This study examined the effect of the pique technique preceded by a disrupting process. Passersby in the street were asked for money, either for a common amount of change (control) or 37 cents (pique technique). In half of the cases, the requester added a disrupting sentence at the beginning of the request. Results showed that the pique technique alone and the disrupting technique alone increased compliance with the request. Adding a first disrupting sentence to the pique also increased compliance compared (...) with the other three conditions. These results support the theoretical explanation that the initial disrupting sentence associated with the pique could reduce the influence of the refusal script activated by the money request. (shrink)

In the last two decades modal logic has undergone an explosive growth, to thepointthatacompletebibliographyofthisbranchoflogic,supposingthat someone were capable to compile it, would?ll itself a ponderous volume. What is impressive in the growth of modal logic has not been so much the quick accumulation of results but the richness of its thematic dev- opments. In the 1960s, when Kripke semantics gave new credibility to the logic of modalities? which was already known and appreciated in the Ancient and Medieval times? no one could (...) have foreseen that in a short time modal logic would become a lively source of ideas and methods for analytical philosophers,historians of philosophy,linguists, epistemologists and computer scientists. The aim which oriented the composition of this book was not to write a new manual of modal logic buttoo?ertoeveryreader,evenwithnospeci?cbackground in logic, a conceptually linear path in the labyrinth of the current panorama of modal logic. The notion which in our opinion looked suitable to work as a compass in this enterprise was the notion of multimodality, or, more speci?cally, the basic idea of grounding systems on languages admitting more than one primitive modal operator. (shrink)

The purpose of this study was to identify general characteristics attributed to ethical business cultures by executives from a variety of industries. Our research identified five clusters of characteristics: Mission- and Values-Driven, Stakeholder Balance, Leadership Effectiveness, Process Integrity, and Long-term Perspective. We propose that these characteristics be used as a foundation of a comprehensive model that can be engaged to influence operational practices in creating and sustaining an ethical business culture.

Cet article aborde, à partir de la répétition des maltraitances sur enfant dans la relation mère-fille, la fonction du processus de cette répétition selon la théorie freudienne et lacanienne dans un dispositif de soin dans le cadre de la pjj. Une vignette clinique met en évidence que l’insistance de la répétition du fantasme d’infanticide dans la généalogie féminine ne se réduit pas à la narration du traumatisme infantile mais devient une interrogation à l’adresse du Grand Autre pour se définir comme (...) sujet désirant, différent, afin de se soustraire à ce fantasme. Si cette demande sous-jacente à cette répétition n’est pas entendue par les professionnels, les institutions qui sont mis à l’épreuve, dans le transfert et le contretransfert, au profit de la fonction victimaire chez le sujet, les réponses apportées dans la réalité ne pourront que contribuer à assurer la jouissance mortifère de ce dernier dans la transgression, mettant en échec la fonction symbolique de la Loi. Les auteurs montrent, à travers l’efficacité du transfert et de la fonction symbolique de la Loi, que la psychanalyse sans divan peut s’adapter à une clinique du réel, clinique qui peut parfois réinterroger la théorie. (shrink)

The advent of the Web is one of the defining technological events of the twentieth century, yet its impact on the fundamental questions of philosophy has not yet been explored, much less systematized. The Web, as today implemented on the foundations of the Internet, is broadly construed as the space of all items of interest identified by URIs. Originally a space of linked hypertext documents, today the Web is rapidly evolving as a universal platform for data and computation. Even swifter (...) is the Web‐driven transformation of many previously unquestioned philosophical concepts of privacy, belief, intelligence, cognition, and even embodiment in surprising ways. The ensuing essays in this collection hope to explore the philosophical foundation of the World Wide Web and open the debate on whether or not the changes caused by the Web to technology and society warrant the creation of a philosophy of the Web. (shrink)

Even though hesitations (e.g., um/uh) were historically perceived as involuntary non-linguistic items (e.g., Maclay & Osgood 1959), more recently, a number of scholars have suggested that hesitations can behave like (a) lexical items (e.g., Clark & Fox Tree 2002), and (b) at least in some contexts and with some functions as grammatical items like suffixes/clitics (Kirjavainen, Crible & Beeching 2022; Tottie 2017). The current study contributes to this body of work and presents two spoken language corpus analyses (frequency analysis; network (...) analysis) investigating the nature of the Finnish planning particle tota. Our results suggest that tota is more similar to grammatical items than lexical items. (shrink)

There is a long tradition in philosophy of blaming passions for our unhappiness. If only we were more rational, it is claimed, we would live happier lives. I argue that such optimism is misguided and that, paradoxically, people with desires, like us, cannot be both happy and rational. More precisely, if someone rational has desires he will not be fully happy, and if he has some desires that are rational and – in a yet-to-be-specified sense – demanding, he will be (...) frankly unhappy. Call this claim Rational Pessimism. The argument for Rational Pessimism can be considered as a variation on a Schopenhauerian argument that bluntly claims that, because desires involve lack and suffering, desiring souls like us cannot be happy. I argue that, even if Schopenhauer’s argument escapes most attacks that have been targeted against it, it faces decisive empirical objections. I argue that Schopenhauer’s argument can, however, be rescued if it is assumed that we are rational. (shrink)

L’interactivité est communément perçue comme la marque caractéristique des technologies digitales et, par extension, de différentes formes de fictions, de médias ou d’œuvres numériques – de la littérature hypertextuelle et des jeux vidéo au net art. On peut toutefois s’interroger sur le sens précis qu’il convient de donner à cette notion, ainsi que sur les promesses auxquelles elle est souvent associée. À défaut de pouvoir cerner un concept unique et maxi-englobant d’interactivité, nous suggérons qu’il est plus profitable de tenter d’identifier (...) des types et des degrés d’interactivité. Nous tentons de montrer pourquoi cette théorie pluraliste et gradualiste est plus attrayante que d’autres approches développées dans la littérature récente. Nous mettons enfin cette conception à l’épreuve du jeu vidéo, en montrant qu’elle permet de réévaluer le rôle que joue l’interactivité dans ce médium, mais qu’elle met aussi au jour les limitations inhérentes des fictions interactives que l’on y trouve. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem por finalidade ensaiar uma reflexão sobre a aporia imposta pela catástrofe. Para isso, inicialmente, apresenta-se alguns dados de catástrofes a serem tomadas como exemplares: a cheia no Vale do Taquari (RS) e a seca nos rios da bacia amazônica (AM). A seguir, busca-se pensar a questão da catástrofe desde seu índice temporal, e para isso, se recorrerá a duas propostas: de Jean-Pierre Dupuy e de Alain Brossat. Intentou-se outra alternativa, ainda que não exclusiva: a de enfatizar (...) a espacialidade da catástrofe, sem necessariamente perder de vista sua temporalidade, mas de algum modo subordinando-a àquela do espaço, do local da catástrofe, evidenciando como a catástrofe pode ser tomada como questão biopolítica. Por fim, apoiando-se nessa correlação espaço-temporal da catástrofe, e tomando por apoio o terremoto no Haiti em 2010, ensaia-se algum pensamento que busca realocar a relação entre local e global/universal e, assim, subvertendo a lógica biopolítica de sua governamentalidade. (shrink)

Résumé David Chalmers maintient que la réalité virtuelle est une véritable réalité. Une version de ce « réalisme virtuel » affirme que les entités virtuelles dépendent ontologiquement d'entités numériques réelles. Nous explorons ici cette suggestion, en proposant un nouveau modèle pour décrire la dépendance du virtuel à l’égard du numérique. En nous appuyant sur la théorie de la constitution de Lynne Rudder Baker, nous défendons que les objets virtuels sont constitués par des objets numériques, lorsque ceux-ci se trouvent dans certaines (...) circonstances favorables. Nous explorons les motivations et les implications de cette approche, que nous considérons comme une forme prometteuse de réalisme virtuel. (shrink)

How many words—and which ones—are sufficient to define all other words? When dictionaries are analyzed as directed graphs with links from defining words to defined words, they reveal a latent structure. Recursively removing all words that are reachable by definition but that do not define any further words reduces the dictionary to a Kernel of about 10% of its size. This is still not the smallest number of words that can define all the rest. About 75% of the Kernel turns (...) out to be its Core, a “Strongly Connected Subset” of words with a definitional path to and from any pair of its words and no word's definition depending on a word outside the set. But the Core cannot define all the rest of the dictionary. The 25% of the Kernel surrounding the Core consists of small strongly connected subsets of words: the Satellites. The size of the smallest set of words that can define all the rest—the graph's “minimum feedback vertex set” or MinSet—is about 1% of the dictionary, about 15% of the Kernel, and part-Core/part-Satellite. But every dictionary has a huge number of MinSets. The Core words are learned earlier, more frequent, and less concrete than the Satellites, which are in turn learned earlier, more frequent, but more concrete than the rest of the Dictionary. In principle, only one MinSet's words would need to be grounded through the sensorimotor capacity to recognize and categorize their referents. In a dual-code sensorimotor/symbolic model of the mental lexicon, the symbolic code could do all the rest through recombinatory definition. (shrink)

Tradução do texto “Kant und die Naturwissenschaft” de Hans Reichenbach.

Un modèle pour artiste, valide du XIIIe siècle aux XVIe-XVIIe siècle, veut que la mariée, quelle qu’elle soit, soit systématiquement représentée, au banquet du mariage, immobile, yeux baissées, les mains croisées dans son giron, bouche close, alors que tous discutent et consomment autour d’elle. Quelle réalité recouvre ce topos? Chaque image du mariage est une leçon et un avertissement donnés au deuxième sexe.

Les Parisiennes du XIIIe siècle ont mauvaise réputation. Non contentes de mal se tenir à table, elles se gavent et s’enivrent, parlent des vins en professionnelles de l’œnologie, suggérant une longue expérience de beuveries, et, surtout, se passent des hommes pour festoyer. Exclus de la convivialité féminine, ceux-ci se vengent en vers : c’est l’objet d’un poème comique, un fabliau, qui leur promet un sort funeste : le coma éthylique des trois dames de Paris les fait enterrer vives au cimetière (...) des Innocents! Encore une leçon de morale, sous couvert d’en rire, aux femmes qui ne veulent pas se contenir…. (shrink)

Bergson’s philosophy marked a turning point in Western understanding of time by differentiating quantitative time—apprehended by intelligence—from qualitative time—duration, embedded in consciousne...

Examina-se as posições teórico-práticas de Maquiavel e sua contraposição à moralidade tradicional, a fim de entender como se estrutura a sua nova proposta ética. A novidade está pautada nas categorias políticas da conveniência e da aparência: admite-se recorrer a todos os meios necessários para atingir os fins estabelecidos, e para manter-se no poder, obter a honra e a glória, não importa aquilo que o Príncipe é, mas o que aparenta ser perante os súditos e aliados. Disto decorre a necessidade de (...) um Príncipe com o pulso firme e que defenda, sem medir esforços, a integridade e o bem-estar seu povo. A moral do governante será dirigida pela situação política e não pelo ideal de governante universal, abstrato e perfeito. O poder político tem uma origem mundana, nasce da própria malignidade que é intrínseca à natureza humana, mas se constitui, ainda que de modo precário e transitório, como a única possibilidade de enfrentar o conflito. Enfim, cabe ao Príncipe a utilização de um conjunto de expedientes e técnicas capazes de assegurar a máxima eficácia na preservação do Estado e na conservação de sua suprema finalidade - ordem e harmonia. (shrink)

The Person and the Inpersonal: confronting Max Scheler’s phenomenological thought with Heidegger’s. This essay starts from a similarity between the thought of Max Scheler and Martin Heidegger in their correspondent approaches to the way the being of the human as non-substantial. Both Scheler’s notion of “Person” and Heidegger’s notion of “Dasein” are conceived of as acts, always already determined by their being-in-the-world, and not as substantial entities with a kind of identity previous to their “actuality”. Nonetheless, Scheler and Heidegger extract (...) from that originally common thought divergent pathways of thinking: whereas the first one addresses the mode of being of the Person, the second derives to the “impersonal” (das Man). This text aims at showing precisely the way of that divergence. (shrink)

A comunicação situa-se na continuação do estudo apresentado ao II Congresso Internacional da AFFEN, intitulado A vida e o humano em Heidegger: a ontologia heideggeriana na aurora de uma biopolítica, e pretende considerar as consequência, na filosofia de Heidegger na transição entre os anos 20 e 30, do seu afastamento em relação ao conceito de vida. Ver-se-á como é este afastamento, determinado pela meditação em tomo do pensamento de Ernst Jünger e pela confrontação com o biologismo nacional-socialista, que conduz àquilo (...) a que se poderia chamar uma transformação interior da abordagem heideggeriana da essência do humano, e da sua determinação como ser-no-mundo. Uma tal transformação acontece em três passos fundamentais: 1. urna “radicalização filosófica” - para usar os terinos de Jean Grondin - do conceito de finitude (1929); 2. um enraizamento da não-verdade na essência da verdade (1930); 3. a transformação do conceito de mundo em pólo da unidade constituída pela relação agónica entre terra e mundo (1935). Através desta transformação, Heidegger confronta-se com a meditação jüngeriana acerca da “mobilização total” do mundo, surgindo assim a sua história do ser como a representação de um processo no qual o ser abandona o ente, a terra é destruída e o mundo é despojado de terra. Numa tal história, marcada, numa perspectiva geral, por aquilo a que Heidegger chama a “fuga dos deuses”, dir-se-ia que tudo no ente fica exposto e que o mundo - sendo aquilo que, no aparecer do ente, não aparece e se encobre enquanto condição do próprio aparecimento - chega ao fim. Heidegger apresenta então o fim do mundo, através do seu pensar de uma história do ser, para o recusar e resistir contra ele. O salto da “história do ser” para um “outro início” da história, aquilo a que Heribert Boeder chama o “pensar apocalíptico” constitutivo da meditação modema heideggeriana, traduz assim um recuo de Heidegger diante do fim do mundo. (shrink)

Heidegger occupies a special place within the logotectonic edifice. Determined by “Sein” (Being) or the “Sache” (topic) and not by thinking itself, Heidegger’s thought presents itself as the “end of philosophy”, which is the completion of what Boeder calls modernity (Moderne). However, in view of Heidegger’s transition from fundamental ontology to the history of Being, it is also possible to regard Boeder’s logotectonic as a response to, and perhaps even as demanded by, the intrinsic movement of Heidegger’s thinking. This would (...) mean that Heidegger’s Besinnung plays a role not only inside but also outside the logotectonic, namely, as the thought in confrontation with which logotectonic thinking can appear. (shrink)

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain (...) in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

Being diagnosed with a disease is like being thrust onto a new path, a biographical bifurcation akin to a mourning process, bringing in its wake a shattering of the social self. The passage from an ideal of perfect health to a state of illness introduces various fractures into the individual's life course, leading to a process of biographization. To illustrate this, the life story of a diabetic person is used to analyze various biographical turning points. The analysis of the subjectivation (...) process highlights different reconstructions of the self through the experience of therapeutic education, seen as a relational space of in-between identities. (shrink)

As facilidades proporcionadas pela tecnologia moderna representam maior liberdade ao indivíduo, pois aumentam as possibilidades de ação. Contudo, os olhares se voltam para ações do homem na sociedade contemporânea, as direções das pesquisas são conduzidas pelo homem, no entanto o uso para o bem ou mal não está na técnica e sim centrada nas escolhas do ser humano. A tecnologia moderna possui rapidez na difusão do conhecimento, bem como proporciona a possibilidade de melhoramento e aperfeiçoamento da técnica, porém com esse (...) avanço o ser humano se fascina em sua liberdade e onipotência ante as novas tecnologias, que cada vez mais ameaçam a própria vida, em seu sentido essencial. A revolução genética, por exemplo, avança com desconfiança em razão da imprevisibilidade de seus resultados. Portanto, a técnica moderna, enquanto objeto tecnológico, é o resultado da transformação das necessidades do homem em objetos e a sua dependência em relação às novas tecnologias causa várias patologias que podem levar a vida ao seu extermínio. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende mostrar a gênese e a conquista do conceito de filosofia cosmopolita de Kant ao longo do seu período pré-crítico. Esse conceito foi erigido por meio das pesquisas de Kant tanto sobre o que significava filosofar na Antiguidade quanto sobre a pretensão de encontrar um método que resolvesse o problema da cientificidade da metafísica. Defende-se que tal conceito é o principal elemento que dota sua filosofia de organicidade, de maneira a conceder coerência lógica ao longo de toda a (...) reflexão crítica: da Crítica da razão pura até o Opus Postumum, Kant conserva os conteúdos e a forma de tal conceito, na medida em que este interessa a todos os humanos, pois visa à consecução de fins racionais aplicados à resolução dos problemas humanos. A investigação, portanto, divide-se em três tópicos: (I) a reflexão das décadas de 1740 e 1750; (II) o problema do método em fi losofi a próprio à década de 1760; e, finalmente, (III) a formulação do conceito de filosofia cosmopolita ao longo da década de 1770, formulação que subjaz à costura dos fundamentos do projeto crítico. (shrink)

t. 1. Les présocratiques.--t. 2. Platon-Aristote.--t. 3. La philosophie hellénistique. Les n éo-platoniciens.

The philosopher's paper Alonso, Ángel Castigo y derecho sin libre albedrío ni responsabilidad Punishment and law without free will and no responsibility López Corredoira, Martín De los metarrelatos a la "muerte de los intelectuales". Una mirada al "Humanismo impenitente" desde la reconstrucción neonietzscheana postmoderna From meta - reports to the "demise of intellectuals". A view of "impenitent humanism" from post-modern neo-Nietzschean deconstruction Mora García, José Pascual Kant y el método de trascender en la filosofía de Karl Jaspers Kant and (...) the transcendental method in the Karl Jaspers philosophy Portuondo Pajón, Gladys L. La creatio ex Nihilo y sus implicaciones fenomenológicas en Levitas La creatio ex Nihilo and it's phenomenology implications in Levinas Ramírez, Gustavo ¿Qué significa meditar? What does it mean to meditate? Ramis Muscato, Pompeyo Sobre la violencia: Orígenes y antídoto Regarding violence: Origens and antidotes Vasquez, Eduardo Interdisciplinares Louis Kahn: Filosofía, arte y arquitectura Louis Kahn: Philosophy, arte and architecture Arellano Spinetti, Leonardo La oligarquía venezolana en el siglo XXI: Del estereotipo al anacronismo The Venezuelan oligarchy in the XXI century: From the stereotype to the anachronism Varela Manrique, Luz Coromoto Traducciones El arte de pensar Maurois, André Friedrich Nietzsche. 1844-1900. (shrink)

Belandria, Margarita Artículos El erotismo como experiencia vinculada a lo sagrado Eroticism as an experience linked to the sacred order Castrejón, Gilberto Laberintos de sabiduría: Entre la razón y el mito Labyrinths of the knowledge: Between the reason and the myth Espar, Teresa Hacia una noción de "globalización" Towards a globalization notion González R., Javier y Belandria, Margarita Filosofía, semiótica, y ritmo Philosophy, semiotics, and rhythm Hocevar, Drina Más allá del pensamiento determinante, el pensamiento reflexionante Beyond deterministic thought, reflexive thought (...) Maldonado, Rebeca La muerte como imaginario social: una mirada de la modernidad a la postmodernidad cultural Death as a social imaginary: A view modernity to cultural postmodernity Mora García, José Pascual El impacto de la ideología y la política en la cultura y el arte de la América Latina Ideological and political interference related to artistic and cultural creations in the Latin American ambit Peña, Edilio Ontología de la trascendencia Metaphysics of Transcendence Ramis Muscato, Pompeyo Sentido de una reforma general de la educación The meaning of a general reform on education Suzzarini, Andrés Traducciones H. Arendt y la idea del derecho moderno Renaut, Alain y Sosoe, Lukas Interdisciplinares Los personajes femeninos en las novelas de Alejo Carpentier Márquez Rodríguez, Alexis Gobernabilidad y constituciones (De la colonización a la emancipación Zambrano Labrador, Laurencio Recensiones Conozca al investigador: Elías Capriles Acercamiento a la obra: Individuo Sociedad y Ecosistema Velasco, Fabiola CDCHT. (shrink)

The authors argue that Morenian-inspired existential psychodrama turns out to be a formidable lever for opening up existence as it allows schizophrenic patients to incorporate the experience of an “absolutely other” on which the foundation of any autonomous self is built. More precisely, by relying on their clinical experiences, the authors show how psycho-dramatic play goes along with an intense movement of original projection which carries psychotic patients externally in relation to themselves. Offset from their pathological world, these patients feel (...) more inclined to “wear someone else’s shoes,” for the duration of the game, and they do so in a manner that is both sensorial and pathic. This surprising and creative “journey,” which allows them to return to the world better attuned to others and to themselves, is merely an enactment of a “true” intersubjective encounter: the very essence of existential psychodrama. By applying phenomenology to this psychodramatic method, notably by relying on the hypothesis of psychosis being a disorder of what Bin Kimura calls the “ aida,” the authors hope to contribute to the advancement of psychosis’ psychotherapy. (shrink)

Pensamos que apesar de Kant inaugurar sua filosofia crítica tratando das condições de possibilidade formais para resolução de problemas (filosofia crítica), ele avança na década de 1790 em direção a estabelecer a antropologia como finalidade da sua filosofia. Considerando isso, o objetivo deste escrito é mostrar que a recepção da filosofia kantiana nos séculos XIX e XX foi logicista e formalista, ressaltando bem mais sua base transcendental que pragmática (em sentido kantiano). Desse modo, o retorno a Kant, promovido pelo Neokantismo, (...) contribuiu para o esquecimento e não tematização da centralidade da sua antropologia, pois se voltou às condições de possibilidade para a consolidação das ciências na segunda metade do século XIX e legou ao kantismo do século XX modelos interpretativos de viés logicista a analítico, deixando de lado qualquer reflexão profunda sobre a parte empírica de sua filosofia, posto considerá-la impura. Também pontuaremos que a própria ciência etnográfica desconsidera qualquer herança de Kant em sua constituição. No final, provaremos estatisticamente, por meio da análise do centenário histórico da revista Kant Studien que houve um baixíssimo volume de textos sobre temas pragmáticos. A antropologia de Kant foi esquecida pela fortuna crítica, quando deveria ter sido posta como central. (shrink)