Digital simulacra present an entrancing vision of a research-rich future shorn of the messiness that comes from dealing with real live patients as part of the research enterprise—and in that sheari...

The most important distinctively American contribution to philosophy is the pragmatist tradition. In this short, lucid, and completely convincing exposition, Professor John P. Murphy begins by exploring the roots of this tradition as found in the work of Peirce, James, and Dewey, demonstrating its power and originality. Historians of philosophy will appreciate the insight Murphy brings to these figures, but the special value of this book lies in his discussion of how the pragmatist spirit has flowered in contemporary philosophy in (...) the work of Quine, Rorty, and Davidson.Throughout, Murphy emphasizes the logic and structure of the views held by these six philosophers and what it is they have in common that makes their work especially “pragmatist.” There is no better introduction to this historical tradition and perhaps no better way into the philosophies of the contemporaries whom Murphy discusses.Interest in pragmatist ideas is undergoing a revival at present, and this book shows us why. It will be of interest to both historians of philosophy and students of contemporary philosophy. (shrink)

Technology and society are deeply interconnected, as technology emerges from the existent cultural framework and consequently shapes society on the micro level of human interaction and the larger scale of social structure and system. This paper tackles the digital transformation present in Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. We analyse disruptive digital technologies by focusing on the social or cultural context of their creation, their core philosophy, and the impact they seem to have or how society may be shaped by their (...) extended implementation and adoption. As technology is basically not neutral in its purpose, serving different personal and organizational interests, we use a multiple point-of-view approach to our study in order to elaborate an encompassing representation of the phenomenon. (shrink)

La mentoría como programa de formación en el inicio de la vida profesional del docente principiante se presenta como una oportunidad para la mejora de la calidad de las instituciones educativas y de sus agentes. Al mismo tiempo, revierte sobre la comunidad y el territorio donde se ubica. En contextos reconocidos como vulnerables se necesitan agentes educativos vocacionales y con un alto nivel de resiliencia, y con una meta clara: formar a personas plenas que contribuyan con su sentir, ser y (...) hacer al desarrollo de la comunidad en la que habitan. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:Journal of the History of Ideas 62.2 (2001) 335-358 [Access article in PDF] Between East and West: Hegel and the Origins of the Russian Dilemma Ana Siljak Nikolai Berdiaev, the eminent twentieth-century Russian philosopher, wrote that the "problem of East and West" was an "eternal" one for Russia. 1 Attempting to make sense of the violent upheavals that shook Russia in 1917, Berdiaev believed that the source of Russian (...) troubles lay in the "inconsistency of the Russian spirit" due to the "conflict of the Eastern and Western elements in her." 2 Russia, he argued, always contained within its wide territory an invisible and shifting border between two continents, and thus Russian society was forever torn between two cultures. Berdiaev insisted that Russia could not discover its true calling or its place in the world until it resolved its internal conflict between East and West. 3Berdiaev was contemplating the course of the nineteenth century, when Russia's geographical destiny had deeply troubled Russian intellectuals. In the late 1830s Russian thinkers began their minute analyses of cultural and historical sources, hoping to determine the essential character of their nation and believing that their research would enable them to predict Russia's future. Often, diverse questions of progress and stagnation, tradition and innovation, and the individual and society were all framed within this overarching problem of East versus West.It is tempting to see this Russian dilemma as longstanding and natural, given Russia's position between two continents. Indeed, many recent scholars have argued that Russian encounters with Asia, taking place within the framework of Russia's territorial expansion eastward, forced Russians to examine their relationships [End Page 335] with the Eastern, Asian world. 4 It is true that European geographers and historians have debated the location of the border between Asia and Europe since the Middle Ages. But before the nineteenth century this ambiguity hardly troubled Russian minds. The Muscovite state of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, for example, was well acquainted with cultures and lands to its East, engaging in trade and diplomatic relations with Muslim Tatars and others. Yet there is little evidence to suggest that Muscovy was concerned about its position between Eastern and Western countries. 5 Even Peter the Great, whom historians have credited for bringing European customs into Russia, was little concerned with the European/Asian divide in Russian culture. For him the most important geographical question was Russia's place among the northern states, and he was particularly obsessed with Sweden as Russia's primary military rival. 6After Peter's reign, educated Russians, as they became increasingly acquainted with Western European culture, experienced their first pangs of envy and self-doubt in the face of perceived European superiority. Nonetheless, throughout the eighteenth century few cultured Russians had trouble embracing a diverse historical legacy and national character--German, Slavic, Asian. After all, Europeans themselves were proud of their barbarian past. Peter the Great's chief historian, V. N. Tatishchev, wrote with full confidence and little concern that the Russian empire was located "in both Europe and Asia," noting that though more Russian people lived in Europe, Russia had more territory in Asia. In passing he mentioned that "where the border between these two large and most important cultures is located, no one has as yet determined for certain." 7 According to him, the Slavic people as a whole could be divided into Asian and European branches, thus both cultures were of importance in Russian history. 8The first of the great nineteenth-century Russian historians, Nikolai Karamzin, was proud of Russia's diverse heritage. Russia, he wrote, [End Page 336] raising its head between the Asiatic and European kingdoms, represented within its civic life the characteristics of these two parts of the world: a mixture of old Eastern customs, brought by the Slavs into Europe and renewed, so to speak, by our long connection with the Mongols; Byzantine customs borrowed by the Russians along with the Christian religion, and some German customs imparted by the Varangians.... 9This cultural "mixture... (shrink)

Socio-cultural shifts during the 1960s and 1970s included widespread secularization, challenges to authority and tradition, and an emphasis on individual choice. Healthcare and biomedical research advances accompanied these social changes, giving rise to numerous ethical and policy questions. The contemporary bioethics project emerged in this context with (at least) three aims: (1) to offer practical answers to these questions (often) in ways that (2) facilitate or support particular practices or goals (e.g., organ donation or human research) and that (3) appear (...) broadly applicable and legitimately enforceable. Philosophical thinking, which involves investigating and disambiguating concepts and categories, articulating conceptually clear definitions, and mapping arguments to identify premises, detect fallacies, and describe their logical implications, can undermine the practical goals of the bioethics project. This tension between the goals of bioethics and philosophical thinking might help to explain what some scholars see as a disinterest in philosophical thinking in bioethics today. (shrink)

The problem sketched here in a non-conformist phenomenological manner concerns the transition from the theory of the self-sufficient individual to the theories of the social character of human being, and to the theoretical possibility to control the social asymmetries opposing to its fulfilment.

The term ‘culture wars’ has been used to describe deep, apparently intractable, disagreements between groups for many years. In contemporary discourse, it refers to disputes regarding significant moral matters carried out in the public square and for which there appears to be no way to achieve consensus or compromise. One set of battle lines is drawn between those who hold traditional Christian commitments and those who do not. Christian bioethics is nested in a set of moral and metaphysical understandings that (...) collide with those of the dominant secular culture. The result is a gulf between a moral life and an approach to bioethics framed in the face of a transcendent God and a final judgment versus a moral life and an approach to bioethics framed as if the world were without ultimate meaning and as if death were the end of personal existence. These approaches are separated by a moral and metaphysical gulf that sustains incompatible life worlds and incompatible understandings of bioethics. Attempts to bridge the gulf with secular reason are ineffective because there is no shared conception of reason or standard of evidence. Efforts to use the state to enforce a particular set of metaphysical and moral commitments, whether secular or religious, lead to public disputes with a war-like character. (shrink)

“Outsiders” addressing ethical issues in medicine—Strangers at the Bedside —became “bioethicists.” Bioethicists providing research ethics consultation have been described as “stranger...

Although the concept of human nature may seem problematic, its a-historical essentialism can be used to show the fall of modern European philosophy into the historical pit of unsolvable contradictions. This paper explores the problems of logical contradictions between the modern and universalistic concept of human nature and the discriminative model of inferior-superior humans, mainly illustrated by racism. First, this paper shows that the concept of human nature is valid beyond the arguments related to evolution and social contexts, although the (...) human nature is modelled by them, and that the concept is not opposed to the specific cultural peculiarities of different human communities. Furthermore, common elements of racism both at the moment of its creation and nowadays suggest a radical possibility for resolving the antagonisms between the thesis of universality in the human being and the thesis of the particularity of unique cultures. (shrink)

The World Bank estimates that over one billion people currently lack official identity documents. To tackle this crucial issue, the United Nations included the aim to provide legal identity for all by 2030 among the Sustainable Development Goals. Technology can be a powerful tool to reach this target. In the digital age, new technologies increasingly mediate identity verification and identification of individuals. Currently, State-led and public–private initiatives use technology to provide official identification, to control and secure external borders, and to (...) distribute humanitarian aid to populations in need. All of these initiatives have profound implications for the protection of human rights of those affected by them. Digital identity technologies may render individuals without legal documentation more visible and therefore less vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. However, they also present risks for the protection of individuals' human rights. As they build on personal data for identification and identity verification, data protection and privacy rights are most clearly affected. The prohibition of discrimination in the digital space is also of concern as these technological advances' societal impact is not yet fully understood. Accordingly, the article argues that emerging digital identity platforms will only contribute to the protection of human rights if the providers adequately mitigate any risks of potential discrimination and promote high standards of privacy and data protection. (shrink)

The technological solutions adopted during the current pandemic will have a lasting impact on our societies. Currently, COVID-19 health status certificates are being deployed around the world, including in Europe, the United States and China. When combined with identity verification, these digital and paper-based certificates allow individuals to prove their health status by showing recent COVID-19 tests results, full vaccination records or evidence of recovery from COVID-19. Most countries in the Global South, where vaccination rates are low, have not yet (...) fully implemented such certificates, although several initiatives are currently underway. That is, for instance, the case in the African Union. Yet, it is not sufficient to develop technical solutions for the verification of COVID-19 health status. Because technologies do not evolve in a legal vacuum, the existing laws and regulations must be respected. The risks of implementing such technologies must be anticipated and mitigated as much as possible before any large-scale deployment. Risk mitigation should also underpin strategies throughout the deployment of these certificates. This article evaluates the key legal implications of COVID-19 health status certificates for data privacy and human rights. In doing so, it contributes to the current debates, thus informing policymakers in this area of vital national and international interest. (shrink)

THEOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON IMMIGRATION HAVE LARGELY FOCUSED ON mandates to love the stranger and protect human rights. The U.S. and Mexican bishops' pastoral letter "Strangers No Longer" is no different. However, this ethical focus leaves Christians without sufficient theological guidance when seeking to balance concern for immigrants and U.S. citizens alike. This essay examines undocumented immigration to the United States through the lens of the common good, using a contemporary Catholic feminist understanding of the common good. It examines the impact (...) of immigration on this country and makes policy recommendations that are consistent with the common good. Many of the recommendations are consonant with the bishops' recommendations, but one important recommendation missed by the bishops is that efforts to promote a liberal immigration policy must be accompanied by efforts to promote just wages and working conditions for all low-wage U.S. workers. (shrink)

Issues of institutional identity and integrity in Roman Catholic health care institutions have been addressed at the level of individual institutions as well as by organizations of Catholic health care providers and at various levels in the Church hierarchy. The papers by Carol Taylor, C.S.F.N, Thomas Shannon, Kevin O’Rourke, O.P., Gerard Magill in this volume provide a significant contribution to concerns of Roman Catholic health care institutions as they face the challenges of providing health care in a secular, pluralistic, market-driven (...) economy. One way to understand institutional integrity is as a measure of the coherence between what an institution identifies as its commitments (its stated moral character), what an institution does (its manifest moral character) and an institution’s fundamental moral commitments (its deep moral character). The essays in this volume support this model of integrity. Although it is not their explicit focus, the four essays together provide a vision of institutional integrity for Catholic health care institutions. Each author focuses on one of the three central aspects of integrity: what one identifies as one’s commitments (Taylor), how one's actions reflect one’s values (Shannon and Magill), and what one is or what one values at a deep level (O’Rourke). I will offer a brief overview of the ways in which the integrity of Catholic health care institutions has been addressed. Then I will consider the four essays and show how each offers an analysis of one of the three critical elements of integrity. (shrink)

This review essay explores recent historical and anthropological literature on the emergence and development of transcultural psychiatry in the second half of the twentieth century. It examines how postcolonial psychiatry attempted to remove itself from its erstwhile colonial frameworks and strove to introduce new concepts and paradigms to make itself relevant in the context of decolonization and postwar reconstruction. The essay looks at both continuities and discontinuities between colonial and post-colonial transcultural psychiatry, asking how the recent surge of scholarly literature (...) in this field engaged with these issues. It also aims to identify the most important avenues for future research. (shrink)

A pesar de que se ha prestado atención a las remesas, la migración mexicana a los Estados Unidos plantea desafíos económicos que raramente se han explorado en profundidad. En este contexto, la educación financiera ha emergido como un enfoque relevante para capacitar a la población migrante sobre sus derechos económicos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las estrategias adoptadas por las ONGs de apoyo a migrantes en EE.UU. para abordar la brecha de información financiera entre la población migrante. Se (...) siguió un enfoque metodológico principalmente cualitativo, acompañado por datos estadísticos pertinentes. (shrink)

This article analyzes the physical theory presented by Pierre Bayle in the new Spanish translation of Various Thoughts on the Occasion of the Comet. First, it deals with his critcism of the supertitous aspects of tradition, and subsequently, it analyzes his position, inspired by Descartes, regarding the physical nature of comets as opposed to the aristotelian cosmology, trough the analysis of five key issues: influence of distance, propagation of light, interaction between particles, difference between systems and problem of qualities.

The political discourse of Rafael Caldera and Carlos Andrés Pérez is here analyzed. Thess leaders share features in exercising power as presidents of Venezuela, and in their being members of the traditional political parties that ruled the country in the second half of the XXth century. A crit..

In Words and Meaning in Metasemantics, Juan José Colomina-Almiñana argues that language meaning determination requires close attention to the constant interaction between speech communities, speaker's intentions, and the audience's uptakes.

* Doutora em Educação pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Professora na Universidade Estadual do Ceará. E-mail: [email protected]. ** Doutor em Sociologia pela Universidade Federal do Ceará. Professor titular da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Professor-pesquisador do convênio de colaboração entre a l’Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne, a linha de pesquisa Marxismo, educação e luta de classes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Ceará e o Mestrado Acadêmico Intercampi em Educação e Ensino, da Universidade (...) Estadual do Ceará. Professor-pesquisador do Convênio de Colaboração entre o Programa de Mestrado em Antropologia de Iberoamérica da Universidade de Salamanca e Linha de Pesquisa Marxismo, Educação e Luta de Classes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Ceará. E-mail: [email protected]. Resumo: O texto problematiza a legitimação das Artes como campo de saber nos currículos de cursos de Pedagogia. Reflete, pois, sobre formação inicial de pedagogos e o repertório artístico-cultural desses profissionais para atenderem às demandas escolares referentes ao ensino de Artes. Tomamos como base de fundamentação teórica, principalmente, a noção de campo de Bourdieu e sua idéia de consagração desse campo como um processo constituído relacionalmente. O trabalho traduz um estudo bibliográfico imerso no campo da Educação, guiado, entretanto, por reflexões sustentadas em observações e vivências estético-pedagógicas no âmbito da formação inicial docente, numa universidade pública estadual brasileira. Com o estudo, infere-se que à universidade cabe a responsabilidade estratégica de garantir a ampliação de componentes curriculares que abranjam saberes em Artes.Palavras-chave: Campo de saber. Artes. Formação de pedagogos. The field of artistic knowledge in the training curriculum of pedagogos and its echo in schools: The text problematizes the legitimization of the Arts as a field of knowledge in the curricula of Pedagogy courses. It reflects, therefore, on the initial formation of pedagogues and the artistic-cultural repertoire of these professionals to attend to the school demands related to the teaching of Arts. We take as theoretical basis mainly the notion of Bourdieu's field and his idea of ​​consecration of this field as a process constituted relationally. The work translates a bibliographic study immersed in the field of Education, guided, however, by reflections sustained in observations and aesthetic-pedagogical experiences in the scope of initial teacher training, in a Brazilian state public university. With the study, it is inferred that the university has the strategic responsibility to guarantee the expansion of curricular components that cover knowledge in Arts.Keywords: Field of knowledge. Arts. Formation of pedagogues. El campo de saber artístico en los curriculos de formación de pedagogos y su eco en las escuelas Resumen: El texto problematiza la legitimación de las Artes como campo de saber en los currículos de cursos de Pedagogía. Refleja, pues, sobre formación inicial de pedagogos y el repertorio artístico-cultural de esos profesionales para atender a las demandas escolares referentes a la enseñanza de Artes. Tomamos como base de fundamentación teórica principalmente la noción de campo de Bourdieu y su idea de consagración de ese campo como un proceso constituido relacionalmente. El trabajo traduce un estudio bibliográfico inmerso en el campo de la Educación, guiado, sin embargo, por reflexiones sostenidas en observaciones y vivencias estético-pedagógicas en el ámbito de la formación inicial docente, en una universidad pública estatal brasileña. Con el estudio, se infiere que a la universidad cabe la responsabilidad estratégica de garantizar la ampliación de componentes curriculares que abarquen saberes en Artes.Palabras Clave: Campo de saber. Artes. Formación de pedagogos. Data de registro: 15/02/2019Data de aceite: 23/04/2020. (shrink)

The precautionary principle when applied in the context of international law, it should be noted that this is a legal system that contains rules and principles often fragmented, which may not always be interpreted in a harmonious and coherent way. The contribution of the precautionary principle, is its role to reinforce certain legal standards enacted not only in various international treaties, but also in particular statements relating to, environmental protection, health, sustainable development, trade and food security, among others, when there (...) is uncertainty about the risks and irreparable damages should be avoided, especially for the future generations. (shrink)

_Review of: Consani, Cristina Foroni; Klein, Joel T.; Nour Sckell, Soraya, _Cosmopolitanism: From the Kantian Legacy to Contemporary Approaches_, Berlin, Duncker & Humblot, 2021, pp. 327. ISBN 978-3-428-58460-4._.

Neste artigo, articulo três sentidos distintos da expressão “Fins da Arte” - analítico-filosófico, estético e teleológico – para refletir acerca de um movimento importante no cenário da arte da dança, que transformou radicalmente o modo como nossa cultura ocidental compreende o corpo. Refiro-me à dança pós-moderna americana que se desenvolveu principalmente nas décadas de 60, 70 e 80, e tomo como paradigma o trabalho da coreógrafa, bailarina e cineasta Yvonne Rainer, denominado Trio A. Meu argumento é que, neste trabalho coreográfico, (...) Yvonne Rainer coloca, com seu próprio corpo, a questão do “fim da dança” nos sentidos analítico-filosófico e estético, e como consequência promove uma reflexão sobre o “fim da dança” no sentido teleológico. (shrink)

Es bien conocida la posición crítica que Albert Einstein mantuvo frente a la interpretación del nuevo formalismo cuántico que se gestó en torno al Instituto de Física Teórica de Copenhague, dirigido por Niels Bohr, desde la tercera década del siglo XX hasta el fin de sus días. Simplificando la cuestión, suele afirmarse que aquel defendió una concepción realista de la ciencia, a diferencia de físicos como el propio Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli, también Max Born, y otros. Asimismo, frecuentemente se (...) atribuye esa defensa del realismo científico a posiciones “conservadoras”, en la medida en que no supo adaptarse a las nuevas concepciones que exigía el mundo microfísico. En el presente artículo se pretende analizar el tipo de realismo preconizado por este eminente científico en el marco de sus convicciones epistemológicas, lo cual permitirá perfilar mejor cuál fue el fondo de su polémica con Bohr y, en general, su interpretación de la mecánica cuántica. Para ello se comienza analizando la relación entre teoría y experiencia, así como la noción einsteiniana de “realidad”, para pasar después a considerar su modo de concebir la noción de sistema cuántico individual, noción en la que convergen sus principales tesis acerca de la mencionada cuestión de la interpretación de la teoría cuántica. (shrink)

Potential applications of genome editing in assisted reproductive technology (ART) raise a vast array of strong opinions, emotional reactions and divergent perceptions. Acknowledging the need for caution and respecting such reactions, we observe that at least some are based on either a misunderstanding of the science or misconceptions about the content and flexibility of the existing legal frameworks. Combining medical, legal and ethical expertise, we present and discuss regulatory responses at the national, European and international levels. The discussion has an (...) EU starting point and is meant as a contribution to the general international regulatory debate. Overall, this paper concludes that gene editing technologies should not be regulated autonomously. Rather, potential uses should be regulated under general, existing frameworks and where applicable by reference to sufficiently equivalent technologies and techniques already subject to specific regulation. To be clear, we do not argue for the hasty introduction of gene editing as a reproductive treatment option in the immediate future. We call for caution with regard to overreaching moratoria and prohibitions that will also affect basic research. We recommend flexible regulations that allow for further responsible research into the potential development of the technology. We call for an open and inclusive debate and argue that scientific communication should claim a more prominent role to counter the danger of widespread misinformation. A high level of transparency and accuracy should guide scientific communication while simultaneously global‐scale responsibility and governance should be fostered by promoting cross‐disciplinary thinking and multi‐level stakeholder involvement in legal and regulatory processes. (shrink)