The presence of small polydisperse extrachromosomal circular (spc) DNAs composed entirely of chromosomal sequences seems to reflect the plasticity of eukaryotic genomes. The size distribution and number of spc DNAs is found to vary with development, growth state and mitotic capacity. In particular, spc DNAs are observed to be several fold smaller in established immortal cell lines than in diploid cells with a limited life span. Analysis of cloned spc DNA fragments revealed that: (1) most of the spc DNAs thus (...) far investigated contain repetitive sequences; (2) some of the repetitive sequences are enriched in spc DNA clones relative to their representation in the chromosome; (3) various repetitive sequences of different reiteration frequency were found in spc DNA from immortal cell lines while a particular sequence of retroposon was predominant in primary lymphoid tissue cells and stem cells; (4) most of these spc DNAs appear to represent the extra copies generated by replicon‐misfiring in immortal cell lines or by retrotranscription in stem cells, and intermediates or by‐products produced by abortive rearrangement in diploid cells with a finite replicative capacity. (shrink)

日本政治の実証分析、レヴァイアサン、自由主義的改革、政界再編、ポピュリズム――日本政治研究をリードした「大嶽政治学」の軌跡。.

In this paper we consider distributive modal logic, a setting in which we may add modalities, such as classical types of modalities as well as weak forms of negation, to the fragment of classical propositional logic given by conjunction, disjunction, true, and false. For these logics we define both algebraic semantics, in the form of distributive modal algebras, and relational semantics, in the form of ordered Kripke structures. The main contributions of this paper lie in extending the notion of Sahlqvist (...) axioms to our generalized setting and proving both a correspondence and a canonicity result for distributive modal logics axiomatized by Sahlqvist axioms. Our proof of the correspondence result relies on a reduction to the classical case, but our canonicity proof departs from the traditional style and uses the newly extended algebraic theory of canonical extensions. (shrink)

In his doctoral dissertation, Harold Garfinkel critically examined Talcott Parsons' classical formulation of the problem of order referred to as the Hobbesian problem. Garfinkel's criticism can be summarized under the following three headings: (1) common sense rationality replaces scientific rationality; (2) the level of the premises of conduct replaces the level of de facto action; (3) congruence theory replaces the correspondence theory. The aim of this paper is to make some observations on the structure of the problem of order which (...) Garfinkel discovered through this criticism. I propose to call it the Rashomon problem after Akira Kurosawa's film Rashomon. Ethnomethodology can be regarded as an attempt to solve the Rashomon problem. (shrink)

明治の草創期に、学校教育に欧米式の方法が導入されて以来、子どもたちの直観や自発性を重視したペスタロッチーとフレーベルの教育思想は、戦後にいたるまで日本の教育に強い影響力を与え続けてきた。二人の教育思想 はどのように受容され、実践されてきたのだろうか。その理想に共鳴した教育者・教育学者の足跡からたどる。.

The mean-field theory with the use of the slave-boson functional method has been generalized to take account of the spin- and/or orbital-ordered state in the doubly degenerate Hubbard model. Numerical calculations are presented of the antiferromagnetic orbital-ordered state in the half-filled simple-cubic model. The orbital order in the present theory is much reduced compared with that in the Hartree–Fock approximation because of the large orbital fluctuations. From a comparison of the ground-state energy, the antiferromagnetic orbital state is shown to be (...) unstable against the antiferromagnetic spin state, although the situation becomes reversed when the exchange interaction is negative. (shrink)

差しせまる西洋列強からの圧力のなか「管子」の法思想に接ぎ木する形で近代化を果たそうとした日本と中国。鏡のようにお互いを反映しあいながらもなにがその成否を分けたのか?「近代化」の別れ道はどこにあったのか ?

There are stable wavelets which satisfy the Schrödinger equation. The motion of a wavelet is determined by a set of ordinary differential equations. In a certain limit, a wavelet turns out to be the known representation of a classical material point. A de Broglie wave is constructed by superposing similar free wavelets. Conventional energy eigensolutions of the Schrödinger equation can be interpreted as ensembles of wavelets. If the dynamics of wavelets form the quantum mechanical counterpart of Newton's dynamics of particles, (...) then conventional quantum mechanics is the counterpart of Gibbs's mechanics of ensembles. In this way, conventional quantum mechanics is reinterpreted on a deterministic basis. A difficulty of quantum field theory is predictable from this point of view. (shrink)

The significance of the wavelets reported on previously is seen to lie in the causal nature of their motion. Some remarks are presented in order to bring out this significance.

In a previous paper it was shown that the tunnel effect does not occur in the motion of an undeformable wavelet which we obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation and interpreted as representing a single particle. In the present supplementary paper we solve the same Schrödinger equation while modifying one of the restrictive conditions assumed previously, and obtain wavelets which deform in force fields. Tunnel effects are seen in the motion of these deformable wavelets. An apparent inaccuracy pointed out mathematically (...) in these solutions is shown to be insignificant under conditions which are feasible in the physical sense. (shrink)