The effects of time and the longitudinal course of the children’s internalizing symptoms following Intimate Partner Violence Exposure are still of great interest today. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the frequency of IPVE, adverse experiences after the cessation of the IPVE and the time elapsed since the termination of the violent relation on the prevalence of anxiety and depression among children. Participants were 107 children and their mothers who had been victims of IPV and had existing judicial (...) protection and restraining orders. Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated to analyze children’s adjustment, considering the effect of the time elapsed since the termination, frequency of IPVE, experiences of revictimization, maternal pathology, and anxious anticipation of the mother at the prospect of future harm. Exposure to multiple events of violence at the hands of multiple ex-partners and higher scores in the mother’s anxious anticipation were significant predictors of children’s pathological depression and anxiety. Our results emphasize the need for early psychological evaluation of women and children’s victims of IPV to provide timely interventions that avoid symptoms from becoming chronic. Strategies to bring support and emotional security to the victims after the end of the violent relationship are desirable. (shrink)

This paper proposes and analyzes the psychometric properties of the PREVI-A scale. It describes the process of item development, the factorial structure of the scale, reliability, evidence of validity and diagnostic performance with regard to recidivism risk in juvenile offenders. The sample was made up of 212 juvenile offenders held at detention centers run by the Madrid Agency for Reeducation and Reintegration of Juvenile Offenders, a regional government body. Statistical analyses were used to corroborate the theoretical factorial structure of the (...) PREVI-A, which consists of six risk/protection dimensions based on the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model, and to obtain empirical support for the reliability and validity of PREVI-A as a tool to assess the risk of recidivism by juvenile offenders in Spain. (shrink)

Extending the growing literature on the role of grit in different life domains, this research explores the relationship between grit and involvement in entrepreneurship. The research highlights the role of personal income and satisfaction with one’s current financial situation as moderators of the relationship between grit and entrepreneurial behavior. Using a large representative sample of Spanish young adults and controlling for a number of potential confounding variables, we find that grit is modestly negatively related to the probability of involvement in (...) entrepreneurship. As predicted, however, this relationship is qualified by both income and satisfaction with current financial situation, though in opposite directions and more weakly for satisfaction with financial status. Gritty individuals with higher levels of income are more prone to become entrepreneurs than gritty individuals with lower levels of income. Gritty individuals with lower levels of satisfaction with their financial situation are more likely to set up a business or become self-employed. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende leer línea a línea el comienzo de Carta sobre el “humanismo” para defender, por un lado, el compromiso heideggeriano con la actitud fenomenológica a pesar del abandono de la mayoría de los términos técnicos acuñados por Husserl y de que este sea, además, hermenéutico en todo momento; y, por otro lado, que la interpretación de este texto debe llevarse a cabo, precisamente, comprometiéndose con esa actitud. En esta línea, defenderemos que la actitud y el ejercicio fenomenológico-hermenéutico aparece (...) como una decisión frente a cómo afrontar la pregunta por nuestro propio tiempo histórico, por en qué consiste nuestro normal andar con las cosas en nuestra situación histórica, que esa decisión solo es comprensible desde ese ejercicio y que el término “pensar” demuestra significar, a partir de 1930, ese ejercicio mismo.This paper aims to read line by line the beginning of the Letter on “humanism” in order to defend, on the one hand, the Heideggerian commitment to the phenomenological attitude in spite of the fact that he no longer uses most of the technical term coined by Husserl and that this is, moreover, hermeneutic at all times; and, on the other hand, that the interpretation of this text must be achieved, precisely, by com-mitting oneself to this attitude. In the same way, we will defend that the hermeneutical-phenomenological attitude and exercise appears as a decision regarding how to face the question of our own historical time, why our normal behaviour in our historical situation consist of, that this decision is only understandable from this very exercise and that the term “thinking” shows that, from 1930 onwards, it means this very exercise. (shrink)

Machine ethics and robot rights are quickly becoming hot topics in artificial intelligence and robotics communities. We will argue that attempts to attribute moral agency and assign rights to all intelligent machines are misguided, whether applied to infrahuman or superhuman AIs, as are proposals to limit the negative effects of AIs by constraining their behavior. As an alternative, we propose a new science of safety engineering for intelligent artificial agents based on maximizing for what humans value. In particular, we challenge (...) the scientific community to develop intelligent systems that have human-friendly values that they provably retain, even under recursive self-improvement. (shrink)

Business Ethics: A European Review, EarlyView.

This article analyses the forms of dividuation workers undergo when they are linked to technologies, such as algorithms or artificial intelligence. It examines functionalities and operations deployed by certain types of Talent Management software and apps—UKG, Tribepad, Afiniti, RetailNext and Textio. Specifically, it analyses how talented workers materialise in relation to the profiles and the statistical models generated by such artificial intelligence machines. It argues that these operate as a nooscope that allows the transindividual plane to be quantified through a (...) process known as dividuation. Finally, by way of conclusion, the notion of the dividual is presented as the logic that characterises the human–machine relationship in the case of artificial intelligence and as the horizon of what Felix Guattari called “machinic capitalism”. (shrink)

Scientific discourse is rife with passages that appear to be ordinary descriptions of systems of interest in a particular discipline. Equally, the pages of textbooks and journals are filled with discussions of the properties and the behavior of those systems. Students of mechanics investigate at length the dynamical properties of a system consisting of two or three spinning spheres with homogenous mass distributions gravitationally interacting only with each other. Population biologists study the evolution of one species procreating at a constant (...) rate in an isolated ecosystem. And when studying the exchange of goods, economists consider a situation in which there are only two goods, two perfectly rational agents, no restrictions on available information, no transaction costs, no money, and dealings are done immediately. Their surface structure notwithstanding, no competent scientist would mistake descriptions of such systems as descriptions of an actual system: we know very well that there are no such systems. These descriptions are descriptions of a model-system, and scientists use model-systems to represent parts or aspects of the world they are interested in. Following common practice, I refer to those parts or aspects as target-systems. What are we to make of this? Is discourse about such models merely a picturesque and ultimately dispensable façon de parler? This was the view of some early twentieth century philosophers. Duhem (1906) famously guarded against confusing model building with scientific theorizing and argued that model building has no real place in science, beyond a minor heuristic role. The aim of science was, instead, to construct theories, with theories understood as classificatory or representative structures systematically presented and formulated in precise symbolic.. (shrink)

Este trabajo pretende preguntarse si, a pesar del “silencio” de Heidegger ante la teoría de los géneros poéticos de Hölderlin, no es esta misma teoría, y especialmente el poema lírico que caracteriza a la modernidad, la cuestión en la cual se apoya Heidegger para fundamentar su “historia del ser”, de modo que la noción fuerte de _historia _que se maneja en su obra y finalmente el término marcado _das Ereignis _estaría en sintonía con los “trayectos poéticos” que Hölderlin teoriza.

The valence–space metaphor research area investigates the metaphorical mapping of valenced concepts onto space. Research findings from this area indicate that positive, neutral, and negative concepts are associated with upward, midward, and downward locations, respectively, in the vertical plane. The same research area has also indicated that such concepts seem to have no preferential location on the horizontal plane. The approach–avoidance effect consists in decreasing the distance between positive stimuli and the body and increasing the distance between negative stimuli and (...) the body. Thus, the valence–space metaphor accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the vertical and horizontal planes, and the approach–avoidance effect accounts for the mapping of valenced concepts onto the “depth” plane. By using a cube conceived for the study of allocation of valenced concepts onto 3D space, we show in three studies that positive concepts are placed in upward locations and near the participants’ body, negative concepts are placed in downward locations and far from the participants’ body, and neutral concepts are placed in between these concepts in both planes. (shrink)

L'auteur reprend autour de Husserl, créateur de la phénoménologie, et de Xavier Zubiri le très ancien débat entre idéalisme et réalisme. Influencé par Husserl et Heidegger, Zubiri a élaboré un réalisme transcendantal qui corrige les erreurs du réalisme naïf et qui dépasse le réalisme critique. L'auteur illustre ce qu'il appelle un "combat de géants" et montre comment les deux hommes portent en avant la réflexion philosophique, tant dans sa méthodologie que dans ses positions métaphysiques les plus fondamentales.

Models are of central importance in many scientific contexts. The centrality of models such as inflationary models in cosmology, general-circulation models of the global climate, the double-helix model of DNA, evolutionary models in biology, agent-based models in the social sciences, and general-equilibrium models of markets in their respective domains is a case in point (the Other Internet Resources section at the end of this entry contains links to online resources that discuss these models). Scientists spend significant amounts of time building, (...) testing, comparing, and revising models, and much journal space is dedicated to interpreting and discussing the implications of models. In short, models are one of the principal instruments of modern science. (shrink)

Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, EarlyView.

With concerns about political apathy, it might be worth turning to a group that is challenging the political discourse and confronting institutions and policies head on. This article explores the ideas of two undocumented activists who are working to change the laws and politics that affect them. Using their work and dedication, this article discusses their dedication and their ideas for creating a new basis for a civics curriculum that goes beyond information and instead places other values at the center (...) of education. (shrink)

This paper discusses the concept of information formulated by Michael (Michał) Heller. Heller—a philosopher, theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and theologian—provided a complex image of information and its role in nature, which is rarely found in studies of information. Heller posited that the laws of nature may be interpreted as information, or as providing information, presenting this as a complementary view to scientific structuralism (not discussed in this paper). According to Heller, the informational content of a structure in nature is inversely proportional (...) to that structure’s degree of freedom. The more constrained or complex a structure is, and the less likely it is to exist, the more information it contains. In Heller’s view, the concept of information in Shannon’s Theory of Communication (ToC) is inadequate for expressing the notion of information beyond a numerical measure of a signal structure. Information in Heller’s research closely aligns with the concepts of Jacquette’s and Perzanowski’s combinatorial ontology (concepts not discussed in this paper) and the general theory of information (GTI) of Mark Burgin, although Heller did not explicitly make these connections. (shrink)

This long-awaited translation of Das literarische Kunstwerk makes available for the first time in English Roman Ingarden's influential study. Though it is inter-disciplinary in scope, situated as it is on the borderlines of ontology and logic, philosophy of literature and theory of language, Ingarden's work has a deliberately narrow focus: the literary work, its structure and mode of existence. The Literary Work of Art establishes the groundwork for a philosophy of literature, i.e., an ontology in terms of which the basic (...) general structure of all literary works can be determined. This "essential anatomy" makes basic tools and concepts available for rigorous and subtle aesthetic analysis. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with Chisholm's "adverbial theory of sensing". An attempt is made to give a literal statement of what it means "to sense redly" which is consistent with what Chisholm says about sensing and also meets various objections to adverbial theories. The paper concludes with a brief consideration of why it is that Chisholm does not offer an adverbial theory of perceiving, or of thinking in general, as well as of sensing.

En el Gorgias, Platón distingue el modo de ser y actuar propio del filósofofrente al modo de ser y actuar propio del retórico. Para esto, usa comocriterio a la misma retórica a partir de la distinción retórica aduladora – retóricacientífica. Frente a esto, Aristóteles realiza una toma de posición quereformula las críticas platónicas referentes a la posibilidad de una technêretórica. El presente texto confrontara las condiciones que según el Gorgiasdebe cumplir la retórica para llegar a ser technê con las características (...) que,según Aristóteles, tiene la retórica a partir de su relación con la dialéctica. (shrink)

This paper is concerned with Chisholm's "adverbial theory of sensing". An attempt is made to give a literal statement of what it means "to sense redly" which is consistent with what Chisholm says about sensing and also meets various objections to adverbial theories. The paper concludes with a brief consideration of why it is that Chisholm does not offer an adverbial theory of perceiving, or of thinking in general, as well as of sensing.

In philosophy, it is always refreshing to introduce unconventional ideas. It requires a certain audacity from the author; he or she may face the wall of silence or be shunned by academia, both treatments being undesirable. However, these are more rewarding than gathering laurels for beating the dead philosophical cats like Humes, Leibnitzs, Wittgensteins, Whiteheads, and others, a practice that for many philosophers is their life's opus. Bartłomiej Skowron’s book _Part and Whole: Towards Topo-Ontology_, published by Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej (...) in 2021, certainly does not fall into this category. Skowron undertakes a discovery trip into an unknown land in his book, exploring new philosophical territories. (shrink)

En este trabajo se interpreta un breve pasaje de Heidegger sobre la diferencia entre literatura y poesía y sobre el “insondable poder esencial” de la primera. Se argumenta cuáles son los rasgos fenomenológicos de ese “poder” que la distingue de la poesía, mostrando la problematicidad interna de tal distinción. Para poner en primer plano el sentido de ese “insondable poder esencial” de la literatura, se leerá brevemente El curioso impertinente, de El Quijote. La conclusión es que lo “insondable” del poder (...) de la literatura se encuentra en su ambivalencia, que es el medio de homologación y resistencia ante dicha homologación. (shrink)

This paper aims to read Das Schloß by F. Kafka from a phenomenological-hermeneutic investigation project, from where to identify the “poetical mark” of the novel. Assuming this methodological perspective, it will attempt to interpret the “poetical mark” of the novel in order to mark it as the guide which leads our whole interpretation of the text, in which the distance and differences between K. and the villagers will be described. Finally, we will confront with R. Calasso’s description of the castle (...) as a place of concretion of power according to our interpretation of the scheinbare Leere from the novel’s beginning and K.’s “title” of Landvermessen. (shrink)

A partir del análisis de algunas cuestiones hermenéuticas en la película Edipo rey, se defiende que uno de los aspectos centrales de la crítica a la sociedad de Pasolini es el allanamiento de la propiedad simbólica. Con ello, en este trabajo nos referiremos a la homologación consecuente de la sociedad de consumo que se manifiesta como una pérdida de lo sagrado. En esta línea, se analizan algunas cuestiones teóricas a propósito del pensamiento de Pasolini sobre el cine y se sostiene (...) que ese allanamiento de la propiedad simbólica es una condición de la posibilidad de “lo político” en nuestro tiempo. (shrink)

El acceso equitativo a la energía y a la vivienda es una preocupación básica de la justicia social. A pesar de los numerosos vínculos entre estos dos bienes esenciales, los marcos teóricos de la justicia y la pobreza energética se han referido casi exclusivamente a la cuestión de la vivienda en términos de la eficiencia energética de los edificios residenciales. En respuesta a esta carencia conceptual, se propone la reintegración del factor vivienda en el marco de la justicia y pobreza (...) energética a lo largo de los siguientes tres ejes: dimensiones materiales y temporales; dimensiones políticas; y dimensiones éticas y legales. Como ejemplo empírico de la importancia del nexo vivienda-energía en la práctica de la justicia social, se presenta el caso de dos movimientos sociales surgidos en Barcelona que trabajan con una perspectiva conjunta de derecho a la vivienda y a la energía: la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) y la Aliança contra la Pobresa Energètica (APE). El artículo subraya la importancia de la vivienda y la energía como fundamentos materiales de una vida digna y su naturaleza conflictiva como necesidades esenciales y bienes de mercado. (shrink)

Este trabajo presenta una interpretación fenomenológico-hermenéutica de la lectura heideggeriana del primer estásimo de la Antígona de Sófocles a través de su lectura de Hölderlin. Nos centraremos en uno de sus aspectos fundamentales que Heidegger expresa con la sentencia: la esencia del hombre es lo inquietante o inhóspito (das Unheimliche, traslación de Heidegger de la voz griega tò deinón). Este aspecto constituye el núcleo fenomenológico del problema del Heimischwerden (el regreso a casa). Nuestro objetivo será mostrar que el sentido de (...) la sentencia solo es sostenible en nuestra situación histórica, de modo que no tiene alcance ahistórico o supra-histórico. Con ello pretendemos ofrecer una hermenéutica del aspecto fenomenológico expresado con la palabra das Heimischwerden que conduzca a pensar en qué consiste el irremediable vínculo con lo familiar, lo doméstico, cuando nuestro mundo histórico es el de la ausencia de contenidos de antemano vinculantes. (shrink)

Este breve ensayo analiza la estructura de la vida estética, tanto en su faceta ontológica, como en su faceta antropológica vivencial, para mostrar que precisamente en ella, en tanto que discurre en esencial comercio con el mundo en los procesos de objetivación y encarna-ción del espíritu en la obra, se manifiesta y pone en juego la misteriosa realidad humana, espiritual y corpórea a la vez, lo que sirve para un mayor conocimiento de ella.

This paper presents a foundation of the intellectual artefact “hermeneutic concept” based on an interpretation of the “Deduction of pure aesthetic judgment” of the third Kantian Critique. Since the denomination for this artefact and the first characterization is found in a Heidegger course, I will proceed by offering the context of discussion in which it arises, namely, the Heideggerian interpretation of the Kantian transcendental schematism. Then, I will give the interpretation of the Deduction that allows us the foundation of the (...) “hermeneutic concept” and, once the route of that foundation is completed, two reading hypothesis will be outlined, one for the place of the third Kantian Critique in Heidegger’s work and another for the aesthetics in general and the Kantian aesthetic in particular. (shrink)

En este ensayo se hace una valoración de la situación actual de la estética y se estudia cuál es la aportación del pensamiento del filósofo español X. Zubiri a la misma. Para ello se reconstruye a grandes rasgos la historia del pensamiento estético hasta el momento actual de modo que sean claramente perceptibles las aportaciones a la estética de la propuesta del pensador español, a la vez que las posibilidades que abre para un desarrollo ulterior de esta disciplina. Para mostrar (...) las aportaciones a la estética de Zubiri se exponen las características fundamentales de su pensamiento en las que destaca su raigambre estrictamente metafísica. Esta raigambre metafísica permite evitar un reduccionismo hermenéutico de la estética tal y como ocurre según el autor en muchas propuestas actuales. Por otro lado, la propuesta zubiriana de incardinar lo estético en una facultad sustantiva como es el sentimiento afectante, permite evitar el intelectualismo y rescatar la autonomía de la dimensión estética de la realidad sin reducirla al bien ni el ser neutro. La propuesta es una alternativa a la teoría de Max Scheler que, no obstante, vuelve a hacerse cargo de la estructura transcendental de la realidad como ocurría en la gran tradición metafísica occidental. (shrink)

RESUMENEl presente artículo trata de poner de manifiesto con motivo del cincuentenario de la muerte de K. Mannheim la actualdiad de su pensamiento del período anglosajón. Se analiza cómo los procesos históricos fruto del desarrollo desproporcionado de las capacidades humanas -moral e instrumental- han abocado en la sociedad masa. También se trata de poner de manifiesto el nuevo sentido de la libertad y la planificación en las sociedades altamente desarrolladas, así como las nuevas posibilidades de democratización que se abren en (...) su seno, tomando como marco de referencia una "democracia militante" cuyo fundamento es la convicción básica de que el proceso democrático no es un mero procedimiento formal.PALABRAS CLAVEMANNHEIM-LIBERTAD-PLANIFICACIONABSTRACTOn the ocassion of the fiftieth anniversary of the death of K. Mannheim, this paper tries to highlight the presnet day validity of his ideas of the last period. i analyze how historic processed caused by disproportionate development of human capacities- both moral and instrumental- have led to a "mass society". I also try to point out the new sense that the concepts of freedom and planning acquire in highly developed societies and also the new posibilities of democratization that emerge in the heart of these, taking as a point of reference a militant democracy" whose foundation is the basic conviction that the democratic process is not a mere formal procedure. KEYWORDSMANNHEIM-FREEDOM-PLANNING. (shrink)

This paper aims to prepare a broad discussion with general linguistics that would be articulated in the form of a critique. The framework of this preparation will be the implicit dialogue that arguably took place between Heidegger and late modern linguistics. To carry out this preparation, I provide a brief definition of what is understood by late modern linguistics. I also present its constitutive features and what internal problems can be observed in it from Heidegger’s perspective. Finally, I deal with (...) one of its fundamental features, namely, the problem of the distinction between the linguistic and the extralinguistic, which is discussed from the perspective of an interpretation of the Heideggerian analysis of some verses by Hölderlin. (shrink)