La France a toujours promu outre-mer une construction du genre fort différente de celle qui avait cours en métropole. Que ce soit pendant l'esclavage (1635-1848), pendant la période de la citoyenneté coloniale (1848-1938) ou bismarckienne (1938-1963), il n'y a pas eu de soutien au modèle de l'homme-pourvoyeur, sans qu'il y ait de prise en compte du maintien d'un modèle polygamique. Le passage de la parité sociale à l'égalité sociale reste inachevé pour les plus pauvres, et particulièrement pour les allocataires de (...) parent isolé. (shrink)

What are the relationships between historians and the sounds produced in the spaces and times they study? This article stresses the absence of historiographical interest in noise, due to the silence of the archives regarding matters of sound. It reviews the attempts at devising sonograms of historical periods, such as the eighteenth century. It highlights daily sounds and noises and it seeks out their traces in the domains of work, economy, religion, politics and royalty. Churches and hospitals, in particular, were (...) home to harrowing sounds. Voices are also important data for historical enquiry, such as children's voices, peddlers’ tunes and street songs. (shrink)

L’enfant se trouve « placé » dans une famille d’accueil suite à des défaillances parentales graves qui produisent des effractions dans le psychisme de l’enfant. Ces effractions fragilisent le rapport à la Loi, aux interdits et laissent le champ pulsionnel se débrider sans limite. Le placement familial aura la charge d’aider l’enfant à subjectiver ces traumatismes objectifs en particulier au moment des « crises » ou des comportements à risque, insupportables ou invalidants.

Current anti-doping in competitive sports is advocated for reasons of fair-play and concern for the athlete's health. With the inception of the World Anti Doping Agency (WADA), anti-doping effort has been considerably intensified. Resources invested in anti-doping are rising steeply and increasingly involve public funding. Most of the effort concerns elite athletes with much less impact on amateur sports and the general public.

The works of the Anglo-Indian artist Anish Kapoor challenge the intangibility of the real and the reality of the objects, the surrounding space, even the spectator himself. They make it appear as an illusion and point to an invisible reality located beyond or beneath, or even at the very heart of the visible. This essay explores the nature of this hidden realm, which the works allow us to see or at least to foresee. It interrogates also the phenomenological mechanisms at (...) play in the works, which induce the spectator into putting the real in doubt, to confront him or herself to the invisible and to name it. (shrink)

Neonatal behavioral data support the argument that multiple relations exist between vision and touch. Looking at an object triggers the motion of a neonate's arm and hand towards it. A textured surface that is seen can be recognized tactilely, but not a volumetric shaped object in cross-modal transfer tasks. These data are supported by adult neuroimaging data.

Au centre de ce livre : la différence sexuelle dans les écrits d'Emmanuel Levinas. Différence qui hante la philosophie depuis ses débuts mais dérange les systèmes de pensée. Le féminin serait alors un nom pour ce reste qui échappe aux systèmes de pensée. L'enjeu de Levinas consistant à penser l'Autre comme irréductible au Même, il rompt avec l'apparente neutralité du sujet philosophique. Il établit corrélativement un rapport entre la femme, le féminin et l'hospitalité. A travers l'irruption du féminin, de la (...) voix féminine dans le champ philosophique, le présent ouvrage propose une nouvelle image de la pensée. A partir de l'examen de la " différence des sexes " comme " douce défaillance ", se trouve dégagée la " subjectivité au féminin " qui ramène à l'immémorial. De cet examen à la fois précis et vivant de ses occurrences dans le texte de Levinas, émerge la trace du féminin dans l'un des textes majeurs de la philosophie contemporaine de l'altérité. (shrink)

Die Diskussion der Datierung von Olympie 5, die von Anhaltspunkten im Lied ausgeht, ergibt das Jahr 456 v. Chr. als wahrscheinlichstes Datum für Psaumis’ Olympiensieg mit dem Maultiergespann, der den Anlass für das Epinikion bildete. Als nicht haltbar erweist sich hingegen die von LIANA LOMIENTO in einem Aufsatz aus dem Jahr 2000 vorgeschlagene Datierung des Liedes ins Jahr 488 v. Chr.

Militairy technology is developing at a rapid pace and we are seeing a growing number of weapons with increasing levels of autonomy being developed and deployed. This raises various legal, ethical, and security concerns. The absence of clear international rules setting limits and governing the use of autonomous weapons is extremely concerning. There is an urgent need for the international community to work together towards a treaty not only to safeguard ethical and legal norms, but also for our shared security. (...) This article explains why a treaty on autonomous weapons is needed and achievable. It goes into what a treaty could consist of to establish an international norm and set rules and limits on autonomy in weapon systems. (shrink)

Attentional selection biases the processing of higher visual areas to particular parts of a scene. Recent experiments show how stimulation of neurons in the frontal eye fields can mimic this process.

In his private life, as well as in his work and political attitudes, Michel Foucault often stood in contradiction to himself, especially when his expansive ideas collided with the institutions in which he worked. In Francois Caillat's provocative collection of essays and interviews based on his French documentary of the same name, leading contemporary critics and philosophers reframe Foucault's legacy in an effort to build new ways of thinking about his struggle against society's mechanisms of domination, demonstrating how conflict within (...) the self lies at the heart of Foucault's life and work. (shrink)

Music is a tool used in daily life in order to mitigate negative and enhance positive emotions. Listeners may orientate their engagement with music around its ability to facilitate particular emotional responses and to subsequently regulate mood. Existing scales have aimed to gauge both individual coping orientations in response to stress, as well as individual use of music for the purposes of mood regulation. This study utilised pre-validated scales through an online survey in order to measure whether music’s use in (...) mood regulation is influenced by coping orientations and/or demographic variables in response to the lockdown measures imposed in the United Kingdom, as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst factor analyses show that the existing theoretical structure of the COPE model has indicated a poor fit for clustered coping orientations, a subsequent five-factor structure was determined for coping orientations in response to lockdown. Analyses include observations that positive reframing and active coping were strong predictors of music use in mood regulation amongst listener’s coping strategies, as was Substance Use. Higher Age indicated having a negative effect on music’s use in mood regulation, whilst factors such as gender were not seen to be significant in relation to the use of music in mood regulation within this context. These results provide insight into how individuals have engaged with music orientated coping strategies in response to a unique stressor. (shrink)

Harm-reduction approaches are used to reduce the burden of risky human behaviour without necessarily aiming to stop the behaviour. We discuss what an introduction of harm reduction for doping in sports would mean in parallel with a relaxation of the antidoping rule. We analyse what is ethically at stake in the following five levels: (1) What would it mean for the athlete (the self)? (2) How would it impact other athletes (the other)? (3) How would it affect the phenomenon of (...) sport as a game and its fair play basis (the play)? (4) What would be the consequences for the spectator and the role of sports in society (the display)? and (5) What would it mean for what some consider as essential to being human (humanity)? For each level, we present arguments for and against doping and then discuss what a harm-reduction approach, within a dynamic regime of a partially relaxed antidoping rule, could imply. We find that a harm-reduction approach is morally defensible and potentially provides a viable escape out of the impasse resulting from the impossibility of attaining the eradication of doping. The following question remains to be answered: Would a more relaxed position, when combined with harm-reduction measures, indeed have less negative consequences for society than today9s all-out antidoping efforts that aim for abstinence? We provide an outline of an alternative policy, allowing a cautious step-wise change to answer this question and then discuss the ethical aspects of such a policy change. (shrink)

One of the claims sometimes advanced in favour of anti-doping is that allowing doping would lead to a uniform increase in performance in comparison to no doping. The idea is that if all athletes wo...

The landmark book Boys and Girls Learn Differently! outlines the brain-based educational theories and techniques that can be used to transform classrooms and help children learn better. Now The Boys and Girls Learn Differently Action Guide for Teachers presents experiential learning techniques that teachers can use to create an environment and enriched curriculum that take into account the needs of the developing child's brain and allows both boys and girls to gain maximum learning opportunities. This important and easy-to-use guide is (...) based on the latest scientific scholarship on the differences between boy's and girl's brains, neurological development, hormonal effects, behavior, and learning needs and offers information on what all children need to be able to learn effectively. Michael Gurian and his colleagues applied these recent discoveries in the field during a two-year Gurian Institute pilot program in Missouri that led to measurably better academic performance and improved behavior. (shrink)