Este artículo se ocupa de la publicación de la Biblioteca Personal Jorge Luis Borges, su contexto dentro del auge de la llamada "cultura espectáculo", sus "precursores" fundamentales (Schwob, Machen, Plinio, Solino, Eliano) y la relación con autores contemporáneos, como el argentino Julio Cortázar o el mexicano Juan José Arreola. Asimismo, se comenta la particular recreación poética borgiana de algunos pasajes de Virgilio, como la hipálage del libro νι de la Eneida. El objetivo es comprender los mecanismos literarios de los que (...) se vale Borges como lector de los autores que ha elegido como "precursores". (shrink)

The present work studies the history and pre-history of the Institute of Spirituality, from its origins as a special doctorate in the Faculty of Theology, to its birth as an autonomous Institute of said Faculty, structured with the grades of Diploma in Spirituality, Licence and Doctorate in the Faculty of Theology. It treats of the most important contributions of the Institute's professors who are best known internationally within the field of spiritual theology, such as J. de Guibert, L. Hertling, C. (...) VI. Truhlar, L. Mendizábal, C. Bernard. The areas most fully developed by this Institute concern the object, method and specific scope of spiritual theology; the biblical foundations of spirituality and of the method and application of the Spiritual Exercises of Saint Ignatius of Loyola; the particularities of Ignatian spirituality and of apostolic spirituality; spiritual discernment, the charisms and graces of vocations to particular Institutes within the Church. (shrink)

La Constitución dogmática Lumen gentium ha rescatado desde la tradición cristiana la expresión Iglesia doméstica para referirse a la familia. Dicha expresión posee en sí misma una riqueza incalculable al momento de descubrir el misterio de la esencia y misión de la familia cristiana, por lo que aporta elementos fundamentales para la elaboración de una teología de la familia. Es por este motivo que la presente investigación pretende levantar una propuesta de lectura eclesiológica de la Iglesia doméstica, a partir de (...) cuatro claves de lectura: cristológica, sacramental, pneumatológica y escatológica. The dogmatic Constitution Lumen gentium has rescued from Christian tradition, the expression Domestic Church referred to the family. Such expression possess in itself an invaluable richness considering that discovers the essence and the mission of Christian family. That´s why it contributes with fundamental matters to the elaboration of a Theology of the Family. For this reason, this research pretends to raise a proposal of ecclesiological reading of Domestic Church, based in four key reading points: Christological, sacramental, pneumatological and eschatological. (shrink)

In this research we analyzed the relationship between threatening economic contexts and trust in authoritarian ideologies and leaders, regardless of the left–right political axis. Based on two theoretical approaches, we argue that this relationship is mediated by dangerous worldview and low perceived sociopolitical control. We conducted two correlational studies with samples of the general population. In Study 1, we found that perceived threat from the economic crisis and low socioeconomic status were correlated with a higher dangerous worldview, which resulted in (...) a more authoritarian ideology and finally in greater trust in an authoritarian political leader. In Study 2, we replicated the findings of Study 1 and demonstrated that low perceived sociopolitical control was associated with higher authoritarianism. Moreover, low perceived sociopolitical control partially mediated the relationship between dangerous worldview and authoritarianism. Overall, our results show that two economically threatening contexts promote authoritarianism and trust in authoritarian leaders through psychological processes. These results are useful to understand and combat the rise of authoritarianism in our societies during financially difficult times such as economic crises. (shrink)

We consider the first-order finite-difference expression of the commutator between d / dx and x. This is the appropriate setting in which to propose commutators and time operators for a quantum system with an arbitrary potential function and a discrete energy spectrum. The resulting commutators are identified as universal lowering and raising operators. We also find time operators which are finite-difference derivations with respect to the energy. The matrix elements of the commutator in the energy representation are analyzed, and we (...) find consistency with the equality \. We apply the theory to the particle in an infinite well and for the Harmonic oscillator as examples. (shrink)

The enthymeme is essential because it reflects what humans do when they think. It provides an effective pedagogical approach to the analysis and synthesis of ideas in the classroom. In this volume, such an approach is applied to various areas of content for the purpose of helping students prepare themselves for the challenges of modern life.

Eschatological beliefs have matured alongside both biblical composition and Christian history. This evolution can be traced using cultural evolutionary studies. The process reflects attempts to adapt to new conditions and challenges—sometimes giving place to more focused views, but also sometimes to failures and dysfunctional forms or fruitless variations. It becomes a theological duty to assess this evolution better. The key element is the reception of these eschatological beliefs, to discern what expressions of them are more helpful in encouraging Christian fidelity, (...) coping with distress, and engaging with individual and societal challenges. In this article, we outline a research programme that links eschatology to anthropology, and that tries to analyse beliefs according to state‐of‐the‐art methods, such as evolutionary cultural studies and research on the believing process. We also contribute a case study based on the concept of hell to test the proposed approach. (shrink)

In the business ethics literature, the growing interest in social entrepreneurship has remained limited to the assumption that pursuing a social mission will clash against the pursuit of associated economic achievements. This ignores recent developments in the social entrepreneurship literature which show that social missions and economic achievement can also have a mutually constitutive relation. We address this gap adopting the notion of shared value for an ethical inquiry of social entrepreneurship. Using a sensemaking framework, we assume that the emergence (...) of SV propositions can be captured through the analysis of how social entrepreneurs make sense of events of change, selecting the journey of three exemplar cases for an inductive empirical inquiry. From our findings, we propose three themes for further examination. First, the ethical groundings of entrepreneurial SV are mostly shaped by idiosyncratic imperatives that inform both social mission and economic gain from the onset. Second, the ethical groundings of entrepreneurial SV will be likely operationalised as a filtering device, which allows for resilience as well as potentially detrimental blind spots. And third, the ethical groundings of entrepreneurial SV are expressed through ongoing transparency. Whilst there are agendas, these are not necessarily hidden but instead are likely put on show for the scrutiny of markets and communities. We hope that this evidence can add more light to our still modest understanding of the ethical groundings of social entrepreneurship. (shrink)

El canon literario implica un proceso de selección sistemático y jerárquico de escritores, obras y géneros con el fin de delimitar un corpus modélico imitableligado fuertemente a la instrucción pedagógica. En el presente trabajo se analizará el particular proceso de formación y conformación del canon –así como surecepción y transformación respecto de los cánones previos– establecido por Quintiliano en el Libro 10 de la Institutio Oratoria, a fin de demostrar que los criterios de selección que guían dicho canon exceden la (...) mera función didáctica. (shrink)

The objective of this study is to provide insight into culinary systems. Each culture expresses its own identity through the way in which it transforms food into an elaborated cuisine. The phases of a cooking process start with the choice of ingredients, their preparation, their processing, how they are served, and how they are eaten. Each of these phases makes it possible to understand the semiotic and social behavior of a human group in the moment they choose to prepare and (...) eat a particular food. Therefore, this article contains a contrastive analysis of how Mexican, Texan, and Italian cuisines show how spicy and hot food is interpreted depending on the values that ​​are given to it in regards to being considered a dish, a spice or a vegetable. It bases its analysis on the mechanisms built around the meaning of chile in order to express cultural characteristics and differences. The recipes and their narrative processes, in addition to the use of color, allow the identification of parameters to describe the various cuisines through recipes books. (shrink)

A main identifying factor of professions is professionals' willingness to comply with ethical and professional standards, often defined in a code of ethics and conduct. In a period of intense nursing mobility, if the public are aware that health professionals have committed themselves to the drawing up of a code of ethics and conduct, they will have more trust in the health professional they choose, especially if this person comes from another European Member State. The Code of Ethics and Conduct (...) for European Nursing is a programmatic document for the nursing profession constructed by the FEPI (European Federation of Nursing Regulators) according to Directive 2005/36/EC On recognition of professional qualifications , and Directive 2006/123/EC On services in the internal market, set out by the European Commission. This article describes the construction of the Code and gives an overview of some specific areas of importance. The main text of the Code is reproduced in Appendix 1. (shrink)

Los docentes universitarios son una parte fundamental para el proceso de formación académica y personal de los futuros profesionales. La metodología es cuantitativa, básica de nivel comparativo donde se analiza la diferencia entre los niveles de ansiedad en los docentes de ambas universidades. Tiene un diseño descriptivo comparativo y su método fue hipotético deductivo.La muestra fue de 57 docentes de dos universidades particulares de la región Ica en Perú elegidos por un muestreo no probabilístico. El instrumento fue el Inventario de (...) Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) compuesto por 21 ítems aplicado mediante un formulario virtual, anónimo, confidencial y voluntario. Los resultados arrojaron que el 73,7% de docentes no tiene presencia de ansiedad, un 21,1% un nivel leve y un 5,3% presentó un nivel moderado. Se pudo comprobar que no existen diferencias significativas en cuanto a la ansiedad entre los docentes de estas dos universidades; habiéndose obtenido un p valor de 0,275. Las conclusiones el mayor porcentaje de docentes de ambas universidades no evidencian síntomas relacionados a ansiedad. Finalmente, queda pendiente que investigaciones futuras continúen comparando los niveles de ansiedad. (shrink)

This article builds on the notion of legal tolerance and analyzes the scope of its definition. It situates the notion in the complex set of relations occurring between the major systems of society. Generally, legal tolerance, as a concept, is understood in light of the possibilities of the legal system of influencing other major systems? responses. On the other hand, tolerance is also the response of the legal system in respect to other major systems? communications. Although there is a common (...) understanding of tolerance as ?under punishing bias? in criminology or as political tolerance in political science, 1 the focus of this article is different. The central points here are, first, the analysis of legal tolerance as part of systemic communications and, second, the historicity of the transformations of the nation-state in its ability to cope with the growth of separate, distinct and partial systems of society. Tolerance seems relational and raises questions such as: ?How much can the legal system tolerate?? And also, ?Which societal topics belong to the social system's domain-matter?? These questions are relevant given that the concept of legal tolerance depends on the possibilities of a given system to steer, to direct or to influence other major systems? behavior, or to resist, respond or to address other systems, which are in its environment. The concept of legal tolerance requires an analysis of a cluster of related definitions to assess the implications of the concept. These definitions are the following: (1) The concepts that result from the historical process of structuration and that explain the emergence of social systems. (2) The definition of reflexivity and its relation with the ?second order cybernetics dilemma.? This is the place where heuristic and epistemological problems are found. Such problems result from both the problem of representation and from the ontological status of the real. This analysis will show why reflexivity is a key concept to explaining the transformations suffered by such systems. Then, legal tolerance is a newer development in respect to the idea of planning. As an alternative to hard planning, legal tolerance creates a fostering environment. Instead of a single system directing other systems, legal tolerance is relational and created collectively by the organizational national state using its (limited) power of legal creation. Legal tolerance also stems from the concerned subsystems of the society (economy, law, politics, science, along with others) by means of a variety of legislative products, public policies, alliances, and legal and other scientific communications that emerge as coordinating mechanisms among the alluded major subsystems. (shrink)

Cette étude, à partir du cas colombien, présente une théorie globale novatrice du trafic des drogues, qu'elle présente comme le symptôme de la situation générale de l'homme contemporain confronté aux problèmes de la mondialisation. Elle pose ainsi le problème du trafic des drogues comme la rencontre entre des subjectivités et les productions des grands systèmes économiques, politiques et juridiques, dans une perspective sociale et anthropologique critique.

Desde finales del siglo XX han venido ganando un enorme terreno investigaciones sobre modernidad orientadas hacia distintos segmentos del campo cultural. Las obras de Walter Benjamin leídas en esta perspectiva cobran un gran valor. Desde este marco de lectura me propongo explorar cuatro temas benjaminianos: en primer lugar abordaré el tema de la memoria en relación con la idea de historia. En segundo lugar, me detendré en el concepto benjaminiano de experiencia para mostrar su dimensión histórico-crítica respecto al ascenso de (...) la cultura moderna. En tercer lugar, haré una revisión de las afinidades entre el modo en que se desarrolla la visión alegórica en el drama barroco alemán y el modo en que Baudelaire afronta las problemáticas de la modernidad. Por último, reconstruiré algunos de los elementos por los cuales Benjamin se muestra entusiasta de algunas formas culturales propias del arte moderno. (shrink)

En este artículo exponemos los presupuestos que permiten una reflexión crítica sobre la esfera pública desde una perspectiva marxista. Hemos partido de la consideración del contexto de discusión reciente sobre las ideas políticas de Marx y de la relevancia del concepto de esfera pública para mostrar la importancia de algunos de sus conceptos críticos para la filosofía política. El texto es producto de una investigación dedicada a la elaboración de un marco conceptual que persigue el desarrollo de un análisis crítico (...) de la esfera pública en la actualidad y en el que se ha establecido que algunas cuestiones claves, vinculadas a los conceptos de lenguaje y experiencia, se encontraban presentes en la obra de Marx. En este sentido, el texto presenta una novedosa reflexión al tratar la actualidad del pensamiento de Marx desde el análisis de un problema político contemporáneo que permite poner en evidencia las implicaciones críticas y radicales que poseen sus fundamentos filosófico-críticos para los discursos y las instituciones políticas contemporáneas como la esfera pública. (shrink)

El propósito del artículo es profundizar el carácter absoluto de la auto-comunicación de Dios al hombre, lo cual entregará un aporte a la teología actual en lo que se refiere a la comprensión y utilización del concepto de auto-comunicación, y a la vez entender de un modo renovado el encuentro entre Dios y el hombre, lo que permitirá hallar nuevas pistas para la entrega del mensaje cristiano al hombre contemporáneo. El escrito aborda el tema en dos tópicos: el primero en (...) razón del Dios absoluto, como fundamento de la auto-comunicación y el segundo que trata el carácter trinitario de la auto-comunicación absoluta. (shrink)

En este artículo exponemos los presupuestos que permiten una reflexión crítica sobre la esfera pública desde una perspectiva marxista. Hemos partido de la consideración del contexto de discusión reciente sobre las ideas políticas de Marx y de la relevancia del concepto de esfera pública para mostrar la importancia de algunos de sus conceptos críticos para la filosofía política. El texto es producto de una investigación dedicada a la elaboración de un marco conceptual que persigue el desarrollo de un análisis crítico (...) de la esfera pública en la actualidad y en el que se ha establecido que algunas cuestiones claves, vinculadas a los conceptos de lenguaje y experiencia, se encontraban presentes en la obra de Marx. En este sentido, el texto presenta una novedosa reflexión al tratar la actualidad del pensamiento de Marx desde el análisis de un problema político contemporáneo que permite poner en evidencia las implicaciones críticas y radicales que poseen sus fundamentos filosófico-críticos para los discursos y las instituciones políticas contemporáneas como la esfera pública. (shrink)

Recent developments in pattern analysis research have made this methodology suitable for the study of the processes that are set in motion in psychological interventions. Outcome research, based on the comparison between clinical results from treatment and control groups, has leveraged our empirical knowledge about the efficacy of psychological interventions. However, these methods of research are not precise enough for the analysis of these processes. On the contrary, pattern analysis could be a powerful tool to study moment-to-moment interactions typical of (...) psychological interventions. This is methodology is relevant because clinical psychology is experiencing a paradigm shift from a protocol for syndrome perspective to a principle-based and person-centered intervention. This evidence-based, theory-grounded, and process-oriented paradigm of clinical intervention needs new research methods to thrive. The analysis of the therapeutic relationship built into the verbal interaction between the clinician and the client is one of the cornerstones of this new era of research. So, the purpose of this article is three-fold: to discuss the role of the verbal interaction pattern analysis in the clinical context to the development of the principle-based clinical psychology, to analyze the patterns of verbal interaction in a clinical case, and to compare the results using two different methods. To reach these purposes, using the observational methodology, we have coded the verbal interaction of 16 clinical sessions with a person diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder. We have analyzed the data using sequential analysis and pattern recognition algorithms. We have been able to detect typical patterns during different phases of psychological intervention. Finally, the conceptual, methodological, and empirical implications of this study will be discussed within the realms of pattern analysis research and principle-based clinical psychology. (shrink)

Resumen En el siguiente artículo se pretende hacer una lectura teológica del poder siguiendo a Karl Rahner en su concepción del mismo como don, tarea y posibilidad. El poder es don divino para el ser humano el cual participa del poder de Dios, sin embargo, cuando lo ejerce puede corromperse y pierde la finalidad para lo que es entregado. De este modo, el mal ejercicio del poder tiene repercusiones tanto para la persona como para la sociedad, graves consecuencias, por eso (...) es necesario asumir la responsabilidad de cada acción. En este sentido, el ejercicio del poder es una tarea esencial para la vida en sociedad y, a la vez, es una posibilidad de construcción del Reino con alcances escatológicos. Abtracts The following article intends to make a theological reading of power following Karl Rahner in his conception of it as a gift, task and possibility. Power is a divine gift for the human being who participates in the power of God, however when exercised it can be corrupted and loses the purpose for what is delivered. In this way, the bad exercise of power has repercussions for both the person and society, serious consequences, that is why it is necessary to take responsibility for each action. In this sense, the exercise of power is an essential task for life in society and at the same time, it is a possibility of building the Kingdom with eschatological scope. (shrink)

Desde finales del siglo XX, las investigaciones sobre modernidad, orientadas hacia distintos segmentos del campo cultural, han venido ganando un enorme terreno. Las obras de Walter Benjamin, leídas en esta perspectiva, cobran un gran valor. Se busca explorar cuatro temas benjaminianos: a) algunos aspectos de su concepto de historia; b) el concepto de experiencia, para mostrar su dimensión histórico-crítica con respecto al ascenso de la cultura moderna; c) las afinidades entre el modo en que se desarrolla la visión alegórica en (...) el drama barroco alemán y el modo en que Baudelaire afronta las problemáticas de la modernidad; d) elementos de algunas formas culturales del arte moderno que entusiasman a Benjamin. (shrink)

Cognitive scientists have a variety of approaches to studying cognition: experimental psychology, computer science, robotics, neuroscience, educational psychology, philosophy of mind, and psycholinguistics, to name but a few. In addition, they also differ in their approaches to cognition - some of them consider that the mind works basically like a computer, involving programs composed of abstract, amodal, and arbitrary symbols. Others claim that cognition is embodied - that is, symbols must be grounded on perceptual, motoric, and emotional experience. The existence (...) of such different approaches has consequences when dealing with practical issues such as understanding brain disorders, designing artificial intelligence programs and robots, improving psychotherapy, or designing instructional programs. The symbolist and embodiment camps seldom engage in any kind of debate to clarify their differences. This book is the first attempt to do so. It brings together a team of outstanding scientists, adopting symbolist and embodied viewpoints, in an attempt to understand how the mind works and the nature of linguistic meaning. As well as being interdisciplinary, all authors have made an attempt to find solutions to substantial issues beyond specific vocabularies and techniques. (shrink)

El debate que se gestó alrededor del concepto de existencia en manos de Willard Van Orman Quine y Rudolf Carnap, dio al siglo XX un cúmulo de aportes significativos a la ontología. La postura realista, con algunas variantes, de Quine y el criterio anti-realista de Carnap, otorga insumos para pensar de mejor forma cómo se intenta dar descripciones acerca del inmobiliario del mundo. Conocer este debate es importante, ya que, se expone los alcances y limitaciones que implican las explicaciones ontológicas (...) acerca de la realidad que deben ser tenidas en cuenta en la actualidad. Este trabajo cumple esa función, la de explicar sintéticamente uno de los debates más importantes para la ontología. (shrink)