or deceptive. Mass media and people of all walks of life talk of liberty; everyone talks of freedom and, for many, it is the highest value. Longing for freedom is rooted in the heart of every human being, for freedom is an existential correlate and the fulfilment of the rational human being. The semantic confusion about the notion of freedom leads to many misuses of the concept. Personalism, as a philosophical concept in which a person stands in the centre of all discussion, serves as a framework for the author's delineation on the concept of freedom. He further states that the appropriate understanding of this value is possible in the context of the personalistic interpretation of a human being. This is the focus of this informative and insightful book. (shrink)

The article reviews the book Philosophia Vitam Alere. Prace dedykowane Profesorowi Romanowi Darowskiemu SJ z okazji 70-lecia urodzin, edited by Stanisław Ziemiański S.J.

Sport plays today an eminent role in man's life and in societies. Various sciences have made it the subject-matter of their reflection, i.e. psychology, sociology, the natural and humanistic sciences, art, philosophy, and theology. The present work seeks to answer some fundamental questions connected with the phenomenon of sport: what is it for man? whether and when does it serve the social integration of a community? what are the premises and principles of the ethics of sportive activity? what is the (...) aesthetic dimension of sport? what are the relations between sport and religious faith? The philosophical profile is dominant in the book, taking into consideration various aspects of sport: anthropological, social, axiological, and theological. (shrink)

There have been many papers on the Jesuit relationship with the State and with the civil powers in the Western Countries. But there are no such elaborations concerning Poland. However, it was not a central aim, the Jesuits had to engage in the political situation of the country where they did His apostolic work though they did not commit themselves personally in the policy. The Jesuits had their own concept of the State and the state policy. And they showed great (...) caution in preparing the policy treaties in order to save impartiality. (shrink)

The purpose of the essay is to critically analyze the influence of J. Derrida’s deconstruction on David J. Gunkel’s book Deconstruction (MIT Press 2021). Gunkel’s handbook is aimed at making deconstruction a tool of critical thinking accessible to non-professionals. It turns out that accomplishing this task comes at the expense of precisely the critical potential of deconstruction itself. Gunkel is well aware that his arguments are sometimes superficial and overlook deeper problems that should be addressed. Such a failure takes the (...) form of a fetishistic denial, which in psychoanalysis is summarized by the formula “I know well, but all the same.” In turn, deconstruction itself, insofar as it is separated from Kant’s transcendental philosophy and Hegel’s dialectics, becomes an academic ideology. Restoring its proper subversive potential can only be done by returning to a philosophy of reflection, in which the thinker himself must ultimately consider his own position as an author and bring it under criticism. This is the path that Gunkel avoids, because he could then no longer be the author of a handbook on deconstruction, rather than someone who practices deconstruction. -------------------------- Received: 4/11/2022. Reviewed: 13/12/2022. Accepted: 20/12/2022. (shrink)

Democracy - hope or illusion? Blooming, failing or declining? Our doubts and hesitation make part of unbending efforts to endorse and explain democracy. Who is right - the custodians of promise or the prophets of decline? The book concentrates on doubts. The author tries to explore «the other side of the moon», emphasizing the role of critical thinking, opposing a main-current optimism. Defending democracy we want to generate hope, but hoping may be a dangerous craft. Protecting our hope we are (...) prone to believe that democracy - even if it is not a full success story - is justified in its nature and out of question. How much do we have to forget to sanction this view? This is, in fact, the main question the book raises. It gives voice to those who never, in their writing on democracy, used a flattering tone. Starting with Greek giants - Plato and Aristotle - up to modern and most recent times, going through a broad field of revealing criticism, leaving us with an unsettling feeling that democracy is rather something to be explained than something to be celebrated. Living in democracy, lamenting its underperformances, we must not overlook a fundamental question - in what part do our disappointments reflect the «art of forgetting», allowing us to cast into oblivion all serious doubts originating in a critical discourse on modernity and democracy? (shrink)

This paper is an attempt to assess the scientific achievements of the recently deceased Edmund Wnuk-Lipiński – an eminent Polish sociologist of international repute – from the perspective of political culture. There is significant evidence to suggest that political culture was present in Professor Wnuk-Lipiński’s scholarly oeuvre in a considerably broader sense than in classic political science literature. In this paper, political culture is analysed from the perspective of public sociology and the original concept of social schizophrenia, as well as (...) the fundamentalist and pragmatic response to radical social change. (shrink)

The Cognitive Science of Religion represents a contemporary attempt at a naturalistic explanation of religion. There is debate as to whether its account of how religious beliefs arise is reconcilable with the religious account, which holds that religious beliefs are caused by God. In my paper, I argue that these two accounts cannot be reconciled when it comes to the specific question of how Christian religious beliefs arise if one accepts an important theological doctrine of the supernaturality of Christian belief. (...) This doctrine implies that there can be no natural explanation for how Christian beliefs arise because they are a gift of divine grace. This leads to a conundrum for Christian theists: they can either reject the CSR account of how their religious beliefs arise, or they can reject the supernaturality of Christian belief. I argue that the latter is preferable. I then draw on the work of the theologian Denis Edwards to illustrate how one can drop this doctrine without abandoning some other fundamental tenets of Christian theology. (shrink)

The article reviews the book L' esperienza tragica come iniziazione: Lev Šestov [Tragic Experience as Initiation: Lev Shestov], by Aleksander Posacki.

Historia religii jednoznacznie wskazuje, że religia nie stanowi wyłącznie jakiejs idei ani że nie jest jedynie systemem praktyk kultowych. Jest przede wszystkim spotkaniem czlowieka z sacrum, z boskością, i nawiązaniem dialogu z rzeczywistością transcendentną. Do spotkania z sacrum moze dojść na drodze poznania wewnętrznego, na podstawie obserwacji świata odczytywanego jako symbol czegoś ponad nim, słuchania słowa Bożego, doznawania wizji lub oświecenia. Jest ono uwarunkowane działaniem całego czlowieka, zarówno jego uczuć, jak i rozumu. W tym spotkaniu człowiek otwiera się na sacrum (...) całym sobą, w swej psycho-fizycznej strukturze. Antoine Vergote, współczesny psycholog belgijski, ukończył studia fiozoficzne i teologiczne w Lowanium. Formację psychologiczną i psychoanalityczną zdobył w Paryżu. W praktyce zawodowej i w badaniach naukowych zajął sie problematyką religijnosci jednostki. Interesuje go przede wszystkim problem doświadczenia religijnego. Szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie: w jakim stopniu potrzeby, pragnienia i frustracje oddziałują na postawy religijną człowieka? W szczególności, w jakim stopniu obrazy ojca i matki mają wpływ na postawy religijny dziecka? Co sprawia, ze człowiek jest religijny? (shrink)

The development of product innovations in small and medium enterprises is determined mainly by their financial capabilities. These enterprises usually encounter financial problems when it comes to the introduction of product innovations. Therefore, managers should manage the company’s finances in the way that will enable them using all available means to solve these problems. This means that they ought to use external financial resources to a greater extent (not only in the form of loans). The article focuses on the financial (...) conditions for the development of product innovations in small and medium enterprises, while other forms of innovation are omitted. Product innovations are given the highest priority by mentioned companies. The analysis covered the years 2010-2017. The case study allowed to present changes in this most important form of activity for enterprises in the SME sector during the analyzed periodFor the purpose of this paper, large companies have also been included in the study in order to extend the comparative base.. In the article there were used data published by GUS, NBP, PARP, Eurostat. The article presents the following thesis: The innovative activity of Polish enterprises takes mainly the character of product innovations, which often require large financial outlays. Two hypotheses were used to verify the thesis: HPT1: The increase in the outlays of enterprises on technical progress and on research and development works (R&D) leads to companies' own the development of product innovations. HPT2: The resources are the main source of financing for product investments. Due to the greater capacity of large companies to spend on R&D, they are more active in product innovation than small companies, whose financial resources are significantly limited. Broader implementation of product innovations in SMEs requires wider access to finance and greater involvement of many participants. In order to be able to take advantage of all possible opportunities to renew the production programme, the company should ensure appropriate internal and external integration in the management of the process. (shrink)

Autor wspomina swoje podwarszawskie spotkania z J.F. Drewnowskim. Współtworzył on przed wojną program logicznej melioracji tomizmu, koło krakowskie: J. Salamucha, I.M. Bocheński, a także B. Sobociński, ze wsparciem J. Łukasiewicza i patronatem K. Michalskiego. W filozofii Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego nawiązywano do tego po wojnie, jednak z czasem co raz bardziej krytycznie: najbardziej M.A. Krąpiec czołowy polski tomista egzystencjalny, mniej radykalnie logik i metodolog S. Kamiński; J. Kalinowski nadal „logizował”. Daje to okazję autorowi, adeptowi lubelskiej szkoły filozofii klasycznej do pewnych zapytań, (...) porównawczych uwag i refleksji. (shrink)