The article is a criticism of john watling's argument about contrary-To-Fact conditionals. The author states: "a conditional which is contrary-To-Fact does not enable us in any way to decide which statements... Are empirical and which are analytic." (staff).

The author holds that "russell confused the idea of meaning which is akin to use and the idea of meaning which is akin to reference, or perhaps denotation." (staff).