The generation of the 98 (specially Miguel Unamuno) initiates in Spain the rupture with the modern philosophy following a scheme similar to the Hegel’s Fenomenology of Spirit. They present a spiritualist philosophy, that defends the concrete, vital and historical reality of the man similarly to Simmel, Bergson, etc. in Europe.

The generation of the 98 (specially Miguel Unamuno) initiates in Spain the rupture with the modern philosophy following a scheme similar to the Hegel's Fenomenology of Spirit. They present a spiritualist philosophy, that defends the concrete, vital and historical reality of the man similarly to Simmel, Bergson, etc. in Europe.

El artículo analiza la transformación que se produce en el lenguaje político a partir de las traducciones al latín de las obras éticas y políticas de Aristóteles en el siglo XIII. Se destaca el papel central de Tomás de Aquino, que inaugura la tradición tomista dentro de la cual se elabora un paradigma político que tiene el reino como núcleo. Dentro de este paradigma el rey no es caracterizado desde el punto de vista del poder, sino como “vicario de la (...) multitud”. Esta tradición política es alternativa al republicanismo de algunos pensadores políticos italianos y a la razón de estado que acabará triunfando en la modernidad. El artículo habla de un humanismo tomista alternativo a los otros humanismos del renacimiento. (shrink)

The paper starts by stating that the concept of progress, which is a key factor in the Enlightenment programme on the philosophy of history, has vanished from our society of risk, and posits whether it is possible today to rethink the philosophy of history. The second part refers to the negation of this philosophy by Badiou and Lyotard, due to the disappearance of the “modern subject”, which lay at its heart. There are many “histories”, but there is no single “History”. (...) The third part of the paper seeks to counteract that negation through the Sartrean concept of “alienation”, which involves a change in human relationships (“reification”), resulting from the “subject matter worked by praxis”. This is a concept that allows us to speak today of a universal history, whose “no-subject” would be that “worked subject matter”. The paper concludes by affirming that the aim of philosophy today is not to “contemplate the world” or “change the world” but rather to “take care of the world”. (shrink)

The document starts by skating that the concept of progress, which is key in the Enlightenment programme of philosophy of history, has disappeared in our society of risk, and wonders whether it is today possible rethinking the philosophy of history. The second part refers to the denial of philosophy of history by Badiou and Lyotard, as a consequence of the disappearance of the “modern subject”, which was the core of philosophy of history. There are many “histories”, but there is not (...) one “History”. The third part of the paper looks for a way out from that denial, finding it in the sartrean concept of “alienation”, which involves a changein the human relationships (“reification”) as a consequences of the “subject matter worked by praxis”, which is a concept that allows us to speak today of a universal history, whose “no‐subject” would be that “worked subject matter”. The conclusion of the paper is that the aim of philosophy today is not to “contemplate the world” or “change the world” but rather to “take care of the world”. (shrink)

El artículo analiza la transformación que se produce en el lenguaje político a partir de las traducciones al latín de las obras éticas y políticas de Aristóteles en el siglo XIII. Se destaca el papel central de Tomás de Aquino, que inaugura la tradición tomista dentro de la cual se elabora un paradigma político que tiene el reino como núcleo. Dentro de este paradigma el rey no es caracterizado desde el punto de vista del poder, sino como “vicario de la (...) multitud”. Esta tradición política es alternativa al republicanismo de algunos pensadores políticos italianos y a la razón de estado que acabará triunfando en la modernidad. El artículo habla de un humanismo tomista alternativo a los otros humanismos del renacimiento. (shrink)

El artículo analiza la tradición hermenéutica en el contexto del siglo XX y su peculiaridad frente a las otras tradiciones relevantes en dicho siglo, partiendo de la transformación que la hermenéutica experimenta a partir de Schleiermacher. Considera también la transformación que acontece en Heidegger y Gadamer. En el caso de este último autor estudia el mundo del texto y su peculiaridad, la noción de texto y los conceptos de tradición, conciencia histórica, historia de los efectos y aplicación. Analiza el planteamiento (...) de Derrida y su teoría de la diferencia, pasando luego a estudiar el planteamiento que hace Ricoeur de la hermenéutica como hermenéutica de símbolos, de textos y narrativa. En el último punto se analiza el planteamiento de Vattimo en la línea del nihilismo; y cómo esta tradición desemboca en la ética como centro. (shrink)

El presente trabajo investiga las tesis sobre el poder civil de Alonso de la Veracruz que buscan incorporar en la comunidad política española a los habitantes autóctonos del Nuevo Mundo, tesis que suelen relacionarse con F. de Vitoria y el tomismo español, y que últimamente son consideradas parte del republicanismo novohispano elaborado desde la periferia americana. Se busca demostrar que su propósito era aplicar una teoría de derechos naturales, sin que ello implique participación política de los indios americanos. Se analiza (...) la postura del fraile frente a la diversidad cultural y la guerra contra los indios. The paper explores Alonso de la Veracruz's theses on civil power, which sought to integrate the native inhabitants of the New World into the Spanish political community. These theses, which have usually been associated with F. de Vitoria and Spanish Thomism, have recently come to be considered part of a Novohispanic republicanism developed in the American periphery. The article seeks to show that the purpose of such theses was to apply a theory of natural rights that did not entail the political participation of the indigenous population, as well as to analyze Veracruz's position regarding cultural diversity and the war against the indigenous peoples. (shrink)

In this position paper, we have used Alan Cooper’s persona technique to illustrate the utility of audio- and video-based AAL technologies. Therefore, two primary examples of potential audio- and video-based AAL users, Anna and Irakli, serve as reference points for describing salient ethical, legal and social challenges related to use of AAL. These challenges are presented on three levels: individual, societal, and regulatory. For each challenge, a set of policy recommendations is suggested.

Ambient assisted living technologies are increasingly presented and sold as essential smart additions to daily life and home environments that will radically transform the healthcare and wellness markets of the future. An ethical approach and a thorough understanding of all ethics in surveillance/monitoring architectures are therefore pressing. AAL poses many ethical challenges raising questions that will affect immediate acceptance and long-term usage. Furthermore, ethical issues emerge from social inequalities and their potential exacerbation by AAL, accentuating the existing access gap between (...) high-income countries and low and middle-income countries. Legal aspects mainly refer to the adherence to existing legal frameworks and cover issues related to product safety, data protection, cybersecurity, intellectual property, and access to data by public, private, and government bodies. Successful privacy-friendly AAL applications are needed, as the pressure to bring Internet of Things devices and ones equipped with artificial intelligence quickly to market cannot overlook the fact that the environments in which AAL will operate are mostly private. The social issues focus on the impact of AAL technologies before and after their adoption. Future AAL technologies need to consider all aspects of equality such as gender, race, age and social disadvantages and avoid increasing loneliness and isolation among, e.g. older and frail people. Finally, the current power asymmetries between the target and general populations should not be underestimated nor should the discrepant needs and motivations of the target group and those developing and deploying AAL systems. Whilst AAL technologies provide promising solutions for the health and social care challenges, they are not exempt from ethical, legal and social issues. A set of ELSI guidelines is needed to integrate these factors at the research and development stage. (shrink)

El estudio estético de las situaciones cotidianas es, fundamentalmente, el lugar de convergencia de modalidades dramáticas y registros retóricos que dan cuenta de los diversos factores que intervienen en los procesos de significación y comunicación. En este sentido, y a partir de la novela El crimen del siglo, de Miguel Torres, el artículo aquí propuesto tiene como fin presentar el análisis de una discusión entre Juan Roa Sierra, quien aparentemente es el asesino de Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, y su exmujer. (...) Al respecto, Katya Mandoki propone un método de análisis en sus libros sobre Prosaica, en los que tiene en cuenta los registros retóricos: acústico, somático, escópico y léxico, dentro de las modalidades dramáticas: proxémica, cinética, enfática y fluxión. Esta propuesta será la base para el análisis de la discusión de los exmaridos, comprendida como una situación común y cotidiana. Este artículo da cuenta, en últimas, de las posibles causas que llevaron a Juan Roa Sierra a actuar de la manera en que lo hizo e intenta explicar cómo cobran sentido, en medio de la contienda, los registros retóricos y las modalidades dramáticas. (shrink)

The use of technologies like artificial intelligence can drive productivity growth, efficiency and innovation. The goal of this study is to develop an anomaly detection method for locating flaws on the surface of sandwich panels using YOLOv5. The proposed algorithm extracts information locally from an image through a prediction system that creates bounding boxes and determines whether the sandwich panel surface contains flaws. It attempts to reject or accept a product based on quality levels specified in the standard. To evaluate (...) the proposed method, a comparison was made with a sandwich panel damage detection method based on a convolutional neural network and methods based on thresholding. The findings show that the proposed method, which is based on an object detector, is more accurate than the alternatives. The characteristics of the model, which can reject or accept a product according to the standard and limit allowable manufacturing flaws to obtain a quality product, also enable this system to improve industrial standards for producing sandwich panels while increasing speed. (shrink)

Literature on attitude similarity suggests that sharing similar attitudes enhances interpersonal liking, but it remains unanswered whether this effect also holds for ambivalent attitudes. In the present research, we shed light on the role attitudinal ambivalence plays in interpersonal liking. Specifically, we examine whether people express ambivalence strategically to generate a positive or negative social image, and whether this is dependent on the attitudinal ambivalence of their perceiver. We test two alternative hypotheses. In line with the attitude-similarity effect, people should (...) express ambivalence towards ambivalent others to enhance interpersonal liking, as sharing ambivalence might socially validate the latter’s experience of attitudinal conflict. On the other hand, people might express more univalence, as ambivalence may drive ambivalent others towards the resolution of their attitudinal conflict and univalent stances could help to achieve that goal. In two studies (N = 449, 149), people expressed similar attitudes to those of their perceivers, even when the latter experienced attitudinal conflict (Study 1 and 2). Moreover, they composed an essay, the message of which validated their perceiver’s attitudinal conflict (Study 2). In line with these results, we further observe that the more people experienced their ambivalence as conflicting, the more they liked others who similarly experienced attitudinal conflict (Study 1). These findings suggest that the expression of ambivalence can have important interpersonal functions, as it might lead to an enhanced social image when interacting with those coping with attitudinal conflict. (shrink)

El presente artículo argumenta que hay un desarrollo en la postura de Platón frente a la geometría. A partir del primer contacto con la geometría, Platón se sintió atraído hacia la geometría por sus sorprendentes resultados. Por tal motivo, en un primer momento, Platón presenta en el Menón y en el Teeteto a la geometría como una ciencia ejemplar y le pide a los interlocutores que imiten sus procesos. En un segundo momento, Platón en la República incluye a la geometría (...) dentro de la filosofía, hace que el método de la geometría fundamente a su máxima ciencia dialéctica, incluye a los entes geométricos dentro del edificio ontológico, y a la ciencia geométrica dentro de las disciplinas que el rey-filosofo debe estudiar para ascender a las ideas. En un tercer momento, en el Timeo, la geometría es la ciencia básica que utiliza el Demiurgo para componer al universo. (shrink)

Relativistic geometrical action for a quantum particle in the superspace is analyzed from theoretical group point of view. To this end an alternative technique of quantization outlined by the authors in a previous work and that is based in the correct interpretation of the square root Hamiltonian, is used. The obtained spectrum of physical states and the Fock construction consist of Squeezed States which correspond to the representations with the lowest weights $\lambda=\frac{1}{4}$ and $\lambda=\frac{3}{4}$ with four possible (non-trivial) fractional representations (...) for the group decomposition of the spin structure. From the theory of semigroups the analytical representation of the radical operator in the superspace is constructed, the conserved currents are computed and a new relativistic wave equation is proposed and explicitly solved for the time-dependent case. The relation with the Relativistic Schrödinger equation and the Time-dependent Harmonic Oscillator is analyzed and discussed. (shrink)

Relativistic geometrical action for a quantum particle in the superspace is analyzed from theoretical group point of view. To this end an alternative technique of quantization outlined by the authors in a previous work and, that is, based in the correct interpretation of the square root Hamiltonian, is used. The obtained spectrum of physical states and the Fock construction consist of Squeezed States which correspond to the representations with the lowest weights \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} (...) \begin{document}$${\lambda=\frac{1}{4}}$$\end{document} and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\frac{3}{4}}$$\end{document} with four possible fractional representations for the group decomposition of the spin structure. From the theory of semi-groups the analytical representation of the radical operator in the superspace is constructed, the conserved currents are computed and a new relativistic wave equation is proposed and explicitly solved for the time dependent case. The relation with the Relativistic Schrödinger equation and the Time-dependent Harmonic Oscillator is analyzed and discussed. (shrink)