Como ha ocurrido con la COVID-19, el significado que se le ha dado a los conceptos de salud y, aún más, de enfermedad, ha sido el médico, clínico para ser más preciso. Lo cual es comprensible. No en vano son muchos los siglos de curar y cuidar a las personas dolientes o impedidas, o de tratar de hacerlo. Pero comprensible no es del todo sinónimo de lógico. Porque se trata de términos, sino polisémicos, por lo menos anfibológicos. Incluso desde el (...) ámbito mismo de la sanidad. (shrink)

Andreu Nin defines fascism and analyses its class nature, challenging the notion that fascism’s aims match its rhetoric. While recruiting from among Italy’s middle classes, the petite bourgeoisie, it ultimately serves the big bourgeoisie objectively.

Pese a pertenecer a tradiciones distintas y haberse originado en momentos diferentes, la filosofía de la individuación de Gilbert Simondon y la corriente conocida en la filosofía de las ciencias cognitivas con el nombre de enactivismo comparten algunas características e intereses comunes. Ambas coinciden en su voluntad de integrar diferentes dominios del conocimiento, así como en algunos elementos de su aproximaciones a nociones como las de de emergencia y autonomía, y en su tratamiento general de las relaciones entre cognición, percepción (...) y acción. Mediante una comparación entre las ideas fundamentales los dos enfoques, trato de mostrar que el enactivismo podría beneficiarse de un acercamiento a las ideas expuestas por Simondon en sus obras fundamentales a diferentes niveles: por un lado, en la medida en la que la filosofía de la individuación ofrece una ontología fundamental más adecuada a los planteamientos enactivistas que la ontología individualista implícita en mucha de la filosofía de la mente contemporánea; pero también a un nivel más específico y concreto, ya que Simondon plantea con cierto detalle en sus obras algunas cuestiones importantes que el enactivismo ha empezado a abordar en los últimos años. (shrink)

Recent trends towards an e-Science offer us the opportunity to think about the specific epistemological changes created by computational empowerment in scientific practices. In fact, we can say that a computational epistemology exists that requires our attention. By ‘computational epistemology’ I mean the computational processes implied or required to achieve human knowledge. In that category we can include AI, supercomputers, expert systems, distributed computation, imaging technologies, virtual instruments, middleware, robotics, grids or databases. Although several authors talk about the extended mind (...) and computational extensions of the human body, most of these proposals don’t analyze the deep epistemological implications of computer empowerment in scientific practices. At the same time, we must identify the principal concept for e-Science: Information. Why should we think about a new epistemology for e-Science? Because several processes exist around scientific information that require a good epistemological model to be understood. (shrink)

In the twenty-first century, with steadily increasing production and consumption of the zombie genre, academic interest in it is also growing. Scholars seek to explain the phenomenon, frequently focusing on the living dead and mostly seeing the figure of the zombie as an expression of the anxieties besetting contemporary society. In particular, its popularity can be interpreted as a response to the escalating climate of terror since the 9/11 attacks in 2001, after which media reporting has routinely been permeated with (...) images of death and destruction,1 constantly drawing attention to the insecurity that threatens to turn the American dream into a nightmare.2There is no shortage of authors who have emphasized the... (shrink)

Estas páginas plantean una serie de problemas que, a mi parecer, los sujetos de la emancipación colectiva deben de tener muy presentes para reconstruir sus idearios en el umbral del tercer milenio, después de las derrotas y de los fracasos del siglo XX. Aprovechando que se cumplen diez años de la muerte de Raymond Williams (1921-1988), he creído oportuno homenajear a este testigo excepcional de nuestro siglo haciendo una revisión de los problemas que acordó en los últimos años de su (...) vida. Problemas que ensombrecen más, si cabe, las perspectivas de conseguir una humanidad justa en un planeta habitable. Me estoy refiriendo a la manipulación informativa, a la mercantilización de la cultura y a los nefastos efectos antropológicos que la industria audiovisual puede ocasionar al estar controlada por grupos de poder intrínsecamente antidemocráticos. Estos n u e v o s problemas son los que, a mi juicio, dificultan la tarea de construir respuestas colectivas a los viejos problemas. Raymond Williams supo acotar sus análisis con rigor e intentó vislumbrar soluciones -siempre relativas y parciales- con humildad y cautela. (shrink)

Margarita Diaz-Andreu offers an innovative history of archaeology during the nineteenth century, encompassing all its fields from the origins of humanity to the medieval period, and all areas of the world. The development of archaeology is placed within the framework of contemporary political events, with a particular focus upon the ideologies of nationalism and imperialism. Diaz-Andreu examines a wide range of issues, including the creation of institutions, the conversion of the study of antiquities into a profession, public memory, (...) changes in archaeological thought and practice, and the effect on archaeology of racism, religion, the belief in progress, hegemony, and resistance. (shrink)

La presente investigación se ha centrado en describir los retos a los que se ha de enfrentar la comunidad educativa ante la presencia de alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales en los centros escolares. La metodología se ha centrado en la implementación de un cuestionario tomando como referencia cuatro elementos clave: familia, profesorado, alumnado y centro. El análisis posterior de los datos refleja que la comunidad educativa está a favor de promover un modelo de escuela inclusiva aunque falta un gran camino (...) por recorrer con respecto a la formación y la información sobre la inclusión en el aula. (shrink)

The intention in this paper is analyze how and why Pausanias relate the difference with the mythic Orpheus. This will reveal another face of the vast myth of the bard. For this particular research some aspects of Orpheus myth will be studied: place of birth, appearance, legend, magician’s role and his relation with Musaeus and the Eleusinian Mysteries.

Los jóvenes están alarmados por la insostenibilidad, pero se desvinculan de actitudes pro-sostenibles al considerar que los actos individuales no tienen efecto. Por ello, se presenta la metodología para la creación, desarrollo y evaluación de una iniciativa liderada por jóvenes estudiantes voluntarios en pos de la sostenibilidad, basada en crear espacios de reflexión, debate, autocrítica y motivación. Los resultados muestran un impacto real en el comportamiento individual de los estudiantes, un 82% está motivado a hacer un cambio y un 65% (...) está realizando cambios en sus hábitos. Además, surgieron iniciativas y colaboraciones entre asistentes y ponentes buscando transformar la sociedad. (shrink)

El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar el trasfondo de las matemáticas empleadas por Aristóteles en el libro V de la _Ética a Nicómaco_ con el propósito de esclarecer las nociones de aritmética y geometría en relación con la justicia y la ética. Expongo brevemente la concepción de algunos estudiosos de Aristóteles que proponen una incompatibilidad radical entre ambos modelos matemáticos, y a partir de ello indico por qué esa lectura es equivocada. Finalmente, defiendo una interpretación integracionista, especialmente a (...) partir de la comprensión de la virtud como _enérgeia_ y _entelécheia_. (shrink)

Name der Zeitschrift: Klio Jahrgang: 96 Heft: 1 Seiten: 291-295.

La siguiente es una reseña del estudio realizado por el profesor Francisco Rodríguez Valls de la Universidad de Sevilla respecto a la incertidumbre que supone la naturaleza y la condiciónn de la realidad humana. El análisis se avoca a una visión paranorámica del trabajo del profesor Valls, y de manera introductoria apunta los aspecto claves de su texto a fin de que el lector pueda hacerse una idea clara y concisa de la propia postura del autor.

This article is a tribute to Prof. Jorge Ayala, to his kindness and integrity, in both a personal and intellectual sense. In order to contextualise the meaning of Ayala’s contribution, this article refers to a particular conception of coherence between thought and existence which can be traced in part to the main course of Western intellectual history: a way of experiencing the thought, values and beliefs through which our intellectual choices reflect a way of being –an understanding which is very (...) close to Baltasar Gracián’s notion of «moral truth». (shrink)

Canguilhem’s take on the normal and the pathological offers an interesting insight to elaborate on a phenomenological account of illness and the medical encounter within the scope of Heidegger’s Daseinanalysis from Being and Time. Fredrik Svenaeus has drawn from the latter a definition of illness as an “unhomelike being in the world”. In this paper, I will elaborate on these concepts through the tale of Adriana, a cancer fighter that got diagnosed at age 26. Through her story, I will try (...) to illustrate Canguilhem’s main criticism against medicine's current state, as well as describe phenomenologically what it means to be ill, and what illness does to the patient's being-in-the-world. (shrink)

Health Wearable Devices enhance the quality of life, promote positive lifestyle changes and save time and money in medical appointments. However, Wearable Devices store large amounts of personal information that is accessed by third parties without user consent. This creates ethical issues regarding privacy, security and informed consent. This paper aims to demonstrate users’ ethical perceptions of the use of Wearable Devices in the health sector. The impact of ethics is determined by an online survey which was conducted from patients (...) and users with random female and male division. Results from this survey demonstrate that Wearable Device users are highly concerned regarding privacy issues and consider informed consent as “very important” when sharing information with third parties. However, users do not appear to relate privacy issues with informed consent. Additionally, users expressed the need for having shorter privacy policies that are easier to read, a more understandable informed consent form that involves regulatory authorities and there should be legal consequences the violation or misuse of health information provided to Wearable Devices. The survey results present an ethical framework that will enhance the ethical development of Wearable Technology. (shrink)

How important is the influence of spatial acoustics on our mental processes related to sound perception and cognition? There is a large body of research in fields encompassing architecture, musicology, and psychology that analyzes human response, both subjective and objective, to different soundscapes. But what if we want to understand how acoustic environments influenced the human experience of sound in sacred ritual practices in premodern societies? Archaeoacoustics is the research field that investigates sound in the past. One of its branches (...) delves into how sound was used in specific landscapes and at sites with rock art, and why past societies endowed a special significance to places with specific acoustical properties. Taking advantage of the advances made in sound recording and reproduction technologies, researchers are now exploring how ancient social and sacred ceremonies and practices related to the acoustic properties of their sound environment. Here, we advocate for the emergence of a new and innovative discipline, experimental psychoarchaeoacoustics. We also review underlying methodological approaches and discuss the limitations, challenges, and future directions for this new field. (shrink)

The Discriptio Hispaniae is a passage from the Geometry of Gisemundus, also entitled Ars Gromatica Gisemundi, a medieval treatise of agrimensura written by an unknown author, probably a monk known as Gisemundus who had some agrimensorial experience. The work was compiled around AD 800 by collecting passages of a range of sizes, from just a few words to several pages, extracted from ancient and medieval sources. Although modern research into Roman agrimensorial texts has admitted the importance of the AGG, its (...) corrupt condition has not invited sustained analysis. The passage now known as the Discriptio Hispaniae, a short section from chapter three of the second book of the AGG entitled III De segregatione provinciarum ab Augustalibus terminis, is particularly interesting for the information that it provides concerning the territorial division of Hispania in Late Antiquity. This article presents an edition and English translation of the Discriptio Hispaniae and argues that the most likely point of origin for the Discriptio Hispaniae is during the Byzantine occupation of parts of southern Spain during the second half of the sixth century and the first quarter of the seventh century. We suggest that the Discriptio Hispaniae was preserved because the Byzantine authorities were keen to keep on record information about the borders of the province of Carthaginensis, perhaps the main theme in the text. (shrink)

El artículo analiza el proyecto del ferrocarril como un dispositivo de dominación de la naturaleza en la Costa Rica de finales del siglo XIX. En este sentido, se retoman algunos discursos, prácticas y experiencias, a manera de red, que muestran que la concepción, construcción y consolidación de la línea férrea que conectó San José, capital del país, con Limón, principal puerto de exportaciones e importaciones, constituyó una iniciativa de captura de los recursos del Litoral Caribe. Para esto, se retoman informes (...) técnicos, mensajes presidenciales, fotografías de infraestructuras y crónicas de viaje con la intención de resaltar los esfuerzos por doblegar una naturaleza hostil y convertirla en una naturaleza explotable, atravesable, disfrutable y administrable. (shrink)