L’auteur développe les fondements de sa propre méthode « organismique » dans la Biologie ; ses principes essentiels, par rapport aux theories antérieures, sont les suivants : Considération totalitaire des phénomènes biologiques, par opposition à leur considération analytique ; conception systématique des phénomènes biologiques au lieu de leur sommation ; dynamisme au lieu de mécanisme ; primauté de l'actvité organique et non plus de la réaction. Sous le point de vue de l’organismisme on traite une série de questions fondamentales de (...) biologie théorique : possibilité d’une exposition mathématique des lois biologiques, problème de la finalité et de l’equifinalité, mécanisme et vitalisme, rapport des lois physiques et des lois biologiques, signification de l'indéterminisme physique pour les faits biologiques. (shrink)

Hypnotic responding might be due to attenuated frontal lobe functioning after the hypnotic induction. Little is known about whether personality traits linked with frontal functioning are associated with responsiveness to hypnotic suggestions. We assessed whether hypnotic suggestibility is related to the traits of self-control and impulsivity in 154 participants who completed the Brief Self-Control Scale, the Self-Regulation Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale , and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility . BIS-11 non-planning impulsivity correlated positively with HGSHS:A . Furthermore, (...) in the best model emerging from a stepwise multiple regression, both non-planning impulsivity and self-control positively predicted hypnotic suggestibility, and there was an interaction of BIS-11 motor impulsivity with gender. For men only, motor impulsivity tended to predict hypnotic suggestibility. Hypnotic suggestibility is associated with personality traits linked with frontal functioning, and hypnotic responding in men and women might differ. (shrink)

Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation across basic, translational and clinical research. Contemporaneously, tVNS can be achieved by stimulating either the auricular branch or the cervical bundle of the vagus nerve, referred to as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and transcutaneous cervical VNS, respectively. In order to advance the field in a systematic manner, studies using these technologies need to adequately report sufficient methodological detail to enable comparison of results between (...) studies, replication of studies, as well as enhancing study participant safety. We systematically reviewed the existing tVNS literature to evaluate current reporting practices. Based on this review, and consensus among participating authors, we propose a set of minimal reporting items to guide future tVNS studies. The suggested items address specific technical aspects of the device and stimulation parameters. We also cover general recommendations including inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants, outcome parameters and the detailed reporting of side effects. Furthermore, we review strategies used to identify the optimal stimulation parameters for a given research setting and summarize ongoing developments in animal research with potential implications for the application of tVNS in humans. Finally, we discuss the potential of tVNS in future research as well as the associated challenges across several disciplines in research and clinical practice. (shrink)

Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation across basic, translational and clinical research. Contemporaneously, tVNS can be achieved by stimulating either the auricular branch or the cervical bundle of the vagus nerve, referred to as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and transcutaneous cervical VNS, respectively. In order to advance the field in a systematic manner, studies using these technologies need to adequately report sufficient methodological detail to enable comparison of results between (...) studies, replication of studies, as well as enhancing study participant safety. We systematically reviewed the existing tVNS literature to evaluate current reporting practices. Based on this review, and consensus among participating authors, we propose a set of minimal reporting items to guide future tVNS studies. The suggested items address specific technical aspects of the device and stimulation parameters. We also cover general recommendations including inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants, outcome parameters and the detailed reporting of side effects. Furthermore, we review strategies used to identify the optimal stimulation parameters for a given research setting and summarize ongoing developments in animal research with potential implications for the application of tVNS in humans. Finally, we discuss the potential of tVNS in future research as well as the associated challenges across several disciplines in research and clinical practice. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is altering dynamics in academia, and people juggling remote work and domestic demands – including childcare – have felt impacts on their productivity. Female authors have faced a decrease in paper submission rates since the beginning of the pandemic period. The reasons for this decline in women’s productivity need to be further investigated. Here, we analyzed the influence of gender, parenthood and race on academic productivity during the pandemic period based on a survey answered by (...) 3,345 Brazilian academics from various knowledge areas and research institutions. Productivity was assessed by the ability to submit papers as planned and to meet deadlines during the initial period of social isolation in Brazil. The findings revealed that male academics – especially those without children – are the least affected group, whereas Black women and mothers are the most impacted groups. These impacts are likely a consequence of the well-known unequal division of domestic labor between men and women, which has been exacerbated during the pandemic. Additionally, our results highlight that racism strongly persists in academia, especially against Black women. The pandemic will have long-term effects on the career progression of the most affected groups. The results presented here are crucial for the development of actions and policies that aim to avoid further deepening the gender gap in academia. (shrink)

v. 1. Preliminary studies for part II of the Philosophical investigations -- v. 2. The inner and the outer, 1949-1951.

Das Lebensbild seines Vaters P.J. Anselm v. Feuerbach, dargestellt aus dem Briefwechsel und Nachlass, besitzt für die Geschichte der Bürgerlichen Rechts- und Strafrechtstheorie und für die Biographie des berühmten "Kriminalisten" bleibende Bedeutung. Von besonderem Gewicht sind Dokumente zur Reform des Rechtswesens in Bayern während der napoleonischen Zeit und des Befreiungskampfes von 1813, wo sich Feuerbach wegen seiner Forderung nach "Vertretung deutscher Völker durch Landstände" die Ungnade des Bayerischen Hofes und Schmähungen als Kakobiner und Tugendbündler zuzog. Hintergründe des Falles Kaspar Hause (...) werden aus nachgelassenen Aufzeichnungen offenbart, und schließlich werden wichtige Einblicke in staatsrechtliche Abhandlungen und in Entwürfe zu einer vergleichenden Rechtsgeschichte und -wissenschaft vermittelt. (shrink)

Tysk, kulturkritisk reaktionær livsfilosof. Til hans pantheon af inspirationertæller særligt Goethe, Nietzsche og Bachofen. Som ung blev Klages kendt som psykologisk og grafologisk teoretiker og var centralt medlem af den litterære og kunstneriske kreds omkring digteren Stefan Georges i München. Han havde studeret kemi og fysik i Leipzig og tog i München en doktorgrad i kemi, men komaldrig til at arbejde som kemiker. En akademisk karriere inden for psykologi eller filosofi forfulgte han heller ikke. I 1915 flyttede han til Schweiz (...) i afsmag for militarismen, krigen og den moderne måde at være tysk på, og blev der resten af sine dage. Berygtet er Klages’ antisemitisme, som ikke var racebiologisk, men en åndskritisk antijudaisme. I manges øjne bragte den ham ideologisk i betænkelignærhed af nazismen, om end nazisternes chefideolog Alfred Rosenberg i 1938 tordnede imod Klages’ filosofi. Hovedværket fra 1929, Der Geist als Widersacher der Seele, udtrykker Klages’ grundtanke om sjælen og ånden som modsatrettede magter, hvorfra alle hans naturog kulturanalyser kan afledes. Hans indflydelse på en kulturkritiker som Walter Benjamin, der læses meget på danske universiteter, erunægtelig, men lidet erkendt herhjemme. (shrink)

Der fundamentaltheologische Trinitätssatz: ‘In Gott ist alles eins, wo nicht die gegensätzlichen Beziehungen begegnen’, mit dem zentralen, umstrittenen ‘Filioque’ wurde auf dem Unionskonzil in Florenz definiert. Die originale Fassung dieses Satzes durch Anselm v. Canterbury wurde erst im 13.-14 Jh. theologisch zugerüstet, in den Pariser Schulen kontrovers diskutiert. Die kritische These des Thomas v. Aquin wurde in der Dominikanerschule durch die Magister Benedikt v. Assignano und Johannes de Prato mit dem vieldeutigen Begriff des ‘esse relativum’ unkritisch überliefert, so dass deren (...) Lehrmeinung 1320 — am Vorabend des Kanonisation des Hl. Thomas — durch kollegiales Urteil der Pariser Magister der Theologie beanstandet wurde. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia el vínculo entre el pensamiento hobbesiano y la filosofía política de Hegel en los escritos de Jena. En particular, tomando como punto de partida el nexo entre la lucha de todos contra todos en el estado de naturaleza hobbesiano, y la lucha por el reconocimiento en Hegel, se confrontan ambas teorías políticas, a fin de sopesar y evaluar hasta qué punto es posible encontrar en Hobbes un antecedente a núcleos filosóficos centrales del pensamiento del joven (...) Hegel (v. g. el Estado como realización de la eticidad, la lucha por el reconocimiento, la constitución de la intersubjetividad). (shrink)

Breda, H. L. v. Laudatio für Ludwig Landgreb und Eugen Fink.--Farber, M. The goal of a complete philosophy of experience.--Sinha, D. Phenomenology.--Biemel, W. Reflexionen zur Lebenswelt-Thematik.--Cho, K. K. Über das Bekannte oder nachdenkliches zum Problem der Vorstruktur.--Fink, E. Weltbezug und Seinsverständnis.--Gurwitsch, A. On the systematic unity of the sciences.--Patocka, M. J. Zur ältesten Systematik der Seelenlehre.--Volkmann-Schluck, K.-H. Das Ethos der Demokratie.--Brand, G. Zur mythologischen Rationalität der Praxis.--Pažanin, A. Das Problem der Geschichte bei Husserl, Hegel und Marx.--Groothoff, H.-H. Phänomenologie und (...) Pädagogik. (shrink)