I analyze the deimopolitical functioning of cisgender-straight-bolsonarist masculinity as a norm of recognition characterized not only by the fear of penetrating the anus, but essentially marked by the fear of having an anus. I seek to analyze the production of fear of the existence of the anus as an intrinsic element in the fabrication of supposed social threats in cisgender-straight-bolsonarism. Through a topographic metaphorization that locates/means the excluded as the anus of the social, the “enemy” appears as a mark of (...) the anal memory, reminding that the anus exists. If it exists, it can be penetrated. In this way, the existence of the anus organizes the differential distribution of humanity in this regime, as the minimum condition of being a human being is that of being a man, that is, not having an anus. This condition is reaffirmed by other markers of absence: not having a vagina, not having black skin, not belonging to ethnic and religious minorities... Cisgender-straight-bolsonarism behaves like an anatomical engineering in which the anus works as a catalyst for a masculinist reaction. The dermal tube is then reformatted in this regime. With this, I try to show that the fear of the existence of the anus is a central element of subjective enunciation and fascist recognition in this community. (shrink)

A VISÃO FILOSÓFICA DA GNOSE DE SAMPAIO BRUNO, O MAIS IMPORTANTE MÍSTICO GNÓSTICO PORTUGUÊS DOS TEMPOS MODERNOS Autor da concepção gnóstica mais reflectida, mais coerente e mais abrangente sob o ponto de vista filosófico e metafísico-teológico, Sampaio Bruno será nos tempos modernos o mais representativo e importante místico gnóstico português Procurando fundamentar a proposta de uma religião esotérica universal, Sampaio Bruno realiza a ideia de uma nova concepção da gnose em detrimento da velha gnose, que é essencialmente consubstanciada pelo judaísmo (...) místico da cabala e iluminada por uma matricialidade pagã de raiz perso-caldaica UMA OBRA QUE DÁ UM CONTRIBUTO FUNDAMENTAL PARA A IDENTIFICAÇÃO E EXPLICAÇÃO DAS PRINCIPAIS PERSPECTIVAS, MANIFESTAÇÕES E REFERÊNCIAS DA CONCEPÇÃO GNÓSTICA DE SAMPAIO BRUNO. (shrink)

Several countries maintain universal health coverage, which implies responsibility to organize delivery formats of healthcare services and products for citizens. In Brazil, the health system has a principle of universal access for more than 30 years, but many deficiencies remain and the country observes a day practice for those seeking judicial decisions to determine provision of healthcare.

Nothing is more obvious than the fact that we are able to experience events in the world such a ball deflecting from the cross-bar of a goal. But what is the temporal relation between these two things, the event, and our experience of the event? One possibility is that the world progresses temporally through a sequence of instantaneous states – the striker’s foot in contact with the ball, then the ball between the striker and the goal, then the ball in (...) contact with the cross-bar, and so forth –, while the perceiver’s experience is likewise a sequence of experience states, each one of which corresponds to, or is experience of, a corresponding state of the world – for example, a perception of the foot in contact with the ball, followed by a perception of the ball in the air, following by a perception of the ball in contact with the cross-bar. This way of understanding the relationship between experience and the world is very natural, and nearly universal. However, it rests on two assumptions that can be brought into question. (shrink)

This schedule, provided as a companion to my “Teaching Firefly” article, was used for a sophomore level philosophy course that was populated mostly by non-majors. The original idea for the course was to develop a popular culture philosophy course that would attract students from all over campus, which was meant to both introduce them to multiple philosophical ideas and theories and hopefully convince some of them to major or minor in philosophy. The course was quite successful at drawing Whedon fans (...) from across the university (after a certain amount of advertising through posters and social media). Students were very engaged with both discussions of episodes and the readings. (shrink)

The purpose of this volume is to remedy this neglect, to explain Thoreau's philosophical significance, and to argue that we can still learn from his polemical conception of philosophy.

BIOGRAFIAS NÃO AUTORIZADAS: UMA DISCUSSÃO INÓCUA NO BRASIL?

This brief commentary has three goals. The first is to argue that ‘‘framework debate’’ in cognitive science is unresolvable. The idea that one theory or framework can singly account for the vast complexity and variety of cognitive processes seems unlikely if not impossible. The second goal is a consequence of this: We should consider how the various theories on offer work together in diverse contexts of investigation. A final goal is to supply a brief review for readers who are compelled (...) by these points to explore existing literature on the topic. Despite this literature, pluralism has garnered very little attention from broader cognitive science. We end by briefly considering what it might mean for theoretical cognitive science. (shrink)

We explored the influence of negation on cognitive dynamics, measured using mouse‐movement trajectories, to test the classic notion that negation acts as an operator on linguistic processing. In three experiments, participants verified the truth or falsity of simple statements, and we tracked the computer‐mouse trajectories of their responses. Sentences expressing these facts sometimes contained a negation. Such negated statements could be true (e.g., “elephants are not small”) or false (e.g., “elephants are not large”). In the first experiment, as predicted by (...) the classic notion of negation, we found that negation caused more discreteness in the mouse trajectory of a response. The second experiment induced a simple context for these statements, yet negation still increased discreteness in trajectories. A third experiment enhanced the pragmatic context of sentences, and the discreteness was substantially diminished, with one primary measure no longer significantly showing increased discreteness at all. Traditional linguistic theories predict rapid shifts in cognitive dynamics occur due to the nature of negation: It is an operator that reverses the truth or falsity of an interpretation. We argue that these results support both propositional and contextual accounts of negation present in the literature, suggesting that contextual factors are crucial for determining the kind of cognitive dynamics displayed. We conclude by drawing broader lessons about theories of cognition from the case of negation. (shrink)

The Laws is the longest and, according to tra-dition, the last of Plato’s dialogues. It was left ‘in the wax’ at the time of Plato’s death and brought into publication by Philip of Opus (D. L. 3.37). Whether Philip had a hand in editing the work or whether he merely tran-scribed it is uncertain (for one recent account, see Nails and Thesleff 2003). The most recent analyses of its style indicate significant affini-ties with the Sophist, Politicus and Philebus, though there (...) are stark differences in places. These, however, might be explained in vari-ous ways, and there has never been any ques-tion that the Lg. substantially contains the thought of Plato. If we set special problems of composition aside, including admittedly serious questions about the overall coher-ence of the dialogue, then the chief difficul-ties remaining for an interpreter of the Lg. include (a) its dramatic date and structure, (b) its relation to other political dialogues of Plato, especially the Republic and the Plt. and (c) the extensive discussion of cosmology and theology in L. bk 10. (shrink)

The classical tradition of testimony in topics -- Three medieval traditions : Augustine, Boethius, and Cassiodoras -- Two renaissance traditions : Ciceronian and Augustinian -- The long influence of the port-royal logic -- Appreciating Aristotle : Thomists, Scots, and Oxford noetics -- Testimony becomes experience : the rise of critical thinking.

Through theoretical discussion, literature review, and a computational model, this paper poses a challenge to the notion that perspective-taking involves a fixed architecture in which particular processes have priority. For example, considerable work has shown that egocentric perspectives can arise more quickly, with other perspectives (such as of task partners) emerging only secondarily. This theoretical dichotomy is challenged here, and we propose a general view of perspective-taking as an emergent phenomenon governed by the interplay among several cognitive mechanisms. We first (...) describe the pervasive relevance of perspective-taking to cognitive science. A dynamical systems model is then introduced which explicitly formulates the timescale interaction proposed. Implications are discussed, with ideas for future empirical research. (shrink)

Using the Godel incompleteness result for leverage, Roger Penrose has argued that the mechanism for consciousness involves quantum gravitational phenomena, acting through microtubules in neurons. We show that this hypothesis is implausible. First the Godel result does not imply that human thought is in fact non-algorithmic. Second, whether or not non-algorithmic quantum gravitational phenomena actually exist, and if they did how that could conceivably implicate microtubules, and if microtubules were involved, how that could conceivably implicate consciousness, is entirely speculative. Third, (...) cytoplasmic ions such as calcium and sodium are almost certainly present in the microtubule pore, barring the quantum-mechanical effects Penrose envisages. Finally, physiological evidence indicates that consciousness does not directly depend on microtubule properties in any case, rendering doubtful any theory according to which consciousness is generated in the microtubules. (shrink)

A discussão por mudanças na educação brasileira é tema recorrente desde a “descoberta” do Brasil. Com o advento da pandemia do novo Coronavírus, percebeu-se, por exemplo, a intensificação da tentativa de regulamentar o homeschooling no Brasil como um modal educacional, justificando, assim, a necessidade de discussão a respeito de uma propositiva de educação escolar domiciliar. Nesse viés, o presente estudo teve por objetivo compreender os elementos constitutivos do homeschooling no Brasil. Com base em pressupostos críticos e fazendo uso de estudo (...) bibliográfico e análise documental, o corpus teórico utilizado foi de Lubienski (2007), Roldão (2007), Saviani (2003; 2008), entre outros, tendo como referência o levantamento nas bases de dados ANPEd, CAPES e BDTD. Como recorte temporal no período 2019-2021, concluiu-se que o ensino domiciliar seria um retrocesso para a educação brasileira, aumentando a desigualdade social outrora existente, além de acarretar perdas irreparáveis para os estudantes. (shrink)

Groundhog Day (Harold Ramis, 1993) and Only Lovers Left Alive (Jim Jarmusch, 2013) are fantasy films that use the device of practical immortality in order to raise important philosophical questions about what constitutes a good life and to explore the nature of romantic love. Groundhog Day provides fairly conventional answers about how to live a good life by focusing on issues of spiritual redemption, selflessness, and developing one’s human potential. In contrast, Lovers provides a dark portrayal of a civilization on (...) the brink of extinction but offers a glimmer of hope for the future. The lifestyle and values of married vampires Adam and Eve represent an alternative vision of the core values needed to sustain a better world: greater reliance on human imagination, maintaining a sense of wonder and curiosity about the world, creating and appreciating works of art and living in harmony with the natural world. Both films also offer a perspective on the importance of romantic love in living a good life. Although these perspectives often diverge from one another, they do overlap in some interesting ways. The style of film criticism used in this paper is inspired by the film philosophy of Stanley Cavell. (shrink)

... there are cases in which on the basis of a temporally extended content of consciousness a unitary apprehension takes place which is spread out over a temporal interval (the so-called specious present). ... That several successive tones yield a melody is possible only in this way, that the succession of psychical processes are united "forthwith" in a common structure.

Learn the tips and tricks used by a top photographer in the digital photography industry in Rick Sammon's Top Digital Photography Secrets. Filled with beautiful photographs and the techniques Rick Sammon used to capture them, this book offers you motivation to capture stunning photographs and the tools and tricks you need to capture them. With more than 100 techniques for use behind the camera, this book will improve the camera skills of both amateur and experienced photographers. Additionally, this (...) book includes a chapter on post-production secrets, and a Rick Sammon DVD Guide lighting, camera, and digital photography basics. In this 1-hour DVD, Rick shows you how to get great photos using a variety of lighting sources, camera-specific techniques, and basic rules of photography. (shrink)

In turn, the volume explains how an understanding of these contract law doctrines can be enhanced by a proper conception of exploitation.

O artigo apresenta uma visão panorâmica dos documentos da Conferência dos Bispos latino-americanos, realizada em Medellín, no ano de 1968. Inicialmente, distingue o Medellín histórico do Medellín simbólico. A seguir, recorda como Assembleia foi bem preparada e se realizou de forma participativa. Então, demonstra a relação de continuidade com o Vaticano II. De outro lado, Medellín não foi uma mera aplicação do Concílio, mas sim uma recepção criativa. No núcleo do artigo, demonstra-se como o método VER-JULGAR-AGIR foi utilizado nos vários (...) documentos de Medellín, alocados em três eixos: promoção humana, evangelização e crescimento da fé, Igreja visível e suas estruturas. Por fim, ele se detém em dois documentos: Pobreza na Igreja e Liturgia. Encerra-se com algumas conclusões abertas, de caráter pastoral. (shrink)

Desde seu início a pedagogia de Paulo Freire se alimenta das suas leituras de base, convergências e conexões com outros pensadores das ciências humanas/sociais e da educação. A partir dos ideais do catolicismo progressista e do nacionalismo-desenvolvimentista das décadas de 1950 e 1960 – presentes em suas obras Educação e atualidade brasileira e Educação como prática da liberdade –, do progressismo marxista – presente de maneira crescente em Pedagogia do oprimido, Ação Cultural para a liberdade e outros escritos, Educação e (...) mudança –, passando pelos “escritos africanos”, entre outros, até seu declarado “pós-modernismo progressista” – presente em Pedagogia da esperança –, muitos pensadores influenciaram Freire, em menor ou maior grau. Se Karl Jaspers, Maritain e Lima Vaz et al., assim como os ideólogos do ISEB e John Dewey, entre outros, marcaram suas ideias expostas inicialmente e até a metade dos anos 1960, Hegel e o marxismo “superestrutural” marcam a continuidade desenvolvida em Pedagogia do oprimido. De lá para cá, esta base foi misturada com as convergências e conexões de ideias que vão de Piaget a Gramsci, chegando às possibilidades de complementos, parcerias, extensões temáticas e reinvenções conceituais. Apesar do legado de Paulo Freire resultar dessas leituras, convergências e conexões, seu pensamento-ação nunca se deixou dominar/enjaular por nenhuma escola ou tendência ideológica. Ao contrário, reconhecendo a necessidade fundante de diálogos teóricos permanentes e tecendo uma obra sequiosa de complementações, construiu um pensamento original e crítico que marcou a pedagogia da segunda metade do século XX e, a nosso ver, demonstra uma prospecção atual vigorosa. Portanto, neste trabalho buscamos compreender as bases e as conexões do pensamento político-pedagógico de Paulo Freire, explicitadas ao longo do seu discurso e colocadas nos seus principais livros publicados no Brasil, percorrendo um itinerário de referências bibliográficas, aproximadamente cronológico, de sua produção escrita. (shrink)

Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo foi expor a relevância das bases teórico-metodológicas da história da educação do tempo presente e desta para a pesquisa histórico-educacional. Partimos dos alicerces da história do tempo presente, destacando alguns conceitos construtores desse campo oriundos de autores como Rémond, Bédarida e Chartier, entre outros. A seguir, trabalhamos os avanços e os desafios enfrentados pelos pesquisadores desse campo. As fontes disponíveis para as pesquisa da história da educação do tempo presente foram destacadas, argumentando que a abundância delas (...) e a proximidade do pesquisador em relação ao tempo da sua ação não facilitam a pesquisa e não diminuem sua necessária rigorosidade. Os alicerces da história do tempo presente, os desafios, os avanços, suas fontes abundantes e sua aplicação rigorosa constroem uma nova epistemologia para a história da educação, marcada pelas incertezas que referenciam a centralidade da problematização na pesquisa histórica. Toda essa argumentação é reforçada pela idéia originária de que a educação, como uma prática social, exige de seus pesquisadores a consecução dos depoimentos orais, das informações e de todos os tipos de documentação oriundas dos sujeitos que a fizeram/fazem. Dans ce travail, nous avons eu pour objectif de montrer et de défendre l’importance de l’histoire de l’éducation du temps présent pour la recherche historico-éducative. Nous avons pris comme point de départ les fondements de l’histoire du temps présent, en soulignant quelques concepts constructeurs de ce champ créés par des auteurs tels que Rémond, Bédarida et Chartier, entre autres. Ensuite, nous avons analysé les avancements et les enjeux affrontés par les chercheurs de ce domaine. Les sources disponibles pour les recherches sur l’histoire de l’éducation du temps présent ont été mises en relief, en considérant le fait que leur abondance et la proximité du chercheur par rapport au moment de son action ne facilitent pas son travail ni en diminuent la rigueur nécessaire. Les fondements de l’histoire du temps présent, les enjeux, les avancements, ses sources abondantes et son application rigoureuse construisent une nouvelle épistémologie pour l’histoire de l’éducation marquée par les incertitudes qui fondent la centralité de la problématisation dans la recherche historique. Toute cette argumentation est renforcée par l’idée originaire selon laquelle l’éducation, en tant que pratique sociale, exige de ses chercheurs la consécution des témoignages oraux, des informations ainsi que de toute sorte de documents provenant des sujets qui l’ont faite/la font. (shrink)

Historians of economic thought have long recognized the possibility that the "science" of economics owes more to cultural influences than we are usually prepare to admit. Econ Art offers the first detailed study of this contradiction, highlighting the cultural and aesthetic influences of surrealism, cubism and abstract art on both economic theory and method in the twentieth century.Arguing that economics has developed more as an art form than as a science, the author looks not only at what economists have produced (...) but how they have produced it, uncovering the cultural preconceptions which have shaped economic theory and method in the last one hundred years. At a time of increasing dissatisfaction with the discipline and the practice of economics, Szostak argues that the time is now ripe —- and right —- to embarrass the profession into a whole-sale reconsideration of what economics is for, how it should be done and what might make it better and more useful to the academy and to the world at large. (shrink)