El corazón de Heidegger: el concepto de «estado de ánimo» de Martin de Heidegger, de reciente traducción al español, proporciona valiosas claves para la comprensión y el estudio de la obra de Byung-Chul Han en el ámbito hispanohablante. En este artículo expondremos cómo este texto arroja luz sobre las bases filosóficas de Han, la constitución de su proyecto de relación con la alteridad, el marco fenomenológico en el que origina y el imprescindible papel de Martin Heidegger en su pensamiento. Del (...) mismo modo, contribuye a identificar las etapas de su recorrido, así como los cambios experimentados en sus propuestas. (shrink)

El artículo aborda la relación entre Nietzsche y Levinas, en particular se enfrenta a la concepción de cuerpo y narración sostenida por cada autor. En ese sentido se afirma que la aparente distancia que existe entre ambos pensadores puede reducirse a partir de las temáticas que se estudian en este trabajo. A la luz de todo ello, la lectura del cuerpo de Nietzsche y la comprensión de narración de Levinas no habrían sido solo reflexiones filosóficas, sino más bien el pretexto (...) para que ambos pensadores critiquen el pensamiento establecido y propongan, cada uno a su modo, un quehacer filosófico que afecta directamente la existencia humana en cuanto reflexión sobre las formas como se comprende la vida misma. (shrink)

Mental health apps bring unprecedented benefits and risks to individual and public health. A thorough evaluation of these apps involves considering two aspects that are often neglected: the algorithms they deploy and the functions they perform. We focus on mental health apps based on black box algorithms, explore their forms of opacity, discuss the implications derived from their opacity, and propose how to use their outcomes in mental healthcare, self‐care practices, and research. We argue that there is a relevant distinction (...) between functions performed by algorithms in mental health apps, and we focus on the functions of analysis and generation of advice. When performing analytic functions, such as identifying patterns and making predictions concerning people's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors, black box algorithms can be better than other algorithms to provide information to identify early signs of relapse, support diagnostic processes, and improve research by generating outcomes that lead to a better understanding of mental health. However, when carrying out the function of providing mental health advice, black box algorithms have the potential to deliver unforeseen advice that may harm users. We argue that the outcomes of these apps may be trustworthy as a complementary source of information, but express caution about black box algorithms that give advice directly to users. To reap the benefits of mental health apps based on black box algorithms and avoid unintended consequences, we critically need to know whether these algorithms are fulfilling the function of providing mental health advice. (shrink)

What has the past reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic taught us? We have seen that many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) still lack access to vaccines, and it seems little progress has been made in the last few months and year. This article discusses whether the current strategies, most notably, vaccine donations by the international community and the COVID-19 global access facility COVAX, offer meaningful solutions to tackle the problem. At the centre of our analysis, we compare the concepts of (...) “donations” and “charity” with “vaccine equity” and the “empowerment” of poorer countries. We suggest that the achievement of fair global vaccine production requires that our global approach is supportive of the idea of empowerment. We, therefore, need structural reforms, which would most importantly include capacity building, to positively impact this goal and to take the interests of the global poor seriously. (shrink)

In this paper the analysis of the classical dynamics of a charged particle is carried out without considering that the electromagnetic field necessarily goes to zero at infinity. A quite general non-linear equation of motion is obtained for an extended charged particle valid for any distribution of charge in the particle and for an electromagnetic field satisfying any boundary conditions. Some common approximations are analyzed with detail to determine how the usual difficulties arise.

En Muerte y alteridad (2002), de reciente publicación en lengua española (2018), Byung-Chul Han analiza una trayectoria filosófica que atraviesa el pensamiento de Kant, Heidegger y Lévinas para señalar la que identifica como una postura caracterizada por la interioridad, desde la cual se entiende al yo como positividad unitaria frente a la negatividad de lo heterogéneo, la alteridad y la muerte. Estas premisas incurrirían en solipsismos, aporías y contradicciones que nos proponemos examinar, a fin de afinar y valorar críticamente la (...) caracterización llevada a cabo por Han. Tanto el heroísmo del yo como del amor constituirían, concluye el filósofo de origen coreano, respuestas equivocadas al hecho de la muerte, proponiendo a este respecto una apertura a la exterioridad de rasgos budistas que implicaría un vaciamiento del yo. Esta alternativa, de ecos religiosos, invita a una reflexión sobre la naturaleza de su proyecto filosófico, no solo con respecto al afrontamiento de la muerte, sino como respuesta a las problemáticas de la modernidad. (shrink)

La doble pertenencia pertenencia religiosa es una emergente categoría de la teología del pluralismo religioso, que intenta aproximarse a las experiencias de fe de místicos y teólogos, que profundizan en su experiencia cristiana desde las espiritualidades orientales. Desde los límites entre las religiones, la hibridación de las creencias y el lenguaje bilingüe religioso, surgen experiencias de fe para adentrarse en el Misterio. La interacción entre los presupuestos de la doble o múltiple afiliación religiosa con las reflexiones de la teología el (...) pluralismo religioso, tiene como intención una aproximación a la comprensión de la religiosidad de los pueblos ancestrales, que bajo otras categorías birreligiosidad, posterior Teología propia y el sincretismo teológico, ubican las religiones aborígenes y afrodescendientes en relación con el cristianismo, como experiencias de fe y tradición considerando la Revelación como esencia de su identidad religiosa, ancestral y cultural. Las aproximaciones teológicas a partir del pluralismo religioso y la doble creencia religiosa, podrán generar la comprensión de la afiliación religiosa en creencias religiosas propias para el contexto tomando como referencia la fe del pueblo discernida. (shrink)

The role of affection in the mass production of information and the post-truth phenomenon has returned a bias to the analysis of emotions, under which they appear as a key agent in disinformation systems, or as a distorting element that must be eliminated in order to have an "objective" access to the truth through the strict use of reason. In this work we will defend that both positions incur in problematic approaches, and that both are based on premises that deserve (...) a review. From this critical exercise, we will suggest a transversal proposal of minimums from which to carry out the analysis of emotions in the study of post-truth. (shrink)

An alternative approach to analyze the nonrelativistic quantum dynamics of a rigid and extended charged particle taking into account the radiation reaction is discussed with detail. Interpretation of the field operators as annihilation and creation ones, theory of perturbations and renormalization are not used. The analysis is carried out in the Heisenberg picture with the electromagnetic field expanded in a complete orthogonal basis set of functions which allows the electromagnetic field to satisfy arbitrary boundary conditions. The corresponding coefficients are the (...) field operators which satisfy the usual commutation relations. A nonlinear equation of motion for the charged particle is obtained. A careful consideration of the quantum effects allows the derivation of a linear equation of motion which is free of both runaway solutions and preacceleration, even for a point charge. Also, the electromagnetic mass, which is defined as the coefficient of the acceleration operator, vanishes for a point particle. However, this does not mean that the results are free of ambiguities which are exhibited and discussed. (shrink)

Many readings of the Parable of the Labourers in the vineyard want to treat the owner as representing God. Knowledge of actual agricultural practices relating to the management of vineyards suggest, on the contrary, that the details of the parable obstruct an easy identification of the owner with God, and that he displays unusual behaviour not only by paying all the labourers the same wage, but by his very intervention in the hiring process. The conclusion reached is that the parable (...) constructs the vineyard owner, typically one of the nouveau riche who lived in cities, not only as a ‘good employer’ but also, contrary to expectation, as a patron who intervened well beyond the strict norms of economic exchange. (shrink)

What has the past reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic taught us? We have seen that many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) still lack access to vaccines, and it seems little progress has been made in the last few months and year. This article discusses whether the current strategies, most notably, vaccine donations by the international community and the COVID-19 global access facility COVAX, offer meaningful solutions to tackle the problem. At the centre of our analysis, we compare the concepts of (...) “donations” and “charity” with “vaccine equity” and the “empowerment” of poorer countries. We suggest that the achievement of fair global vaccine production requires that our global approach is supportive of the idea of empowerment. We, therefore, need structural reforms, which would most importantly include capacity building, to positively impact this goal and to take the interests of the global poor seriously. (shrink)

In order to understand the rise of runaway solutions in the radiation reaction problem a mechanical model is used. An alternative demonstration of Daboul’s theorem, through Hurwitz’s criterion, is given. The origin of runaway solutions in electrodynamics is discussed. They arise when the particle has a negative mechanical mass or when approximations are used in the equation of motion. In the 1-dimensional mechanical model an exact and linear equation of motion for the particle is obtained, the corresponding exact solution is (...) again runaway when the mechanical mass is negative. The exact solution is not runaway when the mechanical mass is positive. However, the use of approximations leads to an equation of motion which has runaway solutions. It is exhibited that the use of approximations in the 3-dimensional mechanical model is completely necessary because the general equation of motion for the particle is non-linear. The analysis of this case proceeds in a very similar way to the one carried out in electrodynamics. This means that the number of dimensions also plays an important role in the analysis. (shrink)

Este artículo examina las diferentes conceptualizaciones del sistema cognitivo de los docentes, desde la perspectiva socioconstructivista. Aborda la cognición como una base conceptual, personal, subjetiva y dinámica que tiene un impacto significativo en la actuación docente y en el proceso de cambio en educación. El proceso de exploración de la cognición docente puede ayudar a enriquecer la conceptualización sobre el proceso didáctico, y, además, puede servir como base para la autoevaluación docente, componente importante del desarrollo profesional en la Educación Superior.

RESUMEN Este artículo explora si hay algún fundamento sólido para atribuir a Leonardo da Vinci prioridad en la formulación del símil que lleva a concebir el ojo como una cámara obscura. Aquí, se defiende una posición pesimista. No obstante, el artículo resalta algunos aportes del pintor renacentista que pueden considerarse contribuciones a la consolidación del símil. ABSTRACT The article explores whether there is any solid basis for attributing to Leonardo da Vinci the priority in formulating the simile that leads to (...) conceiving the eye as a camera obscura. Here, a pessimistic position is defended, however, the article highlights some of Leonardo's contributions to the consolidation of the simile. (shrink)

Online social networks are highly dynamic and sparse. One of the main problems in analyzing these networks is the problem of predicting the existence of links between users on these networks: the link prediction problem. Many studies have been conducted to predict links using a variety of techniques like the decision tree and the logistic regression approaches. In this work, we will illustrate the use of the rough set theory in predicting links over the Facebook social network based on homophilic (...) features. Other supervised learning algorithms are also employed in our experiments and compared with the rough set classifier, such as naive Bayes, J48 decision tree, support vector machine, logistic regression, and multilayer perceptron neural network. Moreover, we studied the influence of the “common groups” and “common page likes” homophilic features on predicting friendship between users of Facebook, and also studied the effect of using the Jaccard coefficient in measuring the similarity between users’ homophilic attributes compared with using the overlap coefficient. We conducted our experiments on two different datasets obtained from the Facebook online social network, where users in each dataset live within the same geographical region. The results showed that the rough set classifier significantly outperformed the other classifiers in all experiments. The results also demonstrated that the common groups and the common page likes features have a significant influence on predicting the friendship between users of Facebook. Finally, the results revealed that using the overlap coefficient homophilic features provided better results than that of the Jaccard coefficient features. (shrink)

El presente artículo se centra en una investigación sobre los vínculos entre la teoría crítica de la educación inclusiva, la justicia social y la literatura de tradición oral, puesto que a través de los referentes hallados se interpela a la literatura desde el mismo contexto del Sur Global, visto como un punto de partida para comprender los problemas culturales, sociales e interculturales. Desde estas consideraciones, se hizo una revisión sistemática de la producción y publicación de trabajos investigativos referentes al estudio (...) de las variables Literatura de tradición oral, Justicia social y Educación inclusiva, bajo el enfoque PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses). El objetivo del análisis propuesto fue conocer las características principales de las publicaciones registradas en base de datos Scopus y Web of Science y su alcance en el estudio de las variables propuestas, logrando la identificación de 106 publicaciones en total. Gracias a esta primera identificación, se refinaron los resultados a través de dos palabras clave, “Social justice (and) Inclusive education”, llegando a un total de 23 documentos, después de excluir los duplicados y aquellos que no cumplían con los criterios de análisis. Luego fueron analizados esperando conocer la relación entre las variables, y cómo en América se ha avanzado en materia de lucha contra la corrupción. Los hallazgos apuntan a: 1) que la educación inclusiva establece vínculos con la literatura de tradición oral desde el reconocimiento de la pluralidad y las diferencias culturales; 2) que los autores resaltan expresiones culturales transmitidas de generación en generación para fecundar nuevos conocimientos desde la comunidad; 3) y que la justicia social se traduce en una educación que reconoce diferencias y genera espacios para otros saberes, como es el caso de la literatura de tradición. (shrink)