Adult learners demand teaching innovations that are ever more rapid and attractive. As a response to these demands and the challenges of skills training, this article presents a conceptual analysis that introduces competitive debate as an impact training model. The aim is to learn whether debate can be considered to fall within the frame of gamification, so that the full potential of debate as gamification can be exploited. There is a significant research gap regarding competitive debate as a game, with (...) the training mechanics for adult learners remaining practically unexplored. Through a conceptual analysis of game, game experience, and gamification, and their respective characteristics, we conclude that competitive debate is an ideal instrument for gamification. (shrink)

Reseña de la obra de Castro Lodeiro, José Antonio, Venid y trabajad. ¡Es tiempo de alabar! Serie Instituto Bíblico y Oriental, 5. Estella, Verbo Divino, 2020, 355 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9073-546-6.

Reseña al libro Valls Prieto, Javier. Inteligencia artificial, derechos humanos y bienesjurídicos. Pamplona: Aranzadi, 2021, 137 pp.

Linking the process of rational decision making to emotions, an award-winning scientist who has done extensive research with brain-damaged patients notes the dependence of thought processes on feelings and the body's survival-oriented regulators. 50,000 first printing.

El legado enciclopedista de Diderot sobre el poder político y el derecho en vísperas de Revolución -- Un célebre profesor de jurisprudencia de siglo XVIII, después marginado durante siglos: el caso de Jean Jacques Burlamaqui y sus Elementos de derecho natural -- Lardizábal, jurista "ilustrado" en los albores de la Independencia de México -- Los ilustrados, infatigables inventores de derechos vitales. Escolio a una obra de Lynn Hunt -- Lichtenberg, un ilustrado minimalista. A manera de epílogo.

This book highlights the powerful impact of some important Spanish Jesuits (Suárez, Acosta, Ribadeneira, Mariana) on some relevant English thinkers such as Locke, Bacon, and others, regarding politics, law and natural rights, an influence sometimes hidden and always controversial.

This book highlights the powerful impact of some important Spanish Jesuits (Suárez, Acosta, Ribadeneira, Mariana) on some relevant English thinkers such as Locke, Bacon, and others, regarding politics, law and natural rights, an influence sometimes hidden and always controversial.

Columbia University Press's multivolume _Prison Notebooks_ is the only complete critical edition of Antonio Gramsci's seminal writings in English. Based on the authoritative Italian edition of Gramsci's work, _Quaderni del Carcere_, this comprehensive translation presents the intellectual as he ought to be read and understood, with critical notes that clarify Gramsci's history, culture, and sources; an index of names; and a contextualization of the thinker's ideas against his earlier writings and letters. This set includes notebooks 1 through 8 with (...) all attendant notes and materials and is an indispensible resource for scholars in the humanities and social sciences. (shrink)

We propose a nonmonotonic Description Logic of typicality able to account for the phenomenon of combining prototypical concepts, an open problem in the fields of AI and cognitive modelling. Our logic extends the logic of typicality ALC + TR, based on the notion of rational closure, by inclusions p :: T(C) v D (“we have probability p that typical Cs are Ds”), coming from the distributed semantics of probabilistic Description Logics. Additionally, it embeds a set of cognitive heuristics for concept (...) combination. We show that the complexity of reasoning in our logic is EXPTIME-complete as in ALC. (shrink)

"¿Cómo salimos del silencio? Este y otros interrogantes fluyen como una constante en esta minuciosa investigación, que ofrece un enfoque panorámico sobre el estudio de las lenguas. En palabras de Carlos Fuentes, el encanto de esta obra está en que aborda cosas que creíamos saber sobre las lenguas y descubre lo que no sabíamos sobre lo que creíamos saber" -- Prové de l'editor.

The paper introduces an extension of the proposal according to which conceptual representations in cognitive agents should be intended as heterogeneous proxytypes. The main contribution of this paper is in that it details how to reconcile, under a heterogeneous representational perspective, different theories of typicality about conceptual representation and reasoning. In particular, it provides a novel theoretical hypothesis - as well as a novel categorization algorithm called DELTA - showing how to integrate the representational and reasoning assumptions of the theory-theory (...) of concepts with the those ascribed to the prototype and exemplars-based theories. (shrink)

Scientists are rapidly mapping the chemical and physical pathways that constitute biological systems, making the complexity of processes such as inheritance, development, evolution, and even the origin of life increasingly tractable. Through genetics and neuroscience, biological understanding is now being extended deeply into the human sciences and has begun to transform our understanding of behavior, mind, culture, and values. The idea of a science-driven unity of knowledge has reemerged in several forms in both reductionist and nonreductionist frameworks. This volume examines (...) some of the extraordinary empirical discoveries that have caused a revival of this idea and presents theories from thinkers in a variety of disciplines, including E. O. Wilson, Eric Kandel, and Elaine Scarry. (shrink)

The publication of this book is an event in the making. All over the world scientists, psychologists, and philosophers are waiting to read Antonio Damasio's new theory of the nature of consciousness and the construction of the self. A renowned and revered scientist and clinician, Damasio has spent decades following amnesiacs down hospital corridors, waiting for comatose patients to awaken, and devising ingenious research using PET scans to piece together the great puzzle of consciousness. In his bestselling Descartes' Error, (...) Damasio revealed the critical importance of emotion in the making of reason. Building on this foundation, he now shows how consciousness is created. Consciousness is the feeling of what happens-our mind noticing the body's reaction to the world and responding to that experience. Without our bodies there can be no consciousness, which is at heart a mechanism for survival that engages body, emotion, and mind in the glorious spiral of human life. A hymn to the possibilities of human existence, a magnificent work of ingenious science, a gorgeously written book, The Feeling of What Happens is already being hailed as a classic. (shrink)

As it is well known, mobile phones have become a basic gadget for any individual that usually stores sensitive information. This mainly motivates the increase in the number of attacks aimed at jeopardizing smartphones, being an extreme concern above all on Android OS, which is the most popular platform in the market. Consequently, a strong effort has been devoted for mitigating mentioned incidents in recent years, even though few researchers have addressed the application of visualization techniques for the analysis of (...) malware. Within this field, the present work proposes the extension of a new technique called Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots to visualize Android malware datasets. More precisely, the novel Beta-Hebbian Learning (BHL) method is applied for the first time and validated under the frame of Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots, in conjunction with clustering methods. The informative visualization achieved provides a picture of the structure of the malware families, allowing subsequent analysis of their organization. To validate the Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plot extension and its tuning, the popular Android Malware Genome dataset has been used in the experimental setting. Promising results have been obtained, suggesting that BHL applied in combination with clustering techniques in Hybrid Unsupervised Exploratory Plots are a viable resource for the visualization of malware families. (shrink)

Ante el pensamiento del neocapitalismo y su poder actual, el autor se pregunta su hay razones para reivindicar la justicia social en nuestros días. Para responder a esta interrogante realiza un análisis de algunos elementos históricos que habrían sido en su opinión decisivos para llegar a la situación actual de la democracia en Occidente, desgranando algunas de las diferencias ideológicas que sobre la gobernabilidad de la democracia surgieron en la izquierda, y que condujeron a dos vías diferentes en el seno (...) de la misma y al triunfo de la identificada con las posiciones socialdemócratas. Así, señala, una socialdemocracia reconvertida en tercera vía, y un comunismo pertrechado de consignas altisonantes con poca sustancia ideológica se reparten la clientela política de izquierda a este lado del mundo. (shrink)

El Juicio de gusto como Juicio estético parte de la contemplación de un objeto en particular. Surge de forma libre y no guarda relación alguna con una intencionalidad por parte del sujeto. En el caso de un juicio sobre lo bello se considera que atribuye cierta belleza al objeto como si se tratase de una propiedad que le caracteriza. La forma en la que se da este juicio posibilita el surgimiento de cierta universalidad del mismo en la medida en que (...) todo aquel que pueda contemplarlo pueda distinguir la belleza en él. Pero se trata sólo de universalidad estética y no lógica. En la forma que adoptan estos objetos se advierte una finalidad de la naturaleza como condición a priori que posibilita su conocimiento. Dicha posibilidad basada en la reflexión sobre la forma de estos viene determinada por el uso reflexionante de la facultad de juzgar. (shrink)

Este espacio ofrece un conjunto de aspectos de la filosofía de Lévinas expresados en una sección de su obra Totalidad e Infinito que se enfrentan con el pensamiento de Hegel en el marco de las relaciones intersubjetivas en torno a un comportamiento ético de la conciencia o el yo frente a lo otro de sí. Los puntos de encuentros y más aún de desencuentros entre ambos autores revelan que el contexto histórico es determinante en las posturas que plantean en la (...) medida en que ofrecen interpretaciones mayormente divergentes de acuerdo a la relación de cada sujeto con lo externo a sí. El objetivo de este espacio de discusión entre ambos autores es resaltar la importancia y el papel que juega la figura de la Autoconciencia hegeliana frente a la construcción de sociedades que aspiran a poner en marcha proyectos de justicia social y verdadera democracia. (shrink)

La facultad de juzgar teleológica se distingue de la estética básicamente en el punto de partida que tiene el sujeto frente a los objetos que juzga. En este caso el sujeto parte de algún conocimiento sobre ellos y no juzga solo a partir de lo que exteriormente advierte en los mismos. Esto implica que la realidad de dichos objetos cobra una dimensión diferente y el hombre puede incluirle en su quehacer diario ya que puede dar cuenta de su utilidad. La (...) finalidad en sentido de intencionalidad que se muestra en ciertos productos naturales guarda una relación externa con el hombre y con otros productos pues su existencia se basa en la conveniencia de su manifestación en un momento y lugar determinados. En los organismos naturales la finalidad de la naturaleza se basa en una relación orgánica entre los componentes que los constituyen formando entre todos un conjunto como ser organizado. (shrink)

Por supuesto se expresa como quien conoce muy bien los términos jurídicos pero con la habilidad de no abrumar al interlocutor. Inspira confianza. Es una mujer grande que mira directamente a los ojos y sonríe casi siempre. Escucha con atención y acierta a comunicar desde la propia experiencia no ya de brillante profesional de la judicatura, sino de mujer, madre, compañera� Enseguida hemos pasado del usted al tú�.

Antonio Negri, one of the world's leading scholars on Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and his contemporary legacy, offers a straightforward explanation of the philosopher's elaborate arguments and a persuasive case for his ongoing relevance. Responding to a resurgent interest in Spinoza's thought and its potential application to contemporary global issues, Negri demonstrates the thinker's special value to politics, philosophy, and related disciplines. Negri's work is both a return to and an advancement of his initial affirmation of Spinozian thought in _The (...) Savage Anomaly_. He further defends his understanding of the philosopher as a proto-postmodernist, or a thinker who is just now, with the advent of the postmodern, becoming contemporary. Negri also connects Spinoza's theories to recent trends in political philosophy, particularly the reengagement with Carl Schmitt's "political theology," and the history of philosophy, including the argument that Spinoza belongs to a "radical enlightenment." By positioning Spinoza as a contemporary revolutionary intellectual, Negri addresses and effectively defeats twentieth-century critiques of the thinker waged by Jacques Derrida, Alain Badiou, and Giorgio Agamben. (shrink)

This article addresses an open problem in the area of cognitive systems and architectures: namely the problem of handling (in terms of processing and reasoning capabilities) complex knowledge structures that can be at least plausibly comparable, both in terms of size and of typology of the encoded information, to the knowledge that humans process daily for executing everyday activities. Handling a huge amount of knowledge, and selectively retrieve it according to the needs emerging in different situational scenarios, is an important (...) aspect of human intelligence. For this task, in fact, humans adopt a wide range of heuristics (Gigerenzer & Todd) due to their “bounded rationality” (Simon, 1957). In this perspective, one of the requirements that should be considered for the design, the realization and the evaluation of intelligent cognitively-inspired systems should be rep- resented by their ability of heuristically identify and retrieve, from the general knowledge stored in their artificial Long Term Memory (LTM), that one which is synthetically and contextually relevant. This requirement, however, is often neglected. Currently, artificial cognitive systems and architectures are not able, de facto, to deal with complex knowledge structures that can be even slightly comparable to the knowledge heuris- tically managed by humans. In this paper I will argue that this is not only a technological problem but also an epistemological one and I will briefly sketch a proposal for a possible solution. (shrink)

Endowing artificial systems with explanatory capacities about the reasons guiding their decisions, represents a crucial challenge and research objective in the current fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computational Cognitive Science [Langley et al., 2017]. Current mainstream AI systems, in fact, despite the enormous progresses reached in specific tasks, mostly fail to provide a transparent account of the reasons determining their behavior (both in cases of a successful or unsuccessful output). This is due to the fact that the classical problem (...) of opacity in artificial neural networks (ANNs) explodes with the adoption of current Deep Learning techniques [LeCun, Bengio, Hinton, 2015]. In this paper we argue that the explanatory deficit of such techniques represents an important problem, that limits their adoption in the cognitive modelling and computational cognitive science arena. In particular we will show how the current attempts of providing explanations of the deep nets behaviour (see e.g. [Ritter et al. 2017] are not satisfactory. As a possibile way out to this problem, we present two different research strategies. The first strategy aims at dealing with the opacity problem by providing a more abstract interpretation of neural mechanisms and representations. This approach is adopted, for example, by the biologically inspired SPAUN architecture [Eliasmith et al., 2012] and by other proposals suggesting, for example, the interpretation of neural networks in terms of the Conceptual Spaces framework [Gärdenfors 2000, Lieto, Chella and Frixione, 2017]. All such proposals presuppose that the neural level of representation can be considered somehow irrelevant for attacking the problem of explanation [Lieto, Lebiere and Oltramari, 2017]. In our opinion, pursuing this research direction can still preserve the use of deep learning techniques in artificial cognitive models provided that novel and additional results in terms of “transparency” are obtained. The second strategy is somehow at odds with respect to the previous one and tries to address the explanatory issue by avoiding to directly solve the “opacity” problem. In this case, the idea is that one of resorting to pre-compiled plausible explanatory models of the word used in combination with deep-nets (see e.g. [Augello et al. 2017]). We argue that this research agenda, even if does not directly fits the explanatory needs of Computational Cognitive Science, can still be useful to provide results in the area of applied AI aiming at shedding light on the models of interaction between low level and high level tasks (e.g. between perceptual categorization and explanantion) in artificial systems. (shrink)