Results for 'Marcus Ohlström'

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  1.  13
    Vision dominates in perceptual language: English sensory vocabulary is optimized for usage.Bodo Winter, Marcus Perlman & Asifa Majid - 2018 - Cognition 179 (C):213-220.
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  2. Assertion and transparent self-knowledge.Eric Marcus & John Schwenkler - 2019 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 49 (7):873-889.
    We argue that honesty in assertion requires non-empirical knowledge that what one asserts is what one believes. Our argument proceeds from the thought that to assert honestly, one must follow and not merely conform to the norm ‘Assert that p only if you believe that p’. Furthermore, careful consideration of cases shows that the sort of doxastic self-knowledge required for following this norm cannot be acquired on the basis of observation, inference, or any other form of detection of one’s own (...)
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  3.  38
    Kant on cognition and knowledge.Eric Watkins & Marcus Willaschek - 2020 - Synthese 197 (8):3195-3213.
    Even though Kant’s theory of cognition (Erkenntnis) is central to his Critique of Pure Reason, it has rarely been asked what exactly Kant means by the term “cognition”. Against the widespread assumption that cognition (in the most relevant sense of that term) can be identified with knowledge or if not, that knowledge is at least a species of cognition, we argue that the concepts of cognition and knowledge in Kant are not only distinct, but even disjunct. To show this, we (...)
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  4. Reward-Punishment Symmetric Universal Intelligence.Samuel Allen Alexander & Marcus Hutter - 2021 - In Samuel Allen Alexander & Marcus Hutter (eds.), AGI.
    Can an agent's intelligence level be negative? We extend the Legg-Hutter agent-environment framework to include punishments and argue for an affirmative answer to that question. We show that if the background encodings and Universal Turing Machine (UTM) admit certain Kolmogorov complexity symmetries, then the resulting Legg-Hutter intelligence measure is symmetric about the origin. In particular, this implies reward-ignoring agents have Legg-Hutter intelligence 0 according to such UTMs.
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  5. Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: The Role of Leadership Stress.Marcus Selart & Svein Tvedt Johansen - 2011 - Journal of Business Ethics 99 (2):129 - 143.
    Across two studies the hypotheses were tested that stressful situations affect both leadership ethical acting and leaders' recognition of ethical dilemmas. In the studies, decision makers recruited from 3 sites of a Swedish multinational civil engineering company provided personal data on stressful situations, made ethical decisions, and answered to stress-outcome questions. Stressful situations were observed to have a greater impact on ethical acting than on the recognition of ethical dilemmas. This was particularly true for situations involving punishment and lack of (...)
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  6.  23
    Autonomous Weapons and Distributed Responsibility.Marcus Schulzke - 2013 - Philosophy and Technology 26 (2):203-219.
    The possibility that autonomous weapons will be deployed on the battlefields of the future raises the challenge of determining who can be held responsible for how these weapons act. Robert Sparrow has argued that it would be impossible to attribute responsibility for autonomous robots' actions to their creators, their commanders, or the robots themselves. This essay reaches a much different conclusion. It argues that the problem of determining responsibility for autonomous robots can be solved by addressing it within the context (...)
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  7.  2
    On Life and Death. Cicero & Marcus Tullius Cicero - 2017 - Oxford University Press UK.
    'any service I may have rendered my countrymen in my active life I may also extend to them... now that I am at leisure'Marcus Tullius Cicero, Rome's greatest orator, had a career of intense activity in politics, the law courts and the administration, mostly in Rome. His fortunes, however, followed those of Rome, and he found himself driven into exile in 58 BC, only to return a year later to a city paralyzed by the domination of Pompey, Crassus, and (...)
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  8.  92
    Defending the morality of violent video games.Marcus Schulzke - 2010 - Ethics and Information Technology 12 (2):127-138.
    The effect of violent video games is among the most widely discussed topics in media studies, and for good reason. These games are immensely popular, but many seem morally objectionable. Critics attack them for a number of reasons ranging from their capacity to teach players weapons skills to their ability to directly cause violent actions. This essay shows that many of these criticisms are misguided. Theoretical and empirical arguments against violent video games often suffer from a number of significant shortcomings (...)
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  9.  21
    On duties to oneself.Marcus G. Singer - 1958 - Ethics 69 (3):202-205.
  10.  16
    Generalization in ethics.Marcus G. Singer - 1955 - Mind 64 (255):361-375.
  11.  6
    A Philosopher’s Calling.Ruth Barcan Marcus - 2015 - In Michael Frauchiger (ed.), Modalities, Identity, Belief, and Moral Dilemmas. De Gruyter. pp. 17-38.
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  12.  6
    Environmental Externalities and Weak Appropriability: Influences on Firm Pollution Reduction Technology Development.Alfred A. Marcus & Joel Malen - 2019 - Business and Society 58 (8):1599-1633.
    Technological development plays a critical role in society’s ability to address environmental issues. Building on Teece’s profiting from innovation framework, we articulate how a double-externality problem weakens the appropriability regime surrounding pollution reduction technology (PRT). We then develop a theoretical framework articulating how weak appropriability induces firms to modify their innovation strategies for PRT development by increasing the extent to which they engage in organizational exploration (rather than exploitation) and emphasizing incremental (rather than radical) technologies. Noting that the effects of (...)
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  13.  8
    A Commentary on Cicero, De Officiis.Andrew Roy Dyck & Marcus Tullius Cicero - 1996 - University of Michigan Press.
    It deals with the problems of the Latin text (taking account of Michael Winterbottom's new edition), it delineates the work's structure and sometimes elusive train of thought, clarifies the underlying Greek and Latin concepts, and provides starting points for approaching the philosophical and historical problems that De Officiis raises.
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  14. Visual Perception as Patterning: Cavendish against Hobbes on Sensation.Marcus Adams - 2016 - History of Philosophy Quarterly 33 (3):193-214.
    Many of Margaret Cavendish’s criticisms of Thomas Hobbes in the Philosophical Letters (1664) relate to the disorder and damage that she holds would result if Hobbesian pressure were the cause of visual perception. In this paper, I argue that her “two men” thought experiment in Letter IV is aimed at a different goal: to show the explanatory potency of her account. First, I connect Cavendish’s view of visual perception as “patterning” to the “two men” thought experiment in Letter IV. Second, (...)
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  15.  3
    Theology after Lacan: the passion for the real.Creston Davis, Marcus Pound & Clayton Crockett (eds.) - 2014 - Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books.
    This groundbreaking volume highlights the contemporary relevance of Jacques Lacan (1901-1981), whose linguistic reworking of Freudian analysis radicalized both psychoanalysis and its approach to theology. Part I: Lacan, Religion, and Others explores the application of Lacan's thought to the phenomena of religion. Part II: Theology and the Other Lacan explores and develops theology in light of Lacan. In both cases, a central place is given to Lacan's exposition of the real, thereby reflecting the impact of his later work. Contributors include (...)
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  16. Visualizing in Mathematics.Marcus Giaquinto - 2008 - In Paolo Mancosu (ed.), The Philosophy of Mathematical Practice. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 22-42.
    Visual thinking in mathematics is widespread; it also has diverse kinds and uses. Which of these uses is legitimate? What epistemic roles, if any, can visualization play in mathematics? These are the central philosophical questions in this area. In this introduction I aim to show that visual thinking does have epistemically significant uses. The discussion focuses mainly on visual thinking in proof and discovery and touches lightly on its role in understanding.
     
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  17.  8
    Unshared Minds, Decaying Worlds: Towards a Pathology of Chronic Loneliness.Ian Marcus Corbin & Amar Dhand - forthcoming - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy.
    The moment when a person’s actual relationships fall short of desired relationships is commonly identified as the etiological moment of chronic loneliness, which can lead to physical and psychological effects like depression, worse recovery from illness and increased mortality. But, this etiology fails to explain the nature and severe impact of loneliness. Here, we use philosophical analysis and neuroscience to show that human beings develop and maintain our world-picture (our sense of what is true, important, and good) through joint attention (...)
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  18. Mathematical Creation in Frege's Grundgesetze.Philip A. Ebert & Marcus Rossberg - 2019 - In Philip A. Ebert & Marcus Rossberg (eds.), Essays on Frege's Basic Laws of Arithmetic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 325-342.
  19.  24
    Robots as Weapons in Just Wars.Marcus Schulzke - 2011 - Philosophy and Technology 24 (3):293-306.
    This essay analyzes the use of military robots in terms of the jus in bello concepts of discrimination and proportionality. It argues that while robots may make mistakes, they do not suffer from most of the impairments that interfere with human judgment on the battlefield. Although robots are imperfect weapons, they can exercise as much restraint as human soldiers, if not more. Robots can be used in a way that is consistent with just war theory when they are programmed to (...)
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  20.  4
    Duties and duties to oneself.Marcus G. Singer - 1963 - Ethics 73 (2):133-142.
  21.  37
    The concept of evil.Marcus G. Singer - 2004 - Philosophy 79 (2):185-214.
    Though ‘evil’ is often used loosely as merely the generic opposite of ‘morally good’, used precisely it is the worst possible term of opprobrium available. In this essay it is taken as applying primarily to persons, secondarily to conduct; evil deeds must flow from the volition to do something evil. An evil action is one so horrendously bad that no ordinary decent human being can conceive of doing it, and an evil person is one who knowingly wills or orders such (...)
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  22.  1
    A practical guide to knowledge acquisition.Sandra Marcus - 1993 - Artificial Intelligence 60 (1):167-170.
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  23.  6
    Corpus Inscriptionum Judaicarum. Vol. I, Europe.Ralph Marcus & P. J.-B. Frey - 1936 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 56 (4):505.
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  24.  9
    Design thinking in medical ethics education.David Marcus, Amanda Simone & Lauren Block - 2020 - Journal of Medical Ethics 46 (4):282-284.
    Background Design thinking is a tool for generating and exploring ideas from multiple stakeholders. We used DT principles to introduce students to the ethical implications of organ transplantation. Students applied DT principles to propose solutions to maximise social justice in liver transplant allocation. Methods A 150 min interactive workshop was integrated into the longitudinal ethics curriculum. Following a group didactic on challenges of organ donation in the USA supplemented by patient stories, teams of students considered alternative solutions to optimise fairness (...)
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  25.  6
    Education as Formation.Gad Marcus - 2018 - Philosophy of Education 74:725-733.
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  26.  4
    ¿Géneros o estrategias? Discursos históricos y cinematográficos en el cine chileno de ficción.Hans Stange Marcus, Claudio Salinas Muñoz, Eduardo Santa Cruz Achurra & José Miguel Santa Cruz Grau - 2018 - Aisthesis 63:2-25.
    Historical discourses in cinema have generally given rise to cinematographic genres. In Chilean fiction films, however, a different scope is necessary to study its discourses. This essay proposes that it is possible to recognize three main aesthetic strategies by which Chilean fiction films use historical discourse in order to produce certain “verisimilitude effects”: contextual comment, hegemonic or counterhegemonic reinforcement, and narrative subordination.
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  27. Contemporary Reviews of Frege’s Grundgesetze.Philip A. Ebert & Marcus Rossberg - 2019 - In Philip A. Ebert & Marcus Rossberg (eds.), Essays on Frege's Basic Laws of Arithmetic. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 637-652.
  28.  21
    Hilbert's philosophy of mathematics.Marcus Giaquinto - 1983 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 34 (2):119-132.
  29.  3
    Actual consequence utilitarianism.Marcus G. Singer - 1977 - Mind 86 (341):67-77.
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  30.  4
    The "Meditations": And a Selection from /The Letters of Marcus and Fronto.A. S. L. Marcus Aurelius, R. B. Farquharson & Rutherford - 1989 - New York: Oxford University Press. Edited by A. S. L. Farquharson, R. B. Rutherford, Marcus Aurelius & Marcus Cornelius Fronto.
    This new edition brings Farquharson's authoritative 1944 translation up to date and includes a helpful introduction and notes for the student and general reader. Rutherford includes a selection of letters from Marcus to his tutor Fronto--most of which date from his earlier years--that offer personal detail and help to fill out the somber portrait of the emperor that is found in the Meditations.
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  31.  85
    Advice seeking network structures and the learning organization.Jarle Aarstad, Marcus Selart & Sigurd Troye - 2011 - Problems and Perspectives in Management 9 (2):44-51.
    Organizational learning can be described as a transfer of individuals’ cognitive mental models to shared mental models. Employees, seeking the same colleagues for advice, are structurally equivalent, and the aim of the paper is to study if the concept can act as a conduit for organizational learning. It is argued that the mimicking of colleagues’ advice seeking structures will induce structural equivalence and transfer the accuracy of individuals’ cognitive mental models to shared mental models. Taking a dyadic level of analysis (...)
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  32.  80
    Reasoning about outcome probabilities and values in preference reversals.Marcus Selart, Ole Boe & Tommy Garling - 1999 - Thinking and Reasoning 5 (2):175 – 188.
    Research on preference reversals has demonstrated a disproportionate influence of outcome probability on choices between monetary gambles. The aim was to investigate the hypothesis that this is a prominence effect originally demonstrated for riskless choice. Another aim was to test the structure compatibility hypothesis as an explanation of the effect. The hypothesis implies that probability should be the prominent attribute when compared with value attributes both in a choice and a preference rating procedure. In Experiment 1, two groups of undergraduates (...)
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  33.  4
    Knowing numbers.Marcus Giaquinto - 2001 - Journal of Philosophy 98 (1):5-18.
  34.  7
    The legacy of Thomas Paine in the transatlantic world.Sam Edwards & Marcus Morris (eds.) - 2017 - New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
    Introduction: the use and abuse of Thomas Paine in the transatlantic world / Sam Edwards and Marcus Morris -- Part I. The image and idea(s) of Paine: origins, use and reuse -- The image of Tom: Paine in print and portraiture / W.A. Speck -- "I am made to say what I never wrote": deism, spiritualism and ventriloquizing Paine, c.1790s-1850s / Patrick W. Hughes -- All Paine: the American mind and the creation of the League of Nations and the (...)
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  35. AGI.Samuel Allen Alexander & Marcus Hutter (eds.) - 2021
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  36.  7
    A guided tour of minimal indices and shortest descriptions.Marcus Schaefer - 1998 - Archive for Mathematical Logic 37 (8):521-548.
    The set of minimal indices of a Gödel numbering $\varphi$ is defined as ${\rm MIN}_{\varphi} = \{e: (\forall i < e)[\varphi_i \neq \varphi_e]\}$ . It has been known since 1972 that ${\rm MIN}_{\varphi} \equiv_{\mathrm{T}} \emptyset^{\prime \prime }$ , but beyond this ${\rm MIN}_{\varphi}$ has remained mostly uninvestigated. This paper collects the scarce results on ${\rm MIN}_{\varphi}$ from the literature and adds some new observations including that ${\rm MIN}_{\varphi}$ is autoreducible, but neither regressive nor (1,2)-computable. We also study several variants of (...)
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  37.  2
    The Meditations.Marcus Aurelius - 1942 - Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. Edited by G. M. A. Grube.
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  38.  3
    The Ideal of a Rational Morality: Philosophical Compositions.Marcus George Singer - 2002 - Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press UK.
    The Ideal of a Rational Morality collects the most important essays by the distinguished moral philosopher Marcus G. Singer. Its guiding theme is the concept of a morality based in reason, which is presupposed in ordinary moral contexts and provides an ideal for improving ordinary morality and correcting moral judgements. Singer makes compelling claims that certain fundamental presuppositions are inescapable in moral thought, that fundamental moral principles can be proved, and that the concepts of truth and 'common sense' are (...)
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  39.  22
    Essays on Frege's Basic Laws of Arithmetic.Philip A. Ebert & Marcus Rossberg (eds.) - 2019 - Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    The volume is the first collection of essays that focuses on Gottlob Frege's Basic Laws of Arithmetic (1893/1903), highlighting both the technical and the philosophical richness of Frege's magnum opus. It brings together twenty-two renowned Frege scholars whose contributions discuss a wide range of topics arising from both volumes of Basic Laws of Arithmetic. The original chapters in this volume make vivid the importance and originality of Frege's masterpiece, not just for Frege scholars but for the study of the history (...)
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  40. Natural Philosophy, Deduction, and Geometry in the Hobbes-Boyle Debate.Marcus P. Adams - 2017 - Hobbes Studies 30 (1):83-107.
    This paper examines Hobbes’s criticisms of Robert Boyle’s air-pump experiments in light of Hobbes’s account in _De Corpore_ and _De Homine_ of the relationship of natural philosophy to geometry. I argue that Hobbes’s criticisms rely upon his understanding of what counts as “true physics.” Instead of seeing Hobbes as defending natural philosophy as “a causal enterprise … [that] as such, secured total and irrevocable assent,” 1 I argue that, in his disagreement with Boyle, Hobbes relied upon his understanding of natural (...)
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  41.  15
    Epistemology of visual thinking in elementary real analysis.Marcus Giaquinto - 1994 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 45 (3):789-813.
    Can visual thinking be a means of discovery in elementary analysis, as well as a means of illustration and a stimulus to discovery? The answer to the corresponding question for geometry and arithmetic seems to be ‘yes’ (Giaquinto [1992], [1993]), and so a positive answer might be expected for elementary analysis too. But I argue here that only in a severely restricted range of cases can visual thinking be a means of discovery in analysis. Examination of persuasive visual routes to (...)
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  42.  2
    Italian Film in the Light of Neorealism.Angela Dalle-Vacche & Millicent Marcus - 1990 - Substance 19 (1):120.
  43.  2
    Intervenção Estatal Em Prol Das Empresas de Pequeno Porte À Luz da Nova Lei de Licitações e Contratos.Marcus Aurélio Vale da Silva, Marisa Rossignoli & Bruno Bastos de Oliveira - 2023 - Revista Brasileira de Filosofia do Direito 9 (1).
    Fomentar a atuação das micro e pequenas empresas deve se tornar um dos principais escopos das políticas públicas brasileiras direcionadas ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico, considerando o tratamento diferenciado previsto no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, que também prevê legalmente a possibilidade da aplicação de benefícios aos microempreendedores, mas que ainda não atingem os objetivos que transcendem à seara econômica. O estudo almeja trazer reflexões e a compreensão de alguns dos dispositivos de fomento às micro e pequenas empresas à luz da nova lei de (...)
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  44. Developing as a leader and decison maker.Marcus Selart - 2010 - In A Leadership Perspective on Decision Making. Cappelen Academic Publishers. pp. 147-176.
    This chapter makes it clear that a significant element of both leadership and decision making is the development aspect. Leaders develop in their decision making by being confronted with difficult decision situations. However, they also develop through various forms of systemized training and education. Different leaders tend to develop in different directions. For this reason, one can identify a number of key leadership styles based on different ways of leading. These different styles are appropriate for various types of organization. Some (...)
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  45. Visualization.Marcus Giaquinto - 2008 - In Paolo Mancosu (ed.), The Philosophy of Mathematical Practice. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
     
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  46.  14
    Ethically insoluble dilemmas in war.Marcus Schulzke - 2013 - Journal of Military Ethics 12 (2):95 - 110.
    Soldiers encounter extremely difficult ethical dilemmas during wars, as they must make decisions about how to follow the laws of war and their rules of engagement while still protecting themselves and accomplishing their missions. Scholarship on just war theory and military ethics generally describe soldiers' dilemmas as being ethical challenges that soldiers can overcome by using the correct ethical reasoning process. However, this essay argues that some of the apparent ethical dilemmas that soldiers confront are actually ethically insoluble dilemmas that (...)
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  47.  4
    Epistemology of the Obvious: A Geometrical Case.Marcus Giaquinto - 1998 - Philosophical Studies 92 (1/2):181 - 204.
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  48.  4
    Cognitive access to numbers: The philosophical significance of empirical findings about basic number abilities.Marcus Giaquinto - unknown
    How can we acquire a grasp of cardinal numbers, even the first very small positive cardinal numbers, given that they are abstract mathematical entities? That problem of cognitive access is the main focus of this paper. All the major rival views about the nature and existence of cardinal numbers face difficulties; and the view most consonant with our normal thought and talk about numbers, the view that cardinal numbers are sizes of sets, runs into the cognitive access problem. The source (...)
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  49. A Leadership Perspective on Decision Making.Marcus Selart (ed.) - 2010 - Cappelen Academic Publishers.
    This book is concerned with helping you improve your approach to decision-making. The author examines judgement in a selection of managerial contexts and provides important understanding that can help you make better leadership decisions. The book also pinpoints the in-house politics of organisational decision-making. Drawing on the very latest research, it introduces practical techniques that show you how to analyse and develop your own decision-making style. It will help you to deliver sharp and insightful analyses of your business and develop (...)
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  50. Verallgemeinerung in der Ethik.Marcus George Singer - 1977 - Zeitschrift für Philosophische Forschung 31 (1):169-172.
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