There are two important traditions in the philosophy of induction. According to one tradition, which has dominated for the last couple of centuries, inductive arguments are warranted by rules. Bayesianism is the most popular view within this tradition. Rules of induction provide functional accounts of inductive support, but no rule is universal; hence, no rule is by itself an accurate model of inductive support. According to another tradition, inductive arguments are not warranted by rules but by matters of fact. Norton’s (...) material theory of induction (MTI) is an influential view within this tradition. Norton’s MTI fails to provide an account of inductive support, but it provides a good account of inductive warrant that can help us define the domain of validity of each rule of induction. Despite their limitations, both approaches to induction are illuminating important aspects of how relations of inductive support work. In this article I present a hybrid theory of induction (HTI), in which I acknowledge and articulate the role of both rules and matters of fact in our understanding of inductive support. According to the HTI, rules of induction accurately describe relations of inductive support when they are warranted, and a rule of induction is warranted if the right facts about the matter of the induction obtain. Crucially, the HTI allows us to address the main challenges that each tradition faces while retaining their strengths, thus obtaining a functional and accurate account of inductive support. The HTI also provides a useful general framework to examine and understand induction, to make sense of how different rules of induction can coexist and to tackle some problems in epistemology. Moreover, the HTI allows us to clarify and resolve some current debates on induction, like the apparent divide between Norton and rule-based theorists. (shrink)

Guizot aprendió el oficio de historiador preparando con su esposa,Pauline de Meulan, una edición crítica en francés de _Decline and Fall_ de Gibbon. Las personalidades históricas de Gibbon y Guizot fueron muy distintas. También sus respectivos “estilos de historia”. Pero en las obras de Guizot, en especial en su _Historia de la civilización en Europa_, es reconocible el legado de Gibbon. Así, en la eliminación de la barrera entre historia civil y historia religiosa, en la amplitud temática, en la ambición (...) cronológica y en una idea de Europa concebida como algo más que la suma de sus partes. Asimismo en la adopción de la misma palabra _civilización_ y en el hecho de que la interpretación guizotiana de la historia europea hunda sus raíces en tres factores presentes en Gibbon: lo que sobrevivió de las instituciones romanas, el impacto del cristianismo y el aporte germánico. (shrink)

_Sexual Subjects,_ a psychoanalytic book informed by gender theory, queer theory and feminism, addresses the tensions inherent in writing about lesbians and sexuality in the postmodern age. Adria Schwartz masterfully intertwines clinical anecdotes with engaging theoretical questions that examine the construction of important categories of identity--woman, feminist, mother, lesbian, and homo/hetero/bisexual. Schwartz also addresses specific issues which are problematic but nonetheless meaningful to self-identified lesbians such as roles in gender play, lesbian "bed death," and raising non-traditional families. Written from a (...) psychoanalytic and postmodern perspective, this book is a significant contribution to the work done on the conceptualization of lesbian sexuality and identity. (shrink)

The following dramatic scenes were taken from a full-length play that was inspired by my reading of The Mamie Papers. This remarkable collection of letters written to Fanny Quincy Howe, a Boston aristocrat and woman of letters, chronicled the life and times of Mamie Pinzer. Mamie was a “working girl” in the fullest sense of the word. Her struggle to live with autonomy and dignity often placed her at odds with standards of decency preferred by a society that looked with (...) suspicion upon those values in women, if they implied independence from male hegemony. The letters are unique in their detail and passion, as well as the proto-feminist consciousness that emerges through daily confrontation with patriarchy. (shrink)

RESUMENEl trabajo examina críticamente la afirmación central de la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur, a saber, que el soporte material de la escritura es el rasgo determinante para que una secuencia discursiva sea considerada como un texto. La escritura cancela las condiciones fácticas de la enunciación y crea, de este modo, un ámbito de sentido estable en el que se puede validar una concepción de la subjetividad que está implicada en las dos estrategias de lecturas (el análisis estructural y la apropiación), (...) esto es, un sujeto pasivo que se constituye por la idealidad del significado. Asimismo, el trabajo intentará precisar una serie de ambigüedades en el uso que Ricoeur hace del «ser en el mundo» para sostener la referencialidad del discurso.PALABRAS CLAVETEXTO, ESCRITURA, REFERENCIA, SUBJETIVIDAD, MUNDOABSTRACTThis paper critically examines the main assertion of Paul Ricoeur´s hermeneutics, i.e., that the material base of writing is the determining feature to consider a discursive sequence as a text. Writing cancels the factual conditions of enunciation and creates, in this way, a background of stable meaning where it is possible to validate a conception of subjectivity implicated in the two reading strategies (the structural analysis and the appropriation), i.e., a passive subject constituted by the ideality of meaning. Likewise, this paper aims to clarify some ambiguities in the way Ricoeur uses the «beings in the world» to support the discourse referentiality.KEY WORDSTEXT, WRITING, REFERENCE, SUBJECTIVITY, WORLD. (shrink)

La diferencia semántica entre la disposición afectiva y la comprensión en Sein und Zeit radica en que el sentido inherente a la afectividad es del orden de lo continuo. En cambio, el sentido de la comprensión es del orden de lo discreto. El régimen de lo continuo se caracteriza por ser un campo de fuerzas que organiza el sentido de acuerdo a una continuidad gradiente. El régimen de lo discreto, por el contrario, organiza el sentido de acuerdo a una articulación (...) de unidades significativas pragmáticas diferenciables que no se identifican con el lenguaje. De esta manera lo continuo y lo discreto puede ser reinterpretado como la fuerza y el significado. Así, entonces, el sentido de la disposición afectiva y el de la comprensión se distinguen por pertenecer a regímenes semánticos distintos. Los afectos pertenecen al dominio de la fuerza y la comprensión pertenece al campo del significado. The semantic distinction between Disposedness and Understanding on Sein und Zeit can be described as the difference between the continuous and the discrete. The continuous domain organizes the space of meaning as strength field and a gradient polarization. In contrast the discrete domain organizes the space of meaning as an articulation of pragmatic meaningful and differential units. These units on Sein und Zeit don´t identify with the language. So, the continuous and the discrete can be reinterpreted as strength and meaning. In this way, the space of meaning has two diverse domains: Disposedness belongs to the strength regime and Understanding to meaning field. (shrink)

This paper aims to show that the K-O Apel's Project of Anthropology of Knowledge belongs to the tradition of hermeneutics logic, developed by the Logic of Göttigen. This statement can be proved by the fact that Apel conceives the relationship between das Leibapriori and das Erkenntnisapriori. In two text of sixties Apel shapes the relationship between human body and knowledge as a polarization of opposite strengths. The logic of exclusive disjunction rules this polarization. Forty years later he changes his perspective (...) and presents them as tensive relation of rivalry. In this way Apel takes in his own argumentation a central topic of the hermeneutics logic, namely, the life conception as a mediation between strength and meaning. (shrink)

RESUMENEl trabajo examina críticamente la afirmación central de la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur, a saber, que el soporte material de la escritura es el rasgo determinante para que una secuencia discursiva sea considerada como un texto. La escritura cancela las condiciones fácticas de la enunciación y crea, de este modo, un ámbito de sentido estable en el que se puede validar una concepción de la subjetividad que está implicada en las dos estrategias de lecturas (el análisis estructural y la apropiación), (...) esto es, un sujeto pasivo que se constituye por la idealidad del significado. Asimismo, el trabajo intentará precisar una serie de ambigüedades en el uso que Ricoeur hace del «ser en el mundo» para sostener la referencialidad del discurso.PALABRAS CLAVETEXTO, ESCRITURA, REFERENCIA, SUBJETIVIDAD, MUNDOABSTRACTThis paper critically examines the main assertion of Paul Ricoeur´s hermeneutics, i.e., that the material base of writing is the determining feature to consider a discursive sequence as a text. Writing cancels the factual conditions of enunciation and creates, in this way, a background of stable meaning where it is possible to validate a conception of subjectivity implicated in the two reading strategies (the structural analysis and the appropriation), i.e., a passive subject constituted by the ideality of meaning. Likewise, this paper aims to clarify some ambiguities in the way Ricoeur uses the «beings in the world» to support the discourse referentiality.KEY WORDSTEXT, WRITING, REFERENCE, SUBJECTIVITY, WORLD. (shrink)

ResumenEl trabajo se propone, por un lado, presentar los argumentos que M. Shapiro y J. M. Schaffer hicieron contra la interpretación heideggeriana del cuadro de van Gogh. Y, por otro, someter a un análisis crítico cada una de las objeciones. La idea central es presentar la polémica que produjo la recepción del texto de Heidegger Der Ursprung des Kusntwerkes y mostrar que dicha recepción se funda en un desconocimiento del pensamiento heideggeriano -tal como sucede en el caso de M. Shapiro- (...) y en una incorrecta descripción de la producción del sentido –tal es el caso de J. M. Schaffer-.Conceptos Clave:Significado, Referente, Obra de Arte, EstéticaThe study aims, on one hand, at submitting the objections that M. Shapiro and J.M: Schaffer made against Heidegger´s interpretation of Van Gogh´s painting, and, on the other hand, at making a critical analysis of every objection. The main idea consists in presenting the controversy created by the reception of Heidegger´s Der Ursprung des Kusntwerkes and showing that said reception is based on the ignorance of Heidegger´s thought – as in the case of M. Shapiro – and on the improper description of the production of meaning – as in the case of J.M. Schaffer.Key concepts:Meaning, Referent, Work of Art, Aesthetics. (shrink)

The purpose of this article is to investigate the aporia of the epistemological status of Freudian metapsychology as represented by Ricoeur’s hermeneutics. This aporia centers on the concept of psychic nature as the ultimate target of metapsychological speculation. The question this article addresses is whether the psychic apparatus that emerges from metapsychological speculation responds to a conception of nature that belongs to a physical model or a phenomenological model. This question has an ambiguous answer in Ricoeur’s work. In order to (...) show the ambiguity, we begin by examining the transcendental reading Ricoeur makes of metapsychology. Then, we explain the aporia of Freudian naturalism, and following a suggestion by Ricoeur, we indicate a way out of it through the argumentative reconstruction of the relationship between artwork and psychic nature. (shrink)

El propósito de este trabajo es doble: por un lado, intentaremos exponer el vínculo entre sublimación y ciencia en Freud y la relación entre la desmundanización y el discurso teórico en Heidegger con el fin de establecer sus similitudes y diferencias. Y, por el otro, el trabajo propone una lectura crítica de la concepción heideggeriana de la ciencia a partir de la noción freudiana de sublimación. La idea es mostrar que Heidegger no lograría ver un significado positivo de los discursos (...) objetivantes en la constitución de la propiedad del Dasein, es decir, en la modalidad auténtica de la subjetividad. Asimismo, se afirma que la interpretación enunciativa de la segunda tópica de Freud posibilita una crítica a su epistemología naturalista.The purpose of this paper is double: at one side we tried to expose the link between sublimation and science in Freud and the relationship between unworlding and the theoretical discourse of Heidegger with the aim of establishing similarities and differences. And on the other side, the paperintends a critical reading of Heidegger’s conception of science by means of Freud’s conception of sublimatization. The idea is to show that Heidegger fails to see a positive meaning in the objectivizing discourses in the constitution of the property of Dasein, that is, in the authentic mode of subjectivity. In additionthe article maintains that the enunciative interpretation of Freud’s second topic makes possible an criticism of his naturalistic epistemology. (shrink)

Taboo, as a space where the prohibited resides, delimits the form of the thinkable in a society. Freud, in Totem and Taboo, attempted to trace an explanation beyond the ‘categorical imperative’ of morality and custom. A century later the YouTuber PrankInvasion (Chris Monroe) seems to continue Freud’s account to his advantage. Through ‘Kissing my actual sister prank’, one of his most controversial videos, he challenged his own followers to fulfil an especially controversial challenge: kiss his own stepsister. It is through (...) these contacts with the limits of the moral, of the acceptable, that capitalism expands the colonized territory, absorbing the profane under its new exposure value. The unthinkable, the purported profanation of dogma (in this case, taboo of incest), disappears under the standardization of all rites as standardized consumable objects. But as Agamben warns about the nature of desecration it can not be related, in its new use, with the consumption realm. And that is not the case with PrankInvasion. Through the apparent absence of ordinary moral limits, Chris Monroe expresses his heartfelt attachment to the most extraordinary limit of capitalism: economic growth. (shrink)

Siguiendo la definición de Osvaldo Pessoa Jr., un “escenario contrafáctico” sería “una situación posible que no se realizó, como una posibilidad futura en algún instante del pasado”. Este concepto no es nuevo. De hecho, tiene una presencia significativa en campos como la filosofía analítica, la economía, las ciencias experimentales o la psicología. La pretensión de este texto es presentar, mediante el rigor teórico, conceptual, y el método inductivo, una reflexión no derivada de investigación. Esta reflexión es la importancia de la (...) relación entre los escenarios contrafácticos y el mundo del arte desde una perspectiva institucional. La observación inicial en la que se sustenta este texto es que, en una época en la que cualquier cosa puede ser arte y, sin embargo, no todo lo es, las razones por las que algo pudo ser arte, pero no lo fue, cobran una gran importancia para comprender la base de su valor económico y cultural y ahondar en nuestras categorías lingüísticas del presente; en este caso, la de arte. (shrink)

Can deconstruction be accomplished not through the close reading of just one discourse, but through its combination with another? This paper aims at exploring this second way of performing deconstruction through a particular case study: Marxism and psychoanalysis. In the body of the essay, the history of Freudo-Marxism is divided into two parts, depending on which psychoanalyst stands as point of reference: Freud or Lacan. We proceed by studying the four main strategies by virtue of which a genuine combination between (...) Marxism and psychoanalysis has been historically attempted: separation (Reich), domination (Marcuse), contradiction (Althusser) and, finally, deconstruction (Laclau). (shrink)

Thinking History Globally means thinking about the past and the present beyond national borders, language barriers, and enclosed regions. There are four thinking strategies to gain global perspectives: comparing, connecting, conceptualizing, and contextualizing. Comparing is about contrasting between several cases and drawing new conclusions. Connecting is tracking the interdependences between cases and assessing their importance. Conceptualizing is recognizing that developments in one or several cases belong within a larger recurring pattern. Contextualizing is making sense of one case amidst developments world-wide. (...) This book offers a practical guide into these strategies of thinking by applying them to multiple historical cases, ranging from the first civilizations and up to the First World War. While doing that, Olstein also presents the twelve branches of history that outstand in the application of these four strategies and in thinking history globally: comparative, relational, international, transnational, oceanic, global, world, and big histories, historical sociology, civilizational analysis, world-system approach, and history of globalization. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 99 Heft: 1 Seiten: 26-50.

En este trabajo nos propondremos desarrollar tres tesis fundamentales: a) Mostrar que Heidegger concibe al mundo como una trama semántica de corte pragmático, anterior a la fijación en cualquier material fonético codificado culturalmente; b) Señalar que el fenómeno que Winnicott indica con el término transicionalidad puede ser equiparado al mundo de Heidegger; y c) En la medida en que ese espacio potencial se constituye como un mecanismo de frontera que posibilita el tránsito de lo exterior a lo interior, puede ser (...) comprendido como una estructura intencional. Así, el carácter de mediación del mundo se considera desde el punto de vista del correlato objetivo, es decir, desde el útil y la obra de arte. Ambos tipos de “objetos” son dispositivos que se sitúan en la frontera del sentido y posibilitan la transición de aquello que está por fuera del espacio semántico. (shrink)

Bultmann recurre a la filosofía de Heidegger de Sein und Zeit para ustificar una correcta comprensión del ser del hombre y así lograr una fundamentación ontológica de los conceptos teológicos. Esto se puede observar en que, cada vez que Bultmann tiene que hablar del hombre, repite los conceptos fund..

La finalidad del presente trabajo es determinar el marco teórico dentro del cual se puede desarrollar una hermenéutica de los mass media a partir de los presupuestos de la filosofía de Heidegger. La tesis que se propone es que ese marco teórico es la fenomenología del espacio.Por ello, en primer lugar, se expone el sentido que tiene la expresión "medio". Luego se presentan los conceptos fundamentales de la espacialidad del Dasein. Y, por ultimo, se extraen dos consecuencias sobre la relación (...) entre el espacio y los mass media a partir de una lectura narrativa de la espacialidad.This paper aims at determining the theoretical framework where a mass media hermeneutics can be developed from Heidegger's philosophical presumptions. The thesis proposed says that that theoretical framework represents the phenomenology of the space. Therefore, first it is exposed the meaning of "media". Then, the main concepts of the Dasein spatiality are presented.And, finally, two consequences about the relation between space and mass media from a narrative reading of the spatiality are extracted. (shrink)

Resumen: En la novela Nadie nada nunca, Juan José Saer narra la desarticulación de la instancia de la enunciación. Uno de los motivos en los que se anuncia esta temática es la relación intersubjetiva de intimidad. Entre otros temas, la novela narra la imposibilidad de establecer un vínculo de intimidad entre los cuerpos. De allí es que se pueda hablar de un modelo narrativo antifenomenológico. El cuerpo propio como instancia fundamental de la enunciación no se instituye en la sede originaria (...) de la significación. Para reconstruir el motivo de la intimidad corporal en el universo ficcional de Nadie nada nunca el trabajo usa como criterio de lectura el concepto de intimidad de Martin Heidegger.: Juan José Saer tells in the novel Nadie nada nunca the dissolution of the Enunciation instance. One of the narrative motive in that this topic reveals is the intersubjective relationship of intimacy. Among other topics, the novel tells the impossibility to set an intimacy bound between the bodies. Hence, it is possible to talk about an antiphenomenological narrative model. The own body as fundamental Enunciation instance doesn´t show itself as the original place of meaning. To bring to light this motive of corporal intimacy in the fictional universe of Nadie nada nunca this paper uses, as lecture criterion, the Heideggerian Concept of intimacy. (shrink)