Nietzsche é considerado figura de vital importância na crítica a certa “inflação do sentido” verificada no pensamento ocidental, tanto no que diz respeito à tradição filosófica quanto no que concerne ao Cristianismo. Esse caráter tirânico do sentido fortaleceu sua crítica que, em geral, conclui que todo sentido deriva do fenômeno, que é a representação subjetiva e interpretativa do mundo. Mesmo que não tenha sido a intenção de Nietzsche, suas reflexões ensejaram novos parâmetros para a compreensão da religião em bases não (...) metafísicas. Por outro lado, temos o escritor Jorge Luis Borges, que parece aquiescer à crítica nietzschiana da assimetria entre mundo e linguagem. O escritor argentino relativiza a relação direta entre linguagem e mundo, o que coloca os limites da metáfora em um lugar de importância significativa. Além de uma aproximação criativa entre o filósofo alemão e o escritor argentino, destacamos a percepção borgeana da realocação de conteúdos metafísicos envelhecidos para o universo ficcional e criativo da literatura fantástica. Nesse sentido, a partir das teorias da linguagem, devedoras que são dessa tradição que remonta a Nietzsche, o presente artigo propõe uma compreensão da religião a partir do conto A Escrita do Deus, de Borges. (shrink)

The article proposes to discuss the categories of "purity" and "impurity" as tools for structuring reality and constructing identities in the context of Enochic Judaism in the Second Temple period. Investigate them, in a special way, from the Myth of the Watchers narrated in the Book of the Watchers, which composes the apocalyptic literature of 1 Enoch. Both the homogeneity verified in the lineage guaranteed the purity of the race and, consequently, the establishment of the identity, as well as the (...) cosmic subversion, resulting from displacements of pre-established places, structured the notion of impurity. The article presents Enochic Judaism based on research that took place after the 1980s. Enochic Literature is the literary space from which we are led to discussion around the pure and impure as categories of understanding of reality in the perspective of this movement. The article uses the researches of the anthropologist Mary Douglas, to propose an analysis of the Myth of the Watchers and their readings. The article assumes that, in a sense, the plurality perceived in the Second Temple period establishes possibilities of thinking the faith in the history of the Jewish tradition. This apocalyptic movement has influenced other religious movements, among them, the Early Christianity, which is why some religious experiences, whose roots are in the Judeo-Christian tradition, can be better evaluated. (shrink)

He points to an infinite, personal God whom we can come to know intimately. This book will deal with the philosophic necessity of God's being there and not being silent, in the areas of metaphysics, morals, and epistemology.

Immanuel Kant, in a much-maligned view, thought that we could only have indirect duties to nonhuman animals who have no inherent moral value since they lack rationality. While there are various responses to this worrisome position, no one seems to consider that animals could conceivably qualify as having rationality, even on Kantian high standards. Animals engage in various activities that could be taken as indicators of the core aspects of rationality that Kant requires for having absolute worth. While these animal (...) behaviors will not prove that animals are rational, we must remember that we also cannot prove that other humans are rational. Instead, my goal is only to provide a basis for a precautionary moral principle that requires treating animals as minimally rational, given that they might be. On this basis, we ought to accept some direct Kantian duties for the respectful treatment of animals. (shrink)

I analyze the deimopolitical functioning of cisgender-straight-bolsonarist masculinity as a norm of recognition characterized not only by the fear of penetrating the anus, but essentially marked by the fear of having an anus. I seek to analyze the production of fear of the existence of the anus as an intrinsic element in the fabrication of supposed social threats in cisgender-straight-bolsonarism. Through a topographic metaphorization that locates/means the excluded as the anus of the social, the “enemy” appears as a mark of (...) the anal memory, reminding that the anus exists. If it exists, it can be penetrated. In this way, the existence of the anus organizes the differential distribution of humanity in this regime, as the minimum condition of being a human being is that of being a man, that is, not having an anus. This condition is reaffirmed by other markers of absence: not having a vagina, not having black skin, not belonging to ethnic and religious minorities... Cisgender-straight-bolsonarism behaves like an anatomical engineering in which the anus works as a catalyst for a masculinist reaction. The dermal tube is then reformatted in this regime. With this, I try to show that the fear of the existence of the anus is a central element of subjective enunciation and fascist recognition in this community. (shrink)

While virtually everyone recognizes the moral permissibility of whistleblowing under certain circumstances, most theorists offer relatively conservative accounts of when it is allowed, and are reluctant to offer a full recommendation of the practice as an important tool towards addressing ethical failures in the workplace. We think that accounts such as these tend to overestimate the importance of professional or personal obligations, and underestimate the moral obligation to shine light on severe professional malfeasance. Of course, a whistleblower, even an anonymous (...) one, often faces serious threats of retaliation and harm to their professional livelihoods and well-being. To address these challenges we argue in favor of a practice that we will call Preemptive Anonymous Whistleblowing (PAW). Such whistleblowing is preemptive in that a whistleblower provides information about malfeasance to a party in a position to do something about it without first raising the worry to one’s immediate superiors. At first blush, such preemption may seem unsettling, and PAW admittedly raises a number of worrisome issues. We defend PAW, however, as part of a larger argument that whistleblowing is morally required more often than is commonly thought. The availability of PAW as an option provides a method for allaying the concern that whistleblowing can be overly burdensome due to the risks of job and career. Insofar as that concern can be allayed, it is feasible for there to be substantial moral requirements to engage in whistleblowing in cases where severe harms can be prevented. With high enough stakes, there is a moral requirement for whistleblowing. (shrink)

ATIVIDADE CURRICULAR EM COMUNIDADE E SOCIEDADE E OS POVOS TRADICIONAIS: EXPERIÊNCIA DE CAMPO DO CURSO DE DIREITO DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA.

BIOGRAFIAS NÃO AUTORIZADAS: UMA DISCUSSÃO INÓCUA NO BRASIL?

Reflexões sobre Professoralidade, Profissionalização, Profissionalidade, Profissionalismo e sua relação com o Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente Resumo: Várias são as categorias teóricas que guardam relação com o tema desenvolvimento profissional docente. Professoralidade, profissionalização, profissionalismo são algumas delas, mas geralmente não aparecem conjuntamente nem em relação do DPD. Por isto, este trabalho visa a analisar estes conceitos em relação ao DPD. A investigação foi desenvolvida a partir de metodologia baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica. Os argumentos evidenciaram que o DPD, na atualidade, perpassa questões da (...) professoralidade, da profissionalização, da profissionalidade e do profissionalismo, mesmo que em intensidades diferentes. Profissionalidade e professoralidade são aqueles que mais dizem respeito a uma estreita vinculação com o desenvolvimento profissional docente por se relacionarem de forma imbricada sem que se possa separar um do outro, ao passo que no profissionalismo e na profissionalização não existe uma relação de complementariedade ou espontânea, mas sem dúvida ambos os lados da relação podem se beneficiar um do outro.Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento Profissional Docente, Professoralidade, Profissionalização, Profissionalidade, Profissionalismo. Reflections on professorality, professionalization, professionality, professionalism and its relationship with the teacher professional development: There are several theoretical categories that are related to the theme of teacher professional development. Professionality, professionalism, professorship, professionalization are some of them, but generally do not appear together in relation to the TPD. For this reason, this work aims to analyze these concepts in relation to the TPD. The investigation was developed based on a bibliographic research methodology. The arguments showed that the TPD, at present, runs through issues of teaching, professionalism, professionalism and professionalization, even if at different intensities. Professorship and professionality are those that most relate to a close link with the professional development of teachers because they relate in an interconnected way without being able to separate from each other, whereas in professionalism and professionalization there is no complementary or spontaneous relationship, but no doubt both sides of the relationship can benefit from each other.Keywords: Teacher Professional Development, Professorship, Professionalization, Professionality, Professionalism. Reflexiones sobre Profesoralidad, profesionalización, profesionalidad, profesionalismo y su relación con el desarrollo profesional de los docentes. Resumen: Existen varias categorías teóricas relacionadas con el tema del desarrollo profesional docente. Profesoralidad, profesionalización, profesionalidad, profesionalismo son algunos de ellos, pero generalmente no aparecen juntos o en relación con el DPD. Por esta razón, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar estos conceptos en relación con el DPD. La investigación se desarrolló en base a una metodología basada en la investigación bibliográfica. Los argumentos mostraron que el DPD, en la actualidad, atraviesa problemas de enseñanza, profesionalización, profesionalismo y profesionalismo, incluso a diferentes intensidades. La profesionalidad y la enseñanza son las que más se relacionan con un vínculo cercano con el desarrollo profesional de los docentes porque se relacionan de manera interconectada sin poder separarse entre sí, mientras que en el profesionalismo y la profesionalización no existe una relación complementaria o espontánea. Pero sin duda ambos lados de la relación pueden beneficiarse el uno del otro.Palabras clave: Desarrollo profesional docente, profesoralidad, profesionalización, profesionalidad, profesionalismo. Data de registro: 04/02/2020Data de aceite: 28/08/2020. (shrink)

La siempre fascínate escritura rulfiana continúa dialogando con el mundo. El así conocido “escritor de las letras mexicanas”, nos sigue ofreciendo un mar de posibilidades de acercamiento a otras áreas humanísticas entre las cuáles incluimos a la filosofía. Coincidentes en la época y en la geografía mexicana, Juan Rulfo y María Zambrano se encontraron en 1939. Exponentes ejemplares y creadores de nuevos caminos en la escritura literaria y filosófica, los exponemos como paralelos a través de dos piezas claves de sus (...) obras: Pedro Páramo y Los sueños y el tiempo. La antropología zambraniana viene propuesta como uno de estos senderos creativos y creadores de la búsqueda del propio ser y del sentido mismo del existir. Dicho pronunciamiento antropológico lo exponemos como perspectiva de lectura del viaje no sólo de Juan preciado, ansioso buscador de su padre, sino de todos los lectores de Rulfo que hemos tejido con sus letras —extractoras de sueños y productoras de anhelos— la frágil cuerda que sostiene la aventura del descubrir nuestro lugar en el oscuro pozo del mundo. Realismo mágico y Razón poética en armonía propositiva que revela el origen de ambos proveniente de la misma semilla del ser. Rulfo y Zambrano nos enseñan que hay encuentros más profundos y reales que aquellos sólo históricos. (shrink)

O presente artigo traz reflexões que envolvem infância e experiência a partir da área da educação e, particularmente, das ponderações em torno das pesquisas com crianças pequenas e da educação infantil. Os apontamentos impõem limites relativos a este lugar de estudo e delimita estes como parte de uma crítica e autocrítica da educação e das possibilidades de consolidação de uma Pedagogia da Infância. Nesta direção, no artigo se toma para esta reflexão a análise do sentido da experiência para as principais (...) teorias educacionais ou projetos educativos para a educação na infância, a fim de levar a uma demarcação dos contornos da experiência educativa na/da infância institucionalizada. Para tal, apresenta alguns elementos relativos à experiência educativa como experiência social a partir de estudos empíricos que dão visibilidade às ações das crianças como parte de suas vidas nos coletivos infantis. Por fim, indica como desafios para a possível consolidação de uma Pedagogia da Infância uma aproximação da Pedagogia às manifestações infantis, a criança em situação e as possibilidades de os processos educativos se pautarem na escuta, na dialogicidade e nas relações, possibilitando incluir, nas práticas educativas, as significações produzidas pelas próprias crianças em seus contextos de vida e suas manifestações culturais e expressivas. (shrink)

This work presents a post-positivist research framework for explaining any surprising or anomalous fact in the evolutionary path of a complex, dynamic, and contingent social process. Firstly, it elaborates on the reconciliation betweenthe ontological and epistemological assumptions of Critical Realism with the principles of American Pragmatism. Next, the research method is presented: theoretical propositions about a social structure are translated into a set of grammar rules that acknowledge patterns of sequences of events, either involving individual action or interaction between actors (...) within a real social system. The result is a discrete mathematical model for a concrete category of social process based on these rules. Finally, data-grounded refinement of the theory is possible through comparison between cases belonging to the same category, but differing in some contingent pattern of sequences of event outcomes. Consequently, their grammars differ in some pairs of context-sensitive rules that explain this surprising fact, and the derivation of this alternative historical trajectory of event outcomes becomes an extension to the early category of social process. In this sense, the proposed framework suggests a hierarchy of classes of grammars for middle-range explanations based on the ontological assumption of the generative nature of social reality. (shrink)

Some business schools have come under considerable criticism for what observers see as their complicit involvement in the corporate scandals and financial crises of the last 15 years. Much of the discussion about changes that schools might undertake has been focused on curriculum issues. However, revisiting the curriculum does not get at the root cause of the problem. Instead, it might create a new challenge: the risk of decoupling the discussion of the curriculum from broader issues of institutional purpose. In (...) this article, we argue that the most pressing need facing business schools is not to teach new courses to be responsive to social demands and stay relevant. Instead, it is to revisit their basic mission—the principles and beliefs on which they were founded—and then to re-evaluate their curriculum design choices in this light. We contrast the Spartan and Athenian educational paradigms as a way of shedding light on the nature of a coherent response. (shrink)

O presente artigo aborda a importância de uma educação como prática da liberdade contra o racismo, através de pesquisa bibliográfica. A partir disso, dividiremos o trabalho em três partes: num primeiro momento traremos o diagnóstico do avanço do neoliberalismo, responsável pela precarização da escola e do trabalho docente, que tende a enfraquecer os mecanismos de proteção às minorias. Em seguida, abordaremos o racismo, como uma construção social baseada na ideia de raça, que a partir da racialização produz lugares sociais de (...) submissão e tende a se agravar com o esvaziamento da educação, que torna as instituições voltadas a interesses unicamente econômicos. Por fim, a partir de bell hooks, argumentamos que uma educação como prática da liberdade, baseada em uma pedagogia engajada auxilia na dissolução do racismo. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as implicações críticas da imunização biopolítica da vida humana a partir das reflexões de Roberto Esposito, problematizando a seguinte questão: em tempos de pandemia viral e, consequentemente, de Estados emergenciais, de que maneira o paradigma imunitário atua sobre a vida humana? A hipótese que gostaríamos de desenvolver parte do relevo de que, em crises agudas, o paradigma imunitário é tensionado ao seu limite, convergindo para a produção de Estados de emergência segundo os quais (...) são responsáveis por introduzir políticas nefastas de produção tanto da vida quanto da morte. Para validar nossa hipótese e desenvolver o objetivo e a problemática da pesquisa, o presente texto se organiza em dois momentos: primeiramente, nosso intuito consiste em apresentar brevemente a reflexão de Esposito acerca do paradigma imunitário; em seguida, temos como fito analisar criticamente o estado de pandemia viral à luz do paradigma imunitário, buscando encontrar vestígios de como tal ferramenta conceitual nos permite desenvolver uma interpretação para o tempo presente. (shrink)

The text delivers a twofold analysis of negationism. On the one hand, it is taken as an ideological phenomenon characterized by a critique of modernity construed from the outside of its customary assumptions. On the other hand, an objective sort of negationism is found in the historical unfolding of the intrinsic limitations of modern socialization. These are brought forward by attention to the class content of the class character of the institutions regularly evoked by the apologetics of modernity – civil (...) society, science, the State. Progressivism, we suggest, the main target of negationism, is the tradition occupied with that apologetics, either promoting an intellectual critique of, or simply overlooking, the afore-mentioned class character, which, however, becomes historically undeniable to the common people, consistently victimized by it throughout modern history. In this sense, the modern social process is characterized as civil war. (shrink)

Neste trabalho nos ocupamos centralmente em compreender a proposta ética de Hans Jonas e como ele apresenta o Princípio Responsabilidade como uma categoria ética a ser norteadora das ações humanas. Apresentamos um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da Filosofia da Tecnologia enquanto uma disciplina filosófica específica e, então, discutimos as principais considerações de Jonas sobre a necessidade de uma ética inteiramente nova que tome a técnica como objeto e a proposta que este apresente de uma ética do futuro pautada na responsabi (...) lidade enquanto princípio. (shrink)

Ong and Derrida are concerned with presence—for Ong the presence of the other; for Derrida the presence of the signified. These seemingly disparate epistemological meanings of ‘presence’ actually share some striking similarities, but differ about how reason should be figured, that is, what metaphors should be used to conceptualize reason. This disagreement is fundamentally about what Ong called ‘analogues for intellect.’ After describing the history of Ong's and Derrida's concept of presence, we indicate how the ethical and religious implications Ong (...) and Derrida draw from ‘presence’ proceed logically from the analogues for intellect that each assumes. We will conclude, first, that these implications reveal a conflict of traditions—philosophy and rhetoric—but we also indicate how Ong's own rhetoric may permit dialogue between traditions. (shrink)

John D. Schaeffer shows how the seventeenth-century Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico synthesized Greek and Roman ideas of what "sensus communis" and what ...

The work of nursing involves both treatment orientated action and care orientated action, but there exists a ‘treatment–care’ dichotomy that is structured by social factors and views of knowledge that privilege scientific, instrumental rationality. It is a claim of this paper that there is a need to establish connections between ‘treatment’ and ‘care’. The study of work processes in the healthcare field make it possible for nursing to recognize the technical and social separation of work, the separation between manual and (...) intellectual work, the dominance of medicine among healthcare professionals, and other relations of power within institutions. The authors believe that Habermas' theory of communicative action offers an alternative view, one suitable for transforming healthcare practices and helping nurses build new responses to healthcare needs. (shrink)

Truth is no longer based on reason What we feel is now the truest reality Yet despite our obsession with the emotive and the experiential we still face anxiety despair and purposelessness Tracing trends in twentieth century thought Francis ...

RESUMO Este artigo pretende traçar as possibilidades de aproximação entre ambos os filósofos por meio do prisma do espaço, do mundo, da terra, do habitar e da casa. Para isso, foram utilizadas, principalmente, leituras que permeiam o segundo Heidegger, nas obras entre 1936 e 1969, e as obras de Bachelard mais ligadas a terra e ao espaço, entre 1933 e 1948. Desse modo, após várias reflexões sobre as semelhanças e dessemelhanças de ambos os filósofos, foi possível encontrar os pontos de (...) divergência e convergência, estes últimos acabam superando os primeiros nos entre-espaços possíveis, sobretudo, nas visões da arte, mas não tanto da linguagem que cada um utilizou. Por isso, são desafiadoras e instigantes as rupturas causadas na possibilidade de continuidade dessas tendências filosóficas. ABSTRACT The article aims at exploring the possibilities of establishing connections between Heidegger and Bachelard from the perspective of space, world, dwelling, and house. We used works written by Heidegger between 1936 and 1939, after the "second" period, and those written by Bachelard between 1933 and 1948, which deal more with earth and space. Reflection on the similarities and differences between the philosophers makes it possible to find points of divergence and convergence. The latter are greater than the former in the possible in-between spaces, mainly regarding the views on art, but not that many with respect to the language used by each one. For this reason, the breaks in the possible continuity of these philosophic views are challenging and encourage further reflection. (shrink)

One of Descartes’ greatest contributions to modern thought lies in his dualistic conception of mind and body. While the physical body in Descartes assumes a passive role in the ontological structure of reality, subject to mechanistic laws, the mind in Descartes, on the other hand, assumes an active role, as an organizing axis and producer of values and ideas, exercising a rational dominion over reality. physical reality. This dualistic Cartesian conception would generate important effects on the problem of mind-body interaction, (...) becoming the central theme debated by contemporary philosophy of mind. Contemporary theories of philosophy of mind seek to overcome this dualism, through neuroscience and cognitive psychology. These theories attempt to apply the reductionist scientific model to human mental phenomena and processes, describing them in non-mental, physical, and empirical terms. However, the reductionist project of these contemporary theories has not yet proved successful in explaining unobservable phenomena of the mind, such as consciousness, will and human subjectivity. (shrink)