Philosophy of Cognitive Science > Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence

Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence

Edited by Eric Dietrich (State University of New York at Binghamton)
About this topic
Summary

The philosophy of artificial intelligence is a collection of issues primarily concerned with whether or not AI is possible -- with whether or not it is possible to build an intelligent thinking machine.  Also of concern is whether humans and other animals are best thought of as machines (computational robots, say) themselves. The most important of the "whether-possible" problems lie at the intersection of theories of the semantic contents of thought and the nature of computation. A second suite of problems surrounds the nature of rationality. A third suite revolves around the seeming “transcendent” reasoning powers of the human mind. These problems derive from Kurt Gödel's famous Incompleteness Theorem.  A fourth collection of problems concerns the architecture of an intelligent machine.  Should a thinking computer use discrete or continuous modes of computing and representing, is having a body necessary, and is being conscious necessary.  This takes us to the final set of questions. Can a computer be conscious?  Can a computer have a moral sense? Would we have duties to thinking computers, to robots?  For example, is it moral for humans to even attempt to build an intelligent machine?  If we did build such a machine, would turning it off be the equivalent of murder?  If we had a race of such machines, would it be immoral to force them to work for us?
Key works Probably the most important attack on whether AI is possible is John Searle's famous Chinese Room Argument: Searle 1980.  This attack focuses on the semantic aspects (mental semantics) of thoughts, thinking, and computing.   For some replies to this argument, see the same 1980 journal issue as Searle's original paper.  For the problem of the nature of rationality, see Pylyshyn 1987.  An especially strong attack on AI from this angle is Jerry Fodor's work on the frame problem: Fodor 1987.  On the frame problem in general, see McCarthy & Hayes 1969.  For some replies to Fodor and advances on the frame problem, see Ford & Pylyshyn 1996.  For the transcendent reasoning issue, a central and important paper is Hilary Putnam's Putnam 1960.  This paper is arguably the source for the computational turn in 1960s-70s philosophy of mind.  For architecture-of-mind issues, see, for starters: M. Spivey's The Contintuity of Mind, Oxford, which argues against the notion of discrete representations. See also, Gelder & Port 1995.  For an argument for discrete representations, see, Dietrich & Markman 2003.  For an argument that the mind's boundaries do not end at the body's boundaries, see, Clark & Chalmers 1998.  For a statement of and argument for computationalism -- the thesis that the mind is a kind of computer -- see Shimon Edelman's excellent book Edelman 2008. See also Chapter 9 of Chalmers's book Chalmers 1996.
Introductions Chinese Room Argument: Searle 1980. Frame problem: Fodor 1987, Computationalism and Godelian style refutation: Putnam 1960. Architecture: M. Spivey's The Contintuity of Mind, Oxford and Shimon Edelman's Edelman 2008. Ethical issues: Anderson & Anderson 2011.  Conscious computers: Chalmers 2011.
Related categories
Subcategories:
Can Machines Think? (1,997 | 382)
The Turing Test (445)
Godelian Arguments Against AI (263)
The Chinese Room (256)
Machine Consciousness (325)
Machine Mentality, Misc (326)
Computation and Representation (708 | 106)
Symbols and Symbol Systems (282)
Computational Semantics (83)
Implicit/Explicit Rules and Representations (68)
AI without Representation? (40)
Representation in Connectionism* (106)
Subsymbolic Computation* (33)
Computation and Representation, Misc (129)
Connectionism and Neural Networks (887 | 482)
Connectionism and Compositionality (68)
Representation in Connectionism* (106)
Connectionism and Eliminativism (23)
The Connectionist/Classical Debate (47)
Subsymbolic Computation* (33)
Philosophy of Connectionism, Misc (97)
Philosophy of Connectionism, Foundational Empirical Issues (31)
Areas of Artificial Intelligence (1,086 | 258)
Artificial Life* (228)
Computer Vision (3)
Cybernetics (166)
Dynamical Systems (213)
The Frame Problem (72)
Machine Learning (34)
Natural Language Processing (31)
Areas of Artificial Intelligence, Misc (26)
Robotics (283)
Computationalism (538 | 538)
Computationalism in Cognitive Science* (578)
Computation and Physical Systems* (513 | 4)
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (1,232 | 1)
Artificial Intelligence Safety* (124)
Moral Status of Artificial Systems (342)
Robot Ethics* (323)
Machine Ethics (340)
Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, Misc (549)
Impact of Artificial Intelligence (663 | 44)
Artificial Intelligence Safety* (124)
Cyborgs (12)
Mind Uploading (37)
The Singularity (69)
Transhumanism (357)
Impact of Artificial Intelligence, Misc (20)
Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, Miscellaneous (741 | 368)
Artificial Intelligence Methodology (101)
The Nature of Artificial Intelligence (105)
Philosophy of AI, General Works (53)
Philosophy of AI, Misc (114)
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  1. A Puzzle concerning Compositionality in Machines.Ryan M. Nefdt - forthcoming - Minds and Machines:1-29.
    This paper attempts to describe and address a specific puzzle related to compositionality in artificial networks such as Deep Neural Networks and machine learning in general. The puzzle identified here touches on a larger debate in Artificial Intelligence related to epistemic opacity but specifically focuses on computational applications of human level linguistic abilities or properties and a special difficulty with relation to these. Thus, the resulting issue is both general and unique. A partial solution is suggested.
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  2. Ethical Implications of Closed Loop Brain Device: 10-Year Review.Swati Aggarwal & Nupur Chugh - forthcoming - Minds and Machines:1-26.
    Closed Loop medical devices such as Closed Loop Deep Brain Stimulation and Brain Computer Interface are some of the emerging neurotechnologies. New generations of implantable brain–computer interfaces have recently gained success in human clinical trials. These implants detect specific neuronal patterns and provide the subject with information to respond to these patterns. Further, Closed Loop brain devices give control to the subject so that he can respond and decide on a therapeutic goal. Although the implants have improved subjects’ quality of (...)
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  3. The AI Human Condition is a Dilemma Between Authenticity and Freedom.James Brusseau - manuscript
    Big data and predictive analytics applied to economic life is forcing individuals to choose between authenticity and freedom. The fact of the choice cuts philosophy away from the traditional understanding of the two values as entwined. This essay describes why the split is happening, how new conceptions of authenticity and freedom are rising, and the human experience of the dilemma between them. Also, this essay participates in recent philosophical intersections with Shoshana Zuboff’s work on surveillance capitalism, but the investigation connects (...)
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  4. Digital akrasia: a qualitative study of phubbing.Jesper Aagaard - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):237-244.
    The present article focuses on the issue of ignoring conversational partners in favor of one’s phone, or what has also become known as phubbing. Prior research has shown that this behavior is associated with a host of negative interpersonal consequences. Since phubbing by definition entails adverse effects, however, it is interesting to explore why people continue to engage in this hurtful behavior: Are they unaware that phubbing is hurtful to others? Or do they simply not care? Building on interviews with (...)
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  5. Dance of the Artificial Alignment and Ethics.Karamjit S. Gill - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):1-4.
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  6. Artificial Intelligence: Consciousness and Conscience.Gunter Meissner - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):225-235.
    Our society is in the middle of the AI revolution. We discuss several applications of AI, in particular medical causality, where deep-learning neural networks screen through big data bases, extracting associations between a patient’s condition and possible causes. While beneficial in medicine, several questionable AI trading strategies have emerged in finance. Though advantages in many aspects of our lives, serious threats of AI exist. We suggest several regulatory measures to reduce these threats. We further discuss whether ‘full AI robots’ should (...)
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  7. AI Recognition of Differences Among Book-Length Texts.Stephen J. DeCanio - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):135-146.
    Can an Artificial Intelligence make distinctions among major works of politics, philosophy, and fiction without human assistance? In this paper, latent semantic analysis is used to find patterns in a relatively small sample of notable works archived by Project Gutenberg. It is shown that an LSA-equipped AI can distinguish quite sharply between fiction and non-fiction works, and can detect some differences between political philosophy and history, and between conventional fiction and fantasy/science fiction. It is conjectured that this capability is a (...)
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  8. An invitation to critical social science of big data: from critical theory and critical research to omniresistance.Ulaş Başar Gezgin - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):187-195.
    How a social science of big data would look like? In this article, we exemplify such a social science through a number of cases. We start our discussion with the epistemic qualities of big data. We point out to the fact that contrary to the big data champions, big data is neither new nor a miracle without any error nor reliable and rigorous as assumed by its cheer leaders. Secondly, we identify three types of big data: natural big data, artificial (...)
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  9. The Borg–eye and the We–I. The production of a collective living body through wearable computers.Nicola Liberati - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):39-49.
    The aim of this work is to analyze the constitution of a new collective subject thanks to wearable computers. Wearable computers are emerging technologies which are supposed to become pervasively used in the near future. They are devices designed to be on us every single moment of our life and to capture every experience we have. Therefore, we need to be prepared to such intrusive devices and to analyze potential effect they will have on us and our society. Thanks to (...)
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  10. Digital hermeneutics: from interpreting with machines to interpretational machines.Alberto Romele, Marta Severo & Paolo Furia - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):73-86.
    Today, there is an emerging interest for the potential role of hermeneutics in reflecting on the practices related to digital technologies and their consequences. Nonetheless, such an interest has neither given rise to a unitary approach nor to a shared debate. The primary goal of this paper is to map and synthetize the different existing perspectives to pave the way for an open discussion on the topic. The article is developed in two steps. In the first section, the authors analyze (...)
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  11. Potential of full human–machine symbiosis through truly intelligent cognitive systems.Ron Sun - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):17-28.
    It is highly likely that, to achieve full human–machine symbiosis, truly intelligent cognitive systems—human-like —may have to be developed first. Such systems should not only be capable of performing human-like thinking, reasoning, and problem solving, but also be capable of displaying human-like motivation, emotion, and personality. In this opinion article, I will argue that such systems are indeed possible and needed to achieve true and full symbiosis with humans. A computational cognitive architecture is used in this article to illustrate, in (...)
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  12. Legal framework for small autonomous agricultural robots.Subhajit Basu, Adekemi Omotubora, Matt Beeson & Charles Fox - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):113-134.
    Legal structures may form barriers to, or enablers of, adoption of precision agriculture management with small autonomous agricultural robots. This article develops a conceptual regulatory framework for small autonomous agricultural robots, from a practical, self-contained engineering guide perspective, sufficient to get working research and commercial agricultural roboticists quickly and easily up and running within the law. The article examines the liability framework, or rather lack of it, for agricultural robotics in EU, and their transpositions to UK law, as a case (...)
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  13. Is it possible to cure Internet addiction with the Internet?William Liu, Farhaan Mirza, Ajit Narayanan & Seng Souligna - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):245-255.
    Significant technological advancements over the last two decades have led to enhanced accessibility to computing devices and the Internet. Our society is experiencing an ever-growing integration of the Internet into everyday lives, and this has transformed the way we obtain and exchange information, communicate and interact with one another as well as conduct business. However, the term ‘Internet addiction’ has emerged from problematic and excessive Internet usage which leads to the development of addictive cyber-behaviours, causing health and social problems. The (...)
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  14. The role of robotics and AI in technologically mediated human evolution: a constructive proposal.Jeffrey White - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):177-185.
    This paper proposes that existing computational modeling research programs may be combined into platforms for the information of public policy. The main idea is that computational models at select levels of organization may be integrated in natural terms describing biological cognition, thereby normalizing a platform for predictive simulations able to account for both human and environmental costs associated with different action plans and institutional arrangements over short and long time spans while minimizing computational requirements. Building from established research programs, the (...)
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  15. Bird Song Diamond in Deep Space 8k.John Brumley, Charles Taylor, Reiji Suzuki, Takashi Ikegami, Victoria Vesna & Hiroo Iwata - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):87-101.
    The Bird Song Diamond project is a series of multifaceted and multidisciplinary installations with the aim of bringing contemporary research on bird communication to a large public audience. Using art and technology to create immersive experiences, BSD allows large audiences to embody bird communication rather than passively observe. In particular, BSD Mimic, a system for mimicking bird song, asks participants to grapple with both audition and vocalization of birdsong. The use of interactive installations for public outreach provides unique experiences to (...)
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  16. The contradictions of digital modernity.Kieron O’Hara - 2020 - AI and Society 35 (1):197-208.
    This paper explores the concept of digital modernity, the extension of narratives of modernity with the special affordances of digital networked technology. Digital modernity produces a new narrative which can be taken in many ways: to be descriptive of reality; a teleological account of an inexorable process; or a normative account of an ideal sociotechnical state. However, it is understood that narratives of digital modernity help shape reality via commercial and political decision-makers, and examples are given from the politics and (...)
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  17. Transparency in Complex Computational Systems.Kathleen A. Creel - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science.
    Scientists depend on complex computational systems that are often ineliminably opaque, to the detriment of our ability to give scientific explanations and detect artifacts. Some philosophers have suggested treating opaque systems instrumentally, but computer scientists developing strategies for increasing transparency are correct in finding this unsatisfying. Instead, I propose an analysis of transparency as having three forms: transparency of the algorithm, the realization of the algorithm in code, and the way that code is run on particular hardware and data. This (...)
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  18. In Defense of the Turing Test.Eric Neufeld & Sonje Finnestad - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-9.
    In 2014, widespread reports in the popular media that a chatbot named Eugene Goostman had passed the Turing test became further grist for those who argue that the diversionary tactics of chatbots like Goostman and others, such as those who participate in the Loebner competition, are enabled by the open-ended dialog of the Turing test. Some claim a new kind of test of machine intelligence is needed, and one community has advanced the Winograd schema competition to address this gap. We (...)
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  19. The Revelation of Superintelligence.Konrad Szocik, Bartłomiej Tkacz & Patryk Gulczyński - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-4.
    The idea of superintelligence is a source of mainly philosophical and ethical considerations. Those considerations are rooted in the idea that an entity which is more intelligent than humans, may evolve in some point in the future. For obvious reasons, the superintelligence is considered as a kind of existential threat for humanity. In this essay, we discuss two ideas. One of them is the putative nature of future superintelligence which does not necessary need to be harmful for humanity. Our key (...)
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  20. Enactive Hermeneutics and Smart Medical Technologies.Jan Kyrre Berg Olsen Friis - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-9.
    Embodied cognition is an interpretative—or hermeneutical—cognition inherent in motor-sensory perception intrinsically informed by biological and sociocultural memory, a cognition embedded in the organism as well as the socio-cultural environment interacting with it, of which technologies are a part. Yet, smart machines are advancing on human abilities to perceive and interpret concerning the accuracy, quantity, and quality of the data processed. Machines process and categorize images, perform classification tasks, they calculate and perform pattern analysis, all machine learning processes are task-specific. Machine (...)
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  21. Calibrating Generative Models: The Probabilistic Chomsky-Schützenberger Hierarchy.Thomas Icard - forthcoming - Journal of Mathematical Psychology 95.
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  22. The Ethics of AI Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines.Thilo Hagendorff - forthcoming - Minds and Machines:1-22.
    Current advances in research, development and application of artificial intelligence systems have yielded a far-reaching discourse on AI ethics. In consequence, a number of ethics guidelines have been released in recent years. These guidelines comprise normative principles and recommendations aimed to harness the “disruptive” potentials of new AI technologies. Designed as a semi-systematic evaluation, this paper analyzes and compares 22 guidelines, highlighting overlaps but also omissions. As a result, I give a detailed overview of the field of AI ethics. Finally, (...)
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  23. Concordance as Evidence in the Watson for Oncology Decision-Support System.Aaro Tupasela & Ezio Di Nucci - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-8.
    Machine learning platforms have emerged as a new promissory technology that some argue will revolutionize work practices across a broad range of professions, including medical care. During the past few years, IBM has been testing its Watson for Oncology platform at several oncology departments around the world. Published reports, news stories, as well as our own empirical research show that in some cases, the levels of concordance over recommended treatment protocols between the platform and human oncologists have been quite low. (...)
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  24. The Joi of Holograms.Paul Smart - 2020 - In Timothy Shanahan & Paul R. Smart (eds.), Blade Runner 2049: A Philosophical Exploration. Abingdon, UK: pp. 127–148.
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  25. Human-Extended Machine Cognition.Paul Smart - 2018 - Cognitive Systems Research 49:9–23.
    Human-extended machine cognition is a specific form of artificial intelligence in which the casually-active physical vehicles of machine-based cognitive states and processes include one or more human agents. Human-extended machine cognition is thus a specific form of extended cognition that sees human agents as constituent parts of the physical fabric that realizes machine-based cognitive capabilities. This idea is important, not just because of its impact on current philosophical debates about the extended character of human cognition, but also because it helps (...)
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  26. Dynamical Emergence Theory : A Computational Account of Phenomenal Consciousness.Roy Moyal, Tomer Fekete & Shimon Edelman - forthcoming - Minds and Machines:1-21.
    Scientific theories of consciousness identify its contents with the spatiotemporal structure of neural population activity. We follow up on this approach by stating and motivating Dynamical Emergence Theory, which defines the amount and structure of experience in terms of the intrinsic topology and geometry of a physical system’s collective dynamics. Specifically, we posit that distinct perceptual states correspond to coarse-grained macrostates reflecting an optimal partitioning of the system’s state space—a notion that aligns with several ideas and results from computational neuroscience (...)
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  27. Is Tomorrow’s Car Appealing Today? Ethical Issues and User Attitudes Beyond Automation.Darja Vrščaj, Sven Nyholm & Geert P. J. Verbong - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-14.
    The literature on ethics and user attitudes towards AVs discusses user concerns in relation to automation; however, we show that there are additional relevant issues at stake. To assess adolescents’ attitudes regarding the ‘car of the future’ as presented by car manufacturers, we conducted two studies with over 400 participants altogether. We used a mixed methods approach in which we combined qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first study, our respondents appeared to be more concerned about other aspects of AVs (...)
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  28. A Formal Semantics for Concept Understanding Relying on Description Logics.Farshad Badie - 2017 - In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. pp. 42-52.
    In this research, Description Logics (DLs) will be employed for logical description, logical characterisation, logical modelling and ontological description of concept understanding in terminological systems. It’s strongly believed that using a formal descriptive logic could support us in revealing logical assumptions whose discovery may lead us to a better understanding of ‘concept understanding’. The Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) model as an appropriate model of increasing complexity of humans’ understanding has supported the formal analysis.
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  29. A Description Logic Based Knowledge Representation Model for Concept Understanding.Farshad Badie - 2017 - In Jasper van den Herik, A. Rocha & J. Filipe (eds.), Agents and Artificial Intelligence. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
    This research employs Description Logics in order to focus on logical description and analysis of the phenomenon of ‘concept understanding’. The article will deal with a formal-semantic model for figuring out the underlying logical assumptions of ‘concept understanding’ in knowledge representation systems. In other words, it attempts to describe a theoretical model for concept understanding and to reflect the phenomenon of ‘concept understanding’ in terminological knowledge representation systems. Finally, it will design an ontology that schemes the structure of concept understanding (...)
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  30. The Missing G.Erez Firt - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-13.
    Artificial general intelligence is not a new notion, but it has certainly been gaining traction in recent years, and academic as well as industry resources are redirected to research in AGI. The main reason for this is that current AI techniques are limited as they are designed to operate in specific problem-domains, following meticulous preparation. These systems cannot operate in an unknown environment or under conditions of uncertainty, reuse knowledge gained in another problem domain, or autonomously learn and understand the (...)
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  31. Visual Design for a Mobile Pandemic Map System for Public Health.May O. Lwin, Janelle S. Ng, Karthikayen Jayasundar, Astrid Kensinger & Sheryl W. Tan - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-12.
    Incidence and prevalence rates of dengue have increased over the years, and the disease is quickly becoming cause for concern within the public health community. Globally, 128 countries and slightly under four billion people are at risk of contracting dengue. In Sri Lanka, more than half of dengue cases originate in Colombo, which in previous years, used a manual pen-and-paper data management system, which meant that it was not possible to obtain or provide up-to-date information about the severity and spread (...)
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  32. The Cognitive Sciences: A Comment on 6 Reviews of the MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences.Robert A. Wilson - 2001 - Artificial Intelligence 2 (130):223-229.
    As the pluralization in the title of MITECS suggests, and as many reviewers have noted, the stance that we adopted as general editors for this project was ecumenical. We were particularly concerned to generate a volume whose range of topics and perspectives indicated that “cognitive science” was different things to different groups of researchers, and that many even fundamental questions remain open after at least four decades of various interdisciplinary ventures. Implicit in this view is a wariness of any putative (...)
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  33. Algorithms and Values in Justice and Security.Paul Hayes, Ibo van de Poel & Marc Steen - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-23.
    This article presents a conceptual investigation into the value impacts and relations of algorithms in the domain of justice and security. As a conceptual investigation, it represents one step in a value sensitive design based methodology. Here, we explicate and analyse the expression of values of accuracy, privacy, fairness and equality, property and ownership, and accountability and transparency in this context. We find that values are sensitive to disvalue if algorithms are designed, implemented or deployed inappropriately or without sufficient consideration (...)
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  34. Sabanci University Launches Industrial PhD Programme in Action Research.Richard Ennals - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-1.
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  35. “ Oh, Dignity too?” Said the Robot: Human Dignity as the Basis for the Governance of Robotics.Lexo Zardiashvili & Eduard Fosch-Villaronga - forthcoming - Minds and Machines:1-23.
    Healthcare robots enable practices that seemed far-fetched in the past. Robots might be the solution to bridge the loneliness that the elderly often experience; they may help wheelchair users walk again, or may help navigate the blind. European Institutions, however, acknowledge that human contact is an essential aspect of personal care and that the insertion of robots could dehumanize caring practices. Such instances of human–robot interactions raise the question to what extent the use and development of robots for healthcare applications (...)
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  36. The Mediator Role of Robot Anxiety on the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and the Attitude Toward Interaction with Robots.Serkan Erebak & Tülay Turgut - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-7.
    Robots that can communicate with people are one of the goals reached by the technology developed for automation in work life. Experts aim to improve the communication skills of these robots further in the near future. Besides, various studies emphasize that people may interact with robots in a similar way as they interact with other people. In line of this idea, this study examines the possible causal chain in which the social anxiety affects the robot anxiety which in turn affects (...)
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  37. Technoperformances: Using Metaphors From the Performance Arts for a Postphenomenology and Posthermeneutics of Technology Use.Mark Coeckelbergh - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-12.
    Postphenomenology and posthermeneutics as initiated by Ihde have made important contributions to conceptualizing understanding human–technology relations. However, their focus on individual perception, artifacts, and static embodiment has its limitations when it comes to understanding the embodied use of technology as involving bodily movement, social, and taking place within, and configuring, a temporal horizon. To account for these dimensions of experience, action, and existence with technology, this paper proposes to use a conceptual framework based on performance metaphors. Drawing on metaphors from (...)
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  38. On Conflicts Between Ethical and Logical Principles in Artificial Intelligence.Giuseppe D’Acquisto - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-6.
    Artificial intelligence is nowadays a reality. Setting rules on the potential outcomes of intelligent machines, so that no surprise can be expected by humans from the behavior of those machines, is becoming a priority for policy makers. In its recent Communication “Artificial Intelligence for Europe”, for instance, the European Commission identifies the distinguishing trait of an intelligent machine in the presence of “a certain degree of autonomy” in decision making, in the light of the context. The crucial issue to be (...)
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  39. Culture Codes of Scientific Concepts in Global Scientific Online Discourse.Dina I. Spicheva & Ekaterina V. Polyanskaya - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-16.
    This paper utilizes Rapaille’s concept of culture codes and Hall’s encoding and decoding model of communication to identify the culture codes of scientific concepts in global scientific online discourse. As an example, we attempted to identify the culture codes of the concept of “image”, because this concept can be interpreted in different ways in Russian and international scientific discourse. To identify these codes, we analyzed the interpretations of the concept of “image” in scientific online discourse in Russia and abroad. We (...)
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  40. In AI We Trust? Perceptions About Automated Decision-Making by Artificial Intelligence.Theo Araujo, Natali Helberger, Sanne Kruikemeier & Claes H. De Vreese - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-13.
    Fueled by ever-growing amounts of data and advances in artificial intelligence, decision-making in contemporary societies is increasingly delegated to automated processes. Drawing from social science theories and from the emerging body of research about algorithmic appreciation and algorithmic perceptions, the current study explores the extent to which personal characteristics can be linked to perceptions of automated decision-making by AI, and the boundary conditions of these perceptions, namely the extent to which such perceptions differ across media, health, and judicial contexts. Data (...)
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  41. On Conflicts Between Ethical and Logical Principles in Artificial Intelligence.Giuseppe D’Acquisto - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-6.
    Artificial intelligence is nowadays a reality. Setting rules on the potential outcomes of intelligent machines, so that no surprise can be expected by humans from the behavior of those machines, is becoming a priority for policy makers. In its recent Communication “Artificial Intelligence for Europe”, for instance, the European Commission identifies the distinguishing trait of an intelligent machine in the presence of “_a certain degree of autonomy_” in decision making, in the light of the context. The crucial issue to be (...)
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  42. The Mediator Role of Robot Anxiety on the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and the Attitude Toward Interaction with Robots.Serkan Erebak & Tülay Turgut - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-7.
    Robots that can communicate with people are one of the goals reached by the technology developed for automation in work life. Experts aim to improve the communication skills of these robots further in the near future. Besides, various studies emphasize that people may interact with robots in a similar way as they interact with other people. In line of this idea, this study examines the possible causal chain in which the social anxiety affects the robot anxiety which in turn affects (...)
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  43. Technoperformances: Using Metaphors From the Performance Arts for a Postphenomenology and Posthermeneutics of Technology Use.Mark Coeckelbergh - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-12.
    Postphenomenology and posthermeneutics as initiated by Ihde have made important contributions to conceptualizing understanding human–technology relations. However, their focus on individual perception, artifacts, and static embodiment has its limitations when it comes to understanding the embodied use of technology as involving bodily movement, social, and taking place within, and configuring, a temporal horizon. To account for these dimensions of experience, action, and existence with technology, this paper proposes to use a conceptual framework based on performance metaphors. Drawing on metaphors from (...)
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  44. The Design of GDPR-Abiding Drones Through Flight Operation Maps: A Win–Win Approach to Data Protection, Aerospace Engineering, and Risk Management.Eleonora Bassi, Nicoletta Bloise, Jacopo Dirutigliano, Gian Piero Fici, Ugo Pagallo, Stefano Primatesta & Fulvia Quagliotti - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (4):579-601.
    Risk management is a well-known method to face technological challenges through a win–win combination of protective and proactive approaches, fostering the collaboration of operators, researchers, regulators, and industries for the exploitation of new markets. In the field of autonomous and unmanned aerial systems, or UAS, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to risk analysis, the generation of ground risk maps, and ground risk assessment by estimating the fatality rate. The paper aims to expand this approach with a tool (...)
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  45. The Design of GDPR-Abiding Drones Through Flight Operation Maps: A Win–Win Approach to Data Protection, Aerospace Engineering, and Risk Management.Eleonora Bassi, Nicoletta Bloise, Jacopo Dirutigliano, Gian Piero Fici, Ugo Pagallo, Stefano Primatesta & Fulvia Quagliotti - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (4):579-601.
    Risk management is a well-known method to face technological challenges through a win–win combination of protective and proactive approaches, fostering the collaboration of operators, researchers, regulators, and industries for the exploitation of new markets. In the field of autonomous and unmanned aerial systems, or UAS, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to risk analysis, the generation of ground risk maps, and ground risk assessment by estimating the fatality rate. The paper aims to expand this approach with a tool (...)
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  46. Ethics of AI and Cybersecurity When Sovereignty is at Stake.Paul Timmers - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (4):635-645.
    Sovereignty and strategic autonomy are felt to be at risk today, being threatened by the forces of rising international tensions, disruptive digital transformations and explosive growth of cybersecurity incidents. The combination of AI and cybersecurity is at the sharp edge of this development and raises many ethical questions and dilemmas. In this commentary, I analyse how we can understand the ethics of AI and cybersecurity in relation to sovereignty and strategic autonomy. The analysis is followed by policy recommendations, some of (...)
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  47. Algorithmic Decision-Making and the Control Problem.John Zerilli, Alistair Knott, James Maclaurin & Colin Gavaghan - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (4):555-578.
    The danger of human operators devolving responsibility to machines and failing to detect cases where they fail has been recognised for many years by industrial psychologists and engineers studying the human operators of complex machines. We call it “the control problem”, understood as the tendency of the human within a human–machine control loop to become complacent, over-reliant or unduly diffident when faced with the outputs of a reliable autonomous system. While the control problem has been investigated for some time, up (...)
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  48. A Common Frame for Formal Imagination.Joan Casas-Roma, M. Elena Rodríguez & Antonia Huertas - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (4):603-634.
    In this paper, we review three influential theories of imagination in order to understand how the dynamics of imagination acts could be modeled using formal languages. While reviewing them, we notice that they are not detailed enough to account for all the mechanisms involved in creating and developing imaginary worlds. We claim those theories could be further refined into what we call the Common Frame for Imagination Acts, which defines a framework that can be used to study the dynamics of (...)
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  49. The Pragmatic Turn in Explainable Artificial Intelligence.Andrés Páez - 2019 - Minds and Machines 29 (3):441-459.
    In this paper I argue that the search for explainable models and interpretable decisions in AI must be reformulated in terms of the broader project of offering a pragmatic and naturalistic account of understanding in AI. Intuitively, the purpose of providing an explanation of a model or a decision is to make it understandable to its stakeholders. But without a previous grasp of what it means to say that an agent understands a model or a decision, the explanatory strategies will (...)
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  50. Hand Rehabilitation Assessment System Using Leap Motion Controller.Miri Weiss Cohen & Daniele Regazzoni - forthcoming - AI and Society:1-14.
    This paper presents an approach for monitoring exercises of hand rehabilitation for post stroke patients. The developed solution uses a leap motion controller as hand-tracking device and embeds a supervised machine learning. The K-nearest neighbor methodology is adopted for automatically characterizing the physiotherapist or helper hand movement resulting a unique movement pattern that constitutes the basis of the rehabilitation process. In the second stage, an evaluation of the patients rehabilitation exercises results is compared to the movement pattern of the patient (...)
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