This article aims to establish a line of continuity between John Dewey’s democratic and educational ideals and the practice of action research, to justify that the latter affords an adequate means to enact Dewey’s ideals against the destructive challenges that neoliberalism poses to democracy today. This aim involves three ideas that will be developed in three corresponding sections. After the Introduction, the first section analyzes at length the main tenets of Dewey’s thoughts about democracy by emphasizing the role of the (...) educational dimension. The article then approaches neoliberalism by focusing on one of its variants, New Public Management, and explains why the latter implies a direct erasure of Dewey’s ideals concerning democracy, individual growth, education, and social advancement. Finally, the third section turns to action research and its potential to encourage our societies to move closer to Dewey’s democratic ideals, and suggests that action research can begin to fill the gap that Dewey’s work left concerning the institutional dimension of democracy. (shrink)

Taking for granted that Marx’s economic theory enjoys a scientific status and, furthermore, that it installed a real Copernican revolution in sociology, the present paper explores the possibility of deriving a system of law deserving the name of “scientific” in so far as it would be in keeping with the theses of the latter scientific theory. In this context, the paper argues against a claim recently sustained by Fernández Liria and Alegre Zahonero, for whom a system of right compatible with (...) Marx’s theory would be compatible, too, with the classic juridical formulations conceived during the Enlightenment. The main reason why this paper testifies against such compatibility is that the enlightened concepts of “equality”, “liberty” and “autonomy” count with the individual as the realm for their juridical application. However, Marx’s subject matter being the social means of production (and not the individuals’ production of value), we conclude that the only juridical subject that could justifiably be derived from his economic investigation would be the “social class”. Finally, the paper suggests that the only way a scientific system of law could grant a juridical status to the individual would be by taking into account the other theory that also installed a Copernican revolution in the social sciences, though this time in the field of psychology: Freud’s psychoanalysis. Key words: Copernican revolution, science, scientific. (shrink)

Este artículo se integra en una investigación general cuyo objeto es desvelar la discrepancia teórica fundamental entre la ontología y el psicoanálisis. Este artículo en concreto trata de explicar el modelo de estructura planteado por Gilles Deleuze en su ontología a partir de algunos de los mecanismos que Sigmund Freud descubre en la forma de represión específica de una de las configuraciones patológicas más comunes de la subjetividad, la neurosis obsesiva, tal y como la describe en el caso clínico «El (...) hombre de las ratas». (shrink)

Careful reading of John Dewey’s The Public and its Problems reveals a weak point at the stage when a given public became self-aware and proceeded to seek representation in the institutions of the state. Aside from a general emphasis on art and science, Dewey’s political theory offered no concrete discussion of the means suitable for this phase of the democratic process. Furthermore, the dichotomy between violence and the peaceful means of art and science left no space for the affirmation of (...) nonviolence – the method most capable of amplifying democracy during the decade following Dewey’s death. Accordingly, the article hypothesizes a novel rendition of nonviolence from the standpoint of Dewey’s understanding of art as social inquiry, compares it with Martin Luther King Jr.’s theory and practice of nonviolent dramatization, and ends by presenting a Deweyan reading of the civil rights movement in terms of the framework contained in The Public and its Problems. (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the influence and measurement of the relationship and interaction between the elderly lifestyles after the appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 variant and the factors analyzed comprised life satisfaction levels, social relationships, and daily-life activities.MethodsThe study population was ≥ 65 in Castile-La Mancha. The research design was quantitative and arose from primary data collected via an ad hoc survey carried out through the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview system by randomly stratified sampling. The sample size was made up (...) of 1,065 cases, and the participants were selected through a random sampling stratified by gender quotas, age, province, and habitat size.ResultsThe results obtained revealed two main lifestyles, from which a notable behavioral change in personal relationships led to infer toward alternative lifestyles.ConclusionNotwithstanding the variation in lifestyles of the elderly after the pandemic, certain relationships remained unaltered. Thus, from the analyzed variables, relatives and friends relationships were scarcely influenced by the supervened incident. (shrink)

Le statut théorique du rapport cognitif entre sujet et objet a été refusé par Sartre depuis ses premiers textes phénoménologiques et surtout dans L?Être et le Néant . C?est justement le rapport existentiel et immédiat de la conscience au monde, c?est-à-dire la conscience (de) soi, qui nous donne le point le plus substantiel dans la description phénoménologique sartrienne de la liberté. La conscience est plongée dans le monde et elle ne peut jamais lui échapper. Toutefois, elle peut quand même essayer (...) de se cacher à elle-même dans une conduite de mauvaise foi, bien que dans ce cas elle soit vouée à l?échec. C?est à partir du concept de mauvaise foi que la morale même devient possible dans la pensée du Sartre phénoménologue. La possibilité de conversion est ce qui permet de la préciser et de la définir ; autrement dit, d?envisager l?authenticité de la conscience dans sa relation à autrui. La description de la conversion, c?est ce qui nous renvoie au sens moral de la liberté à travers son rapport pratique dans le monde. Nous essayerons de reconstituer brièvement le parcours qui a amené Sartre à cette idée fonda­mentale. 1. Le refus du théorétisme dans la philosophie existentielle sartrienne La phénoménologie sartrienne des années 1930 et même celle de L?Être et le Néant s?est développée dans un dialogue constant avec Husserl. Bien qu?une influence plus nette de Heidegger soit apparue plus tôt à partir. (shrink)

RESUMO O presente artigo parte de várias considerações de Bakhtin a respeito do discurso romanesco a fim de compreender alguns aspectos discursivos do Dom Quixote, de Miguel de Cervantes. Procede-se, então, a uma comparação com o discurso de outra obra que reproduz parcialmente o Dom Quixote: o conto Pierre Menard, autor do Quixote, de Jorge Luis Borges. Por fim, discute-se brevemente o problema da quase ausência do Dom Quixote nas discussões de Bakhtin sobre o romance, apresentando-se a hipótese de (...) Walter Reed de que, tal como no conto de Borges, a própria teoria bakhtiniana também reproduz parcialmente o peculiar pensamento do Quixote. ABSTRACT This article discusses several of Bakhtin’s concepts regarding discourse in the novel genre as a way to understand some discursive aspects of Miguel de Cervantes’ Dom Quixote. We then proceed to a comparison with the discourse in another literary work that partially reproduces Dom Quixote: the short story “Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote,” by Jorge Luis Borges. Finally, we briefly discuss the problem of Dom Quixote’s almost absence in Bakhtin’s work about the novel genre, while presenting the hypothesis by Walter Reed that, as in Borges’ short story, Bakhtin’s theory itself also partially reproduces the Quixote’s particular way of thinking. (shrink)

ObjectiveThe presence of two or more chronic diseases results in worse clinical outcomes than expected by a simple combination of diseases. This synergistic effect is expected to be higher when combined with some conditions, depending on the number and severity of diseases. Multimorbidity is a relatively new term, with the first fundamental definitions appearing in 2015. Studies usually define it as the presence of at least two chronic medical illnesses. However, little is known regarding the relationship between mental disorders and (...) other non-psychiatric chronic diseases. This review aims at investigating the association between some mental disorders and non-psychiatric diseases, and their pattern of association.MethodsWe performed a systematic approach to selecting papers that studied relationships between chronic conditions that included one mental disorder from 2015 to 2021. These were processed using Covidence, including quality assessment.ResultsThis resulted in the inclusion of 26 papers in this study. It was found that there are strong associations between depression, psychosis, and multimorbidity, but recent studies that evaluated patterns of association of diseases had heterogeneous results. Quality assessment of the papers generally revealed low quality among the included studies.ConclusionsThere is evidence of an association between depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychosis with multimorbidity. Studies that tried to examine the patterns of association between diseases did not find stable results.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021216101, identifier: CRD42021216101. (shrink)

El presente artículo es el resultado de reflexiones teóricas-metodológicas alrededor del estudio del fenómeno religioso, específicamente el que concierne al de sistemas religiosos de inspiración afro en Colombia entre 2003-2023. El objetivo es analizar las problemáticas de la investigación sobre estos sistemas religiosos en diáspora dentro del contexto nacional. La discusión señala una serie de tensiones y contradicciones teóricas-metodológicas en las que se ven involucradas/os las/os investigadoras/es insertas/os en el mundo académico, las cuales inician desde el momento mismo en que (...) seleccionan su tema de investigación, los referentes teóricos-metodológicos, conceptuales y el tipo de escritura que habrán de emplear a lo largo de los distintos estudios. Así, quienes investigan sobre fenómenos religiosos son vistos con suspicacia dentro de la academia, una que persiste en oponer asuntos tales como objetividad/subjetividad, outsider/insider, ciencia/religión o verdad/creencia. Finalmente, estas discusiones devienen en cuestionamientos éticos del modo como se hace investigación sobre estas dinámicas socioculturales que adquieren relevancia en Colombia y el mundo contemporáneo. (shrink)

The aim of the essay is to analyze the passages of the Cartesian oeuvre which could be related to the problem of other minds. After a brief presentation of the problem and what is known as the argument from analogy, we show that what we will call the automata passage is not an acknowledgement of the problem. Next, we raise a way of generating the problem, to show how it could be approached from Descartes’s works.

The aim of the essay is to analyze the passages of the Cartesian oeuvre which could be related to the problem of other minds. After a brief presentation of the problem and what is known as the argument from analogy, we show that what we will call the automata passage is not an acknowledgement of the problem. Next, we raise a way of generating the problem, to show how it could be approached from Descartes’s works.

v. 1. Para pensar a Bolívar -- v. 2. Lenguajes republicanos.

En el presente artículo, en primera instancia, se presenta qué se entiende por hacer ciencia de la ética. Una vez aclarado este concepto, se plantea la pregunta central del texto: ¿Es posible hacer ciencia de la ética? Posteriormente, se expone un recorrido por la literatura académica reciente sobre Wittgenstein y la relación de la filosofía de este con la ética, con la intención de contrastar la reflexión que desarrollo. A través de esto, se expresa la imposibilidad de hacer ciencia de (...) la ética, en tanto que la ética está más allá del lenguaje proposicional necesario para hacer ciencia. Así pues, se muestran las falencias presentes en aquellos autores que intentan presentar una teoría ética. Al evitar los problemas relacionados con los intentos cientificistas de cooptar la ética, se explica si hay posibilidad de hacer ética una vez despojados de las constricciones del lenguaje proposicional. Finalmente, se concluye que existen maneras de hacer ética incluso si la ciencia no es una de ellas. (shrink)

If Unamuno had been able to choose how to be remembered, he would have wanted him to be a poet. This book wants to do justice to that happy possibility. But above all because Unamuno was a poet in the highest sense: he was while writing the same essay as a novel, or theater, letter or verse, and he was also a poet when he passionately lived all the facets of his intense existence. His intellectual work was poetic and his (...) personal relationships, as well as his political activity, also responded to that peculiar Unamunian aesthetic in which the vital horizon is inescapably confused with the tasks of thought." --Translated from back cover. (shrink)

El símbolo y la analogía pueden parecer cuestiones accesorias en la filosofía de Kant. Sin embargo, estas nociones adquieren gran relevancia si se tiene presente que muchas problemáticas de su filosofía pueden esclarecerse a partir de una interpretación simbólica. En el presente artículo se expondrán, en primer lugar, algunos puntos de la perspectiva kantiana respecto del símbolo. Esto se realizará, fundamentalmente, a partir de algunas especificaciones que Kant realiza en Los progresos de la metafísica. Se examinará, en segundo lugar, el (...) trasfondo analógico que subyace a la noción kantiana de símbolo. Puesto que el objetivo del presente trabajo es abordar el problema de la afección desde una perspectiva simbólica, se expondrán brevemente algunas precisiones e interpretaciones respecto al estatus ontológico de la cosa en sí. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, sostendremos que cuando Kant afirma que podemos pensar la relación entre cosa en sí y fenómeno como una relación de fundamentación, es posible interpretar que estamos ante una expresión de tipo simbólico. (shrink)

Haciendo uso de paquete informático Bibliometrix y de la Guía Prisma, se desarrolló un análisis bibliométrico de la literatura proveniente de la Web of Science sobre la competencia digital docente universitaria. Se delimita la investigación a través de tesauros de Eric. Se plantearon preguntas de investigación relacionadas con las fuentes de datos, los autores y las redes de colaboración. La investigación evidencia incrementos en la producción a partir del año 2019, la nacionalidad de los autores y la filiación de instituciones (...) resaltan a través de redes de investigaciones extendidas en Iberoamérica. Es necesario ampliar este estudio a otras bases científicas. (shrink)

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura localizada en Scopus sobre la competencia digital (CD) del profesorado universitario; con ayuda de la metodología PRISMA y operadores se delimitó la investigación a través de tesauros de Eric. Los autores/entidades españolas resaltan en la temática, existen esfuerzos orientados al diseño, validación y aplicación de rúbricas a nivel mundial. Los abordajes predominantemente son cuantitativos. La investigación fortalece el entendimiento sobre la CD, existe un efecto positivo otorgado por las CD docentes en la (...) formación de estudiantes, se requiere desarrollar planes de formación y emprender esfuerzos similares en otras bases de datos científicas. (shrink)

Las investigaciones sobre Luis de León se han centrado, sobre todo, en su mística, narrativa y teoría literaria. En este trabajo, el autor intenta desarrollar los principales aspectos de su teoría jurídica. Al igual que otros grandes teólogos de la Escuela de Salamanca, también León ha estudiado el problema de la naturaleza de la ley humana y su vinculación con el derecho natural. Éste es, justamente, el tema del siguiente trabajo. The studies about Luis de León has focused (...) mainly in his mystical, narrative and literary theory. In this paper, the author attempts to develop the principal aspects of his legal doctrine. Like other great theologians of The Salamanca School, also Leon has studied the issue of the nature of human law and its relationship with the natural law. This is precisely the thematic of the next article. (shrink)

En este trabajo se intenta presentar la doctrina que tiene fray Luis de León sobre la determinación del derecho natural. Se propone que León no sólo debe ser considerado como uno de los principales representantes de la literatura española, sino como uno de los grandes juristas de la Neoescolástica del siglo XVI.

Castro, Rodrigo y Chamorro, Emmanuel (eds.) (2021)Para una crítica del neoliberalismo: Foucault y Nacimiento de la Biopolítica Madrid: Lengua de Trapo, 538 p. ISBN 978-84-8381-265-5.

This paper explores the contrast between two meanings of thinking: (i) one implied by the Cartesian and Kantian philosophy, the two thinkers that have arguably the deepest influence on the constellation of Western philosophical problems and (ii) another implied by the philosophical-anthropological project of the Brazilian anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. The thesis here defended is that, in the Cartesian and Kantian philosophy, thinking is related to ruling and legislating over the experience through concepts, while in Viveiros de Castros' (...) theoretical enterprise, thinking is rather to explore the limits of conceptual constructions when confronted with the experience of alterity. (shrink)

Le théologien Henri Bouillard confronte les conceptions weilienne et lévinasienne de Dieu, parce qu’il ne les partage pas entièrement: pour lui comme pour les deux philosophes, Dieu n’est pas un étant; mais pour lui contrairement à Éric Weil, Dieu transcende le monde; et pour lui contrairement à Emmanuel Lévinas, Dieu ne reste pas transcendant, il devient immanent au monde en s’incarnant en Jésus.