En este trabajo presentamos los rasgos esenciales de la Lógica tal como fue cultivada en España durante la Edad Media. La dividimos en tres grupos religiosos: musulmanes, judíos y cristianos. En cada grupo hubo autores muy notables, alguno de los cuales hicieron aportaciones de gran magnitud a la Lógica medieval.In this study we offer the main feature of the Logic as it was cultivated in Spain in the Middle Ages. It is divided in three religious groups: Christians, (...) Jews and Mahometans. In every group there were very important writers, some of which provided a great contribution to the development of the medieval Logic. (shrink)

Central topics in medieval logic are here treated in a way that is congenial to the modern reader, without compromising historical reliability. The achievements of medieval logic are made available to a wider philosophical public then the medievalists themselves. The three genres of logica moderna arising in a later Middle Ages are covered: obligations, insolubles and consequences - the first time these have been treated in such a unified way. The articles on obligations look at the role of (...) logical consistence in medieval disputation techniques. Those on insolubles concentrate on medieval solutions to the Liar Paradox. There is also a systematic account of how medieval authors described the logical content of an inference, and how they thought that the validity of an inference could be guaranteed. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la primera concepción escotista sobre las categorías y sobre el objeto del tratado aristotélico de las Categorías. El artículo se concentra sobre las tres primeras cuestiones del comentario de Duns Escoto al texto de Aristóteles. Una de las novedades del texto es su tematización del concepto mismo de categoría, entendido como concepto lógico y como objeto propio del tratado aristotélico. Esta aproximación permite a Escoto distinguir el orden lógico y el orden metafísico en el tratamiento (...) de las categorías. En el primero, la lógica se ocupa del concepto de categoría y, en el segundo, la metafísica se ocupa de la diversidad categorial y de su referencia a la categoría de la substancia. (shrink)

O presente artigo divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, analisa-se a noção de um ser mental como sujeito da lógica. O principal objetivo dessa parte é fornecer algumas notas históricas sobre a origem e a importância de uma noção bastante difundida nos séculos XIII e XIV. A segunda parte concentra-se na filosofia de Avicena e procura mostrar como esse autor opõe-se à existência de um ser mental como sujeito da lógica.

The thirteenth-century logician Lambert of Auxerre was well known for his Summa Lamberti, or simply Logica, written in the mid-1250s, which became an authoritative textbook on logic in the Western tradition. Our knowledge of medieval logic comes in great part from Lambert's Logica and three other texts: William of Sherwood's Introductiones in logicam, Peter of Spain's Tractatus, and Roger Bacon's Summulae dialectics. Of the four, Lambert's work is the best example of question-summas that proceed principally by asking and answering (...) questions on the subject matter. Thomas S. Maloney's translation of Logica, the only complete translation of this work in any language, is a milestone in the study of medieval logic. More than simply a translation, Maloney's project is a critical, comprehensive study of Lambert's logic situated in the context of his contemporaries and predecessors. As such, it offers a wealth of annotation and commentary. The lengthy introduction and extensive notes to the text explain the origin, theoretical context, and intricacies of the text and its doctrines. Maloney also addresses the disputed issues of authorship, date, and place of publication of the Summa Lamberti and makes available to the English-only audience the French, German, and Italian secondary sources--all translated--that are needed to enter the discussion. "Thomas S. Maloney fully commands the primary and secondary sources necessary to elucidate Lambert's Logica. An expert on Roger Bacon's philosophy, he demonstrates a rare proficiency in medieval Latin and scholastic logic. His references to sources from the ancient (Aristotle and Boethius) and medieval worlds are apposite, perspicuous, and useful. The volume's presentation with an appropriate introduction and commentary in the endnotes will no doubt establish it as an indispensable resource for scholars in the twenty-first century." --Alan Perreiah, University of Kentucky. (shrink)

Logica modernorum. A critical note on Habermas’s portrait of medieval philosophy In his monumental history of philosophy, the eminent scholar Jürgen Habermas has managed to provide us with a thorough and very nuanced overview of thousands of years of western thought. The famous philosopher paints an impressive picture of the vicissitudes of the modernisation processes featuring in the history of western philosophy. The Leitmotiv of Habermas’s narrative is the way in which throughout history philosophy dealt with the question concerning (...) the relationship between faith and reason. When it comes to the Middle Ages, it is not surprising that Habermas should focus on the opposition between Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham. However, by confining himself to the concepts of fides and ratio, he completely overlooks thirteenth-century developments in the domain of logic. To take note of these developments is fundamental to understand the process of modernisation in philosophy. The aim of this paper is to fill in the gap, by concentrating on thirteenth-century discussions of necessity and (logical) consequences. (shrink)

In this work, the papers are presented which, on the basis of L.M. de Rijk's monumental 'Logica modernorum' (1962-1967), sketch the development of medieval theories on meaning and reference from the beginnings well into the 17th century. The book also presents studies of these theories from a modern point of view.

This book marks the inauguration of the Historia Logicae book series, which seeks to publish high-quality monographs, dissertations, textbooks, proceedings, and anthologies on the history of logic in either German or English. Serving as the inaugural volume in this series, the book explores the contemporary interpretation of logic across many centuries and cultures. The first section of the volume comprises a compilation of papers dedicated to ancient and medieval logic, examining prominent thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Seneca, Porphyry, Proclus, (...) Boethius, Buridan, and Kilwardby. The second section shifts focus towards early-modern and contemporary logics, including the works of Caramuel, Kant, Drobisch, Husserl, and Jaskowski. Topics of discussion encompass the relationship between mathematics and logic, natural deduction, intuitionism, graph theory, categorical judgments, theories of truth, modal logic, opposition relations, logic diagrams, definitions of formal logic, many-sorted logic, model theory, and paraconsistent logic. (shrink)

En el presente artículo describo un octágono de oposición y equivalencia desarrollado por lógicos del siglo XIV, especialmente por Jean Buridan en su Summulae de dialectica. Dicho �cuadro� de oposición ofrece relaciones lógicas muy complejas, alguna de las cuales no está presente en el cuadrado tradicional de oposición. El octágono nos servirá para expresar tres tipos de oraciones: oraciones modales cuantificadas, oraciones oblicuas y oraciones con cuantificación explícita del predicado. El octágono muestra que la lógica medieval del siglo (...) XIV ofrece ya una lógica de relaciones, una lógica de la identidad y una lógica modal comparable a la lógica de nuestros días. (shrink)

This anonymous source publication of a university discussion held in Prague about 1400 provides us with new information about medieval semantics after Peter of Spain and Richard Billingham. The edition is the basis of a partial reconstruction of Thomas of Cleves’ _Logica_.

v. 1. On the twelfth century theories of fallacy.--v. 2. The origin and early development of the theory of supposition.

In this article, after some thoughts on medieval logic and teaching, we present Thomas Murner’s text, Logica memorativa, showing some of his mnemonic strategies for the student to learn logic quickly. Murner offers a type of “flash cards” that illustrate much of the teaching of logic at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The first impression is visual, because the cards do not contain words that illustrate their content. Murner’s exposition rests on analogies between logic themes that are explained (...) and the visual images presented. (shrink)

En este trabajo se estudia la determinación escotista del objeto de la lógica, en tanto ciencia intencional común. La reflexión se concentra en la tercera de las Cuestiones a la Isagoge de Porfirio, donde Escoto presenta y evalúa varios candidatos al rol de objeto de la lógica. Teniendo como parámetro de evaluación un conjunto de condiciones a cumplir por el objeto de una ciencia, Escoto concluye que el objeto de la lógica es el silogismo. Sobre ese resultado, (...) el artículo defiende la tesis de que, junto a dicho objeto, entendido como objeto propio, se puede inferir la presencia de un objeto común: las segundas intenciones. En cuanto al silogismo como objeto, se sostiene que este da unidad a la lógica por atribución y no por predicación. (shrink)

This volume contains the first critical edition of a Spanish textbook on logic, found in the libraries of Sevilla and Zaragoza. It has tentatively been given the title Logica Morelli, taken from the title found in the Zaragoza copy. The author of this work, who perhaps went by the name Morellus, is as yet unknown. It seems likely that the work originates from the second half of the fifteenth century. It is structured in accordance with academic practice in Spain of (...) that period, and bears a close relationship to Pedro de Castrovol's Logica. The handbook is a compilation of the material used for introductory courses on logic, comprising the study on terms, propositions, argumentation, universals and categories, and obligations. The text neatly testifies to the way in which logic was taught and practiced at Spanish universities during the late Middle Ages, and shows us how material from diverse mediaeval authors and traditions managed to survive in the curricula of late mediaeval academic programmes. The volume contains a broad introduction, as well as extensive indexes of names, sources, subjects, and sophisma-sentences and examples. (shrink)

Paul of Venice’s tract on reference, a brief excerpt from his lengthy Logica Magna, deals with material, simple, and personal supposition. His treatment of these standard subjects of late medieval logic is significant because it defends the use of material signs to indicate that a term is being used in material supposition and because of its critique of Peter of Mantua’s reduction of all reference to personal reference. Paul also defends against several challenges to the common notions that terms (...) do not refer outside the context of propositions and that only the subject and predicate terms, not the copula, refer. His encyclopedic treatise was widely used in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Professor Perreiah has established a critical edition of the Latin text and it is printed opposite his readable and reliable English translation. The translation is excellent in rendering the technical terms of medieval logic into the terms of contemporary logic. The introduction could be more developed, but it is very helpful as are the notes explaining references in the text. This book is a scholarly and significant contribution to the study of medieval logic.—K. M. (shrink)

The focus on the Logica Nova in the research on 11th and 12th century Quaestio-literature is misleading. It seems to derive from a particular view of the Logica Vetus, which takes Boethius seriously only as a translator and perhaps a commentator of Aristotle. The puzzlement dissappears when Boethius is taken seriously as a logician and dialectician in his own right. Two Boethian works are of particular importance for early medieval as well as for Boethian dialectic, namely the commentary on (...) Cicero's Topica and the De Differentiis Topicis. While all great historians and medieval philosophy acknowledge the early presence and importance of these works, the extent of their influence on the development of the Quaestio has yet to be appreciated. The first section develops the problem by giving an outline of the important features of Bazàn's account of the Quaestio and its place between Lectio and Disputatio. The second section studies Boethius account of dialectic, with particular consideration of teh commentary on Cicero's Topica and the De Differentiis Topicis. The third section argues that Bazàn's and Grabmann's assumption that the 'old logic' did not provide the necessary means for the development of the Quaestio is unjustified. The fourth and final section offers some remarks on the relation of Abelard's Sic et Non to the method of the Quaestio. (shrink)

Se pretende ofrecer una aproximación a la obra de Vicente Muñoz Delgado. Se muestran las distintas etapas en la génesis de su obra y pensamiento, así como también, los núcleos y las claves sobre las cuales se estructura.

In 1980 L. M. de Rijk edited some texts connected with medieval disputation ( Die mittelaterlichen Traktate De modo opponendi et respondendi ), towards which he showed a strikingly contemptuous attitude. The reason for his contempt was that the treatises did not fit the obligationes and sophismata tradition. In this article I focus on the original version, the Thesaurus Philosophorum , to highlight the distinction of this family of treatises with respect to the “modern“ tradition. First, I study the (...) features of the disputation that can be recognised through the collection of fallacious arguments contained in the Thesaurus . Second, I briefly examine the contents of the treatise and their arrangement, showing that they are closely related to the kind of disputation in question. I hope to support the idea that neither the technique of disputation nor the contents and their arrangement deserve a straightforward rejection. (shrink)

Este texto é um relato das publicações em filosofia medieval promovidas no Brasil pela Comissão Brasileira de Filosofia Medieval. O relato engloba as publicações de 1983 até 2000. Nestas publicações são encontrados estudos gerais e traduções, sobre temas tais como política, ontologia, lógica, antropologia, teologia filosófica e filosofia da linguagem. A maioria dos estudos se encontra em língua portuguesa. Além disso, o texto contém índices bastante úteis de nomes e de temas/autores.

Paul of Venice joined the Austin Friars at an early age and was sent by them from Padua to study at Oxford in 1390. When he returned, full of ideas and laden with books, he began his prodigious writing career with several books on logic, including the Logica Magna, which runs to some half a million words. The current volume contains the final treatise, on insolubles - that is, logical paradoxes. After surveying fifteen previous solutions, Paul develops his own, based (...) on the idea that such propositions falsify themselves. Besides a critical edition of the Latin text, the volume also contains an English translation, a detailed commentary, excerpts from two other logical works of Paul, and a substantial introduction. The introduction describes the fourteenth-century background to Paul's treatise; it also gives a detailed rebuttal of a recent claim that the Logica Magna is not by Paul because its content clashes with genuine works of his. All in all, the volume greatly enhances our understanding of the development of logic, in particular of the semantics of propositions, during a crucial century in its history. (shrink)

Logica Magna Part 1 Fasc 1 Tractatus de Terminis.

El artículo sondea los primeros acercamientos de Dante al tema económico, en su etapa florentina: en las dos canciones doctrinales y el Fiore. Vemos aquí los atisbos de la crítica del capitalismo que será desarrollada en las obras de la madurez.

The Latin text of an important contribution to Medieval logic. This volume contains Ockham's treatment of the proposition and the syllogism.--R. H.

Our aim is to offer an approach to the work of Vicente Muñoz Delgado. The different stages of the production of his work and thought, as well as the nuclei and keystones on which it is structured.

Besides his translation of this classic, the author provides an introduction which serves to situate Galen and his work in ancient thought, an analysis which discusses Galen's sources, and a concise summary of the work itself. This volume should be of value to the modern logician as well as the student of ancient and medieval philosophy.—B. P. H.

The 'Perutilis logica' is both by its content and its didactic value the most paradigmatic logical compendium of the 14th century. The study presented here tries to show on the basis of an interpretative analysis of the second treatise that the doctrine of the properties of terms is stated in a unusually developed form in the 'Perutilis logica' and that suggestions that it lacks originality must be revised.

The recent revival of scientific interest in medieval texts is happily removing the long neglect of the scientific works of William Ockham. While a new edition of his political writings is being prepared in England, the late Father Boehner has initiated a school of study of his philosophical and theological works in New York. As the basic instrument to Ockham’s philosophical evaluation he insisted upon the understanding of Ockham’s systematic re-organization of Aristotelian logic, with some extraordinary anticipations of modern (...) mathematical logic, which he rigorously applied to solve his problems. Lack of appreciation of this logical power exposes us to misjudge, and possibly to charge him with scepticism, since Ockham drew a firm line between the evident presence and absence of proof in the strict sense. Establishing the text of the capital work, Summa Logicae occupied the last twenty years of Fr. Boehner’s life. The present accurate volume carries forward the edition to the second, and the first section of the third part. It expounds the logic of proposition and syllogism and is particularly rich on modal logic. It was composed, according to the editor’s final judgment at Avignon between 1324 and 1327. (shrink)

This edition of Giraldus Odonis' Logica for the first time gives access to an important and original treatise, which has unduly been neglected since the author's death. It is also important in that it gives evidence of interesting achievements in the field of logic outside the anti-metaphysical circle surrounding Ockham.