(1986). Scientific instruments and the senses: Towards an anthropological historiography of the natural sciences. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 106-123.

Läßt sich Wissenschaftstheorie mittels Wissenschaftsgeschichte überprüfen? Die Vorschläge und Ansätze Wolfgang Detels hierzu* werden einer kritischen Prüfung unterzogen. Es wird gezeigt, daß seine Darstellungen der normenlogischen Struktur solcher Überprüfungsversuche ihren Gegenstand nicht treffen: sie geben die angesprochenen Ansätze, etwa von Kuhn oder Lakatos, nicht mehr wieder.

The global pesticide complex has transformed over the past two decades, but social science research has not kept pace. The rise of an enormous generics sector, shifts in geographies of pesticide production, and dynamics of agrarian change have led to more pesticide use, expanding to farm systems that hitherto used few such inputs. Declining effectiveness due to pesticide resistance and anemic institutional support for non-chemical alternatives also have driven intensification in conventional systems. As an inter-disciplinary network of pesticide scholars, we (...) seek to renew the social science research agenda on pesticides to better understand this suite of contemporary changes. To identify research priorities, challenges, and opportunities, we develop the pesticide complex as a heuristic device to highlight the reciprocal and iterative interactions among agricultural practice, the agrochemical industry, civil society-shaped regulatory actions, and contested knowledge of toxicity. Ultimately, collaborations among social scientists and across the social and biophysical sciences can illuminate recent transformations and their uneven socioecological effects. A reinvigorated critical scholarship that embraces the multifaceted nature of pesticides can identify the social and ecological constraints that drive pesticide use and support alternatives to chemically driven industrial agriculture. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

In der 1970 gegr ndeten Reihe erscheinen Arbeiten, die philosophiehistorische Studien mit einem systematischen Ansatz oder systematische Studien mit philosophiehistorischen Rekonstruktionen verbinden. Neben deutschsprachigen werden auch englischsprachige Monographien ver ffentlicht. Gr ndungsherausgeber sind: Erhard Scheibe (Herausgeber bis 1991), G nther Patzig (bis 1999) und Wolfgang Wieland (bis 2003). Von 1990 bis 2007 wurde die Reihe von J rgen Mittelstra mitherausgegeben.

Although'Otherness' is an extremely common phenomenon in every society, related research is still at its beginnings.'Otherness' in the Middle Ages is a versatile and complex theme that covers a great number of different aspects, facets, and approaches: from non-human monsters and cultural strangers from remote places up to foreigners from another country or another town; it can refer to ethnic, cultural, political, social, sexual, or religious'Otherness', inside or outside one's own community. In any case, however,'Otherness' is a subjective phenomenon depending (...) on personal views and ascriptions, an issue of'imagination' and experience rather than'reality'. There is neither one single model of alterity nor is'Otherness' a stable phenomenon, but it changes over time and according to the cultural context. All this calls for methodological reflection and needs thorough investigation.00The methodological introduction and the 18 contributions of this volume demonstrate the great diversity of the theme and its different manifestations and perspectives. They tackle the problem from distinct angles and disciplines (history, art history, archaeology, literary history, and philology) in a wide chronological and thematic frame, using different methodological approaches, dealing with different areas (from Northern and Southern Europe to Byzantium and India), perspectives (including law, social order, the past, a sea), and diverse kinds of sources. They examine all kinds of'Otherness' mentioned above, highlight demarcation and rejection, aversion or acceptance, assimilation and integration, thus relativizing a strict dichotomy between'the Self' and'the Other' or between inside and outside. This volume is so far the most comprehensive attempt to tackle the huge problem of'Otherness' in the Middle Ages. (shrink)

Es wird versucht, einige Aspekte von Carnaps Werk Der logische Auflyau der Welt vor dem Hintergrund des Kantianismus zu betrachten, insbesondere die Strukturalismusthese, das Verhältnis von Gegebenem und Konstruiertem und den Wirklichkeitsbegriff; das Ergebnis geht dahin, daß sich mehr Gemeinsamkeiten mit der kantianischen Tradition zeigen als es von einem klassischen Werk des Neopositivismus zu erwarten wäre.

FOR hundreds or even thousands of years posterity saw in Aristotle only the impersonal intellectual majesty of the philosophical system. When awakening humanism began everywhere to seek in the works of the classic writers the impress of their personality, this new interest met in Aristotle with the most stubborn resistance. His was a very different case from that of Plato or Demosthenes. The few notices preserved of his life and person remained in merely external relation to the body of his (...) works. In recent times we have begun, however, to discern the intellectual history of the man Aristotle, and in this regard his relations to Plato naturally acquire special significance. In the various phases of his life these relations took various forms; but in view of late gossip about the pupil's ingratitude to the master, it is as well to say that never was Aristotle^s attitude to Plato other than one of the deepest possible veneration. It has a special psychological fascination to see how this veneration expressed itself at the time when Aristotle found himself committed to philosophical opposition to his master; and it is significant that the only documentary proofs of Aristotle's attitude that we possess belong to these years. Evidently his veneration found this compensating expression when he was forced to publish his philosophical critisma. (shrink)

La recherche sur Porigine du concept moderne de la critique au 18 c s. ne s'est orientée jusqu'à maintenant que sur l'histoire du mot « critique » . Elle doit cependant s'intéresser également aux développements historiques qui n'ont plus aujourd'hui d'effet immédiat ou qui ne sont pas reconnaissables à première vue. Le programme du doute raisonnable et de l'éclectisme véritable en font par exemple partie.

Die philosophische Intention der Arbeiten von Werner Beierwaltes gilt vor allem der Frage, wie sich der platonische Gedanke insgesamt im sogenannten Neuplatonismus bewahrt und zugleich entfaltet und wie er in dieser neuen Form bestimmend wird sowohl fur eine in ihren Reflexionsformen und in wesentlichen Sachfragen philosophisch gepragte christliche Theologie als auch fur die Vollendung des neuzeitlichen Bewusstseins im Deutschen Idealismus. Dabei ist immer wieder das Interesse leitend, die gegenwartig weithin gangigen reduktionistischen Vorstellungen Platonismus und Neuplatonismus in wesentlichen Zugen zu (...) korrigieren. Gegenuber einer groben Beschneidung dieser Begriffe kann nur ein intensiver, geduldiger Umgang mit Texten und ihrer Argumentationsstruktur einige begriffliche Aufklarung erbringen. Das Bewusstsein einer hermeneutischen Affinitat und Differenz zum Vergangenen macht eine kritische und zugleich produktive Aneignung dieses Denkens in der Gegenwart allererst moglich, ohne in eine angestrengte Aktualisierungstendenz zu verfallen. Thema dieses Buches ist die Rezeption neuplatonischen Denkens im Deutschen Idealismus, vor allem in der Philosophie Hegels und Schellings, sowie die sachlichen Bedingungen dieses Vorgangs in der Philosophie des Mittelalters (Augustinus, Eriugena, Meister Eckhart). Dabei wird die Verwurzelung des Idealismus in der Tradition der klassischen Metaphysik, u. a. im Horizont der onto-theologischen Grundfrage deutlich. Ohne die bestehenden Differenzen zwischen spatantiker Metaphysik und neuzeitlichem Bewusstsein einebnen zu wollen, ist gerade im Blick auf neuplatonisches Philosophieren zu sagen, dass dieses die Frage nach dem Selbst und dem Selbst-Bewusstsein entschieden und originar gestellt und entfaltet hat. Das Verbindende zwischen der neuplatonischen Selbstentfaltung des Einen und der idealistischen Position, speziell derjenigen Hegels, ist dabei wesentlich die Theorie von Wahrheit als der zeitfreien Selbstreflexion des Seins oder des absoluten Selbstbezugs des Denkens auf sein eigenes Sein. (shrink)

The built environment matters for democracy: certain forms of political action require particular types of physical space, and decisions about designing such spaces are eminently political. Specific spaces have received more attention than others, though. Relatively few theorists have sought to identify the functions of streets in a democracy. This article revisits, but also relativizes two arguments for democratic street life: an epistemic-cum-moral one about the experience of diversity, and one concerning political community-building. The article argues that streets remain crucial (...) for certain forms of protest, and that the advantages of street life to do with diversity and community-building might in fact most plausibly be realized in moments of protest. Finally, two threats to political street life are discussed and suggestions are offered of how they might be countered. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...) preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)