Results for 'Entropic probes of electron densities'

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  1.  5
    Entropic concepts in electronic structure theory.Roman F. Nalewajski - 2012 - Foundations of Chemistry 16 (1):27-62.
    It is argued that some elusive “entropic” characteristics of chemical bonds, e.g., bond multiplicities (orders), which connect the bonded atoms in molecules, can be probed using quantities and techniques of Information Theory (IT). This complementary perspective increases our insight and understanding of the molecular electronic structure. The specific IT tools for detecting effects of chemical bonds and predicting their entropic multiplicities in molecules are summarized. Alternative information densities, including measures of the local entropy deficiency or its displacement (...)
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  2.  28
    Annealing effects on the microstructure of sputtered gold layers on oxidized silicon investigated by scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy.J. Plaza, S. Jacke, Y. Chen & R. Palmer - 2003 - Philosophical Magazine 83 (9):1137-1142.
    The structure of Au layers deposited by sputtering on oxidized p-type Si substrates is investigated by a combination of scanning electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy. The effect of the temperature on the grain structure of the layers has been determined, revealing that an annealing temperature of 300° C results in a larger grain size and smoother surfaces but generates some cracks in the film surface. At an annealing temperature of 500° C, further grain growth is observed, but a (...)
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  3.  26
    On the nature of quantum-chemical entities: the case of electron density.Jesus Alberto Jaimes Arriaga - 2022 - Foundations of Chemistry 25 (1):127-139.
    An Aristotelian philosophy of nature offers an alternative to reduction for the conception of the inter-theoretical relationships between molecular chemistry and quantum mechanics. A basic ingredient for such an approach is an ontology of fundamental causal powers, and this work aims to develop such an ontology by drawing on quantum-chemical entities, particularly, the electron density. This notion is central to the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules, a theory of molecular structure developed by Richard F. W. Bader, which describes (...)
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  4.  13
    Densities of electronic states in liquid transition metals.A. Meyer, M. J. Stott & W. H. Young - 1976 - Philosophical Magazine 33 (2):381-385.
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  5.  11
    Density of electronic states in liquid alkali metals.K. Ichikawa - 1973 - Philosophical Magazine 27 (1):177-183.
  6.  17
    Probability density of electron separation in a uniform electron gas.N. H. March & W. H. Young - 1959 - Philosophical Magazine 4 (39):384-389.
  7.  24
    Applications of electron reduced density function analysis to the study of amorphous materials: An example of Zr64.13Cu15.75Ni10.12Al10.0and Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10metallic glasses. [REVIEW]Konstantin B. Borisenko, Yixin Chen & Guoqiang Li - 2010 - Philosophical Magazine 90 (35-36):4679-4689.
  8.  9
    The density states of electrons in a disordered material.S. F. Edwards, M. B. Green & G. Srinivasan - 1977 - Philosophical Magazine 35 (5):1421-1424.
  9.  7
    A comparison of electron cloud density measurements using shielded pickups and te waves at cesrta✂.J. P. Sikora, M. G. Billing, J. A. Crittenden, M. A. Palmer, D. L. Rubin & S. De Santis - unknown - Ratio 2 (10).
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  10.  18
    Evolution of dislocation density in a hot rolled Zr–2.5Nb alloy with plastic deformation studied by neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. [REVIEW]F. Long, L. Balogh & M. R. Daymond - 2017 - Philosophical Magazine 97 (31):2888-2914.
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  11.  18
    Diffuse electron scattering and vacancy ordering in VO Possible role of charge density waves.C. N. R. Rao, P. L. Gai & S. Ramasesha - 1976 - Philosophical Magazine 33 (2):387-392.
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  12. Reformulation of Dirac’s theory of electron to avoid negative energy or negative time solution.Biswaranjan Dikshit - 2017 - Journal of Theoretical Physics and Cryptography 13:1-4.
    Dirac’s relativistic theory of electron generally results in two possible solutions, one with positive energy and other with negative energy. Although positive energy solutions accurately represented particles such as electrons, interpretation of negative energy solution became very much controversial in the last century. By assuming the vacuum to be completely filled with a sea of negative energy electrons, Dirac tried to avoid natural transition of electron from positive to negative energy state using Pauli’s exclusion principle. However, many scientists (...)
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  13.  13
    e/aclassification of Hume–Rothery Rhombic Triacontahedron-type approximants based on all-electron density functional theory calculations.U. Mizutani, M. Inukai, H. Sato, E. S. Zijlstra & Q. Lin - 2014 - Philosophical Magazine 94 (22):2571-2594.
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  14.  13
    Atomic-level observation with three-dimensional atom probe of the solute behaviour in neutron-, ion- or electron-irradiated ferritic alloys.P. Pareige, B. Radiguet, R. Krummeich-Brangier, A. Barbu, O. Zabusov & M. Kozodaev - 2005 - Philosophical Magazine 85 (4-7):429-441.
  15.  13
    Atomic-level observation with three-dimensional atom probe of the solute behaviour in neutron-, ion- or electron-irradiated ferritic alloys.P. Pareige *, B. Radiguet, R. Krummeich-Brangier, A. Barbu, O. Zabusov & M. Kozodaev - 2005 - Philosophical Magazine 85 (4-7):429-441.
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  16.  34
    Electron Charge Density: A Clue from Quantum Chemistry for Quantum Foundations.Charles T. Sebens - 2021 - Foundations of Physics 51 (4):1-39.
    Within quantum chemistry, the electron clouds that surround nuclei in atoms and molecules are sometimes treated as clouds of probability and sometimes as clouds of charge. These two roles, tracing back to Schrödinger and Born, are in tension with one another but are not incompatible. Schrödinger’s idea that the nucleus of an atom is surrounded by a spread-out electron charge density is supported by a variety of evidence from quantum chemistry, including two methods that are used to determine (...)
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  17.  54
    Is an Electron a Charge Cloud? A Reexamination of Schrödinger’s Charge Density Hypothesis.Shan Gao - 2018 - Foundations of Science 23 (1):145-157.
    This article re-examines Schrödinger’s charge density hypothesis, according to which the charge of an electron is distributed in the whole space, and the charge density in each position is proportional to the modulus squared of the wave function of the electron there. It is shown that the charge distribution of a quantum system can be measured by protective measurements as expectation values of certain observables, and the results as predicted by quantum mechanics confirm Schrödinger’s original hypothesis. Moreover, the (...)
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  18.  2
    Ronald J. Gillespie and Paul L. A. Popelier: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry: From Lewis to Electron Densities[REVIEW]John E. Bloor - 2002 - Foundations of Chemistry 4 (3):241-247.
  19.  8
    High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and tomographic atom probe studies of the hardening precipitation in an Al–Cu–Mg alloy.J. Majimel, G. Molenat, F. Danoix, O. Thuillier, D. Blavette, G. Lapasset & M. -J. Casanove ¶ - 2004 - Philosophical Magazine 84 (30):3263-3280.
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  20.  8
    Unconventional Approach to Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory Derived from a Model of Extended Electrons.Werner A. Hofer - 2011 - Foundations of Physics 41 (4):754-791.
    An equation proposed by Levy, Perdew and Sahni (Phys. Rev. A 30:2745, 1984) is an orbital-free formulation of density functional theory. However, this equation describes a bosonic system. Here, we analyze on a very fundamental level, how this equation could be extended to yield a formulation for a general fermionic distribution of charge and spin. This analysis starts at the level of single electrons and with the question, how spin actually comes into a charge distribution in a non-relativistic model. To (...)
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  21.  15
    The education of Walter Kohn and the creation of density functional theory.Andrew Zangwill - 2014 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 68 (6):775-848.
    The theoretical solid-state physicist Walter Kohn was awarded one-half of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his mid-1960s creation of an approach to the many-particle problem in quantum mechanics called density functional theory (DFT). In its exact form, DFT establishes that the total charge density of any system of electrons and nuclei provides all the information needed for a complete description of that system. This was a breakthrough for the study of atoms, molecules, gases, liquids, and solids. Before DFT, (...)
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  22.  14
    Evolution of Annular Self-controlled Electron–Nucleus Collapse in Condensed Targets.S. V. Adamenko & V. I. Vysotskii - 2004 - Foundations of Physics 34 (11):1801-1831.
    We considered peculiarities of the evolution of a region with sharp boundaries that is filled with a partially ionized plasma and is a part of the volume of a condensed target. The creation of such a region in the near-surface layer of the target can be related to the action of an external impulse symmetric ionizator or to the action of an intense small-extension shock wave on the target surface. We defined the conditions such that their fulfilment during the establishment (...)
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  23.  6
    Electron velocity and momentum density.Granville A. Perkins - 1978 - Foundations of Physics 8 (3-4):177-189.
    A null 4-vector ε°σμε, based on Dirac's relativistic electron equation, is shown explicitly for a plane wave and various Coulomb states. This 4-vector constitutes a mechanical “model” for the electron in those states, and expresses the important spinor quantities represented conventionally byn, f, g, m, j, κ,1, ands. The model for a plane wave agrees precisely with the relation between velocity and phase gradient customarily used in quantum theory, but the models for Coulomb states contradict that relation.
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  24.  11
    Electronic Texts are Computations are Electronic Texts.Herbert Hrachovec - 2000 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 34 (1):169-181.
    The notion of ‘electronic texts’ has gained universal currency. What, exactly, does this phrase refer to? Most authors answer by describing a set of surface characteristics resulting from the application of computer technology to traditional texts. Such depictions, I want to argue, can be seriously misleading. They presuppose a conventional understanding of ‘text’ in order to make sense of the phenomenon of digitised inscriptions. The simple choice of the phrase ‘electronic text’ suppresses the radical challenge raised by the new medium. (...)
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  25.  12
    Electron microscopy analysis of debris produced during diamond polishing.F. van Bouwelen, J. Field & L. Brown - 2003 - Philosophical Magazine 83 (7):839-855.
    This paper deals with an analysis of debris produced during the polishing of diamond. The debris is carefully collected 'as ejected' to shorten the history of the freshly removed material. Using high-resolution electron microscopy as well as electron-energy-loss spectroscopy, the structure of the material is revealed and analysed in terms of density, percentage of sp 2 hybridized carbon, and oxygen content. Debris from polishing in the so-called hard and soft directions were involved in this investigation. Overall the structure (...)
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  26.  11
    Moments of identity: dynamics of artist, persona, and audience in electronic music.Giovanni Formilan & David Stark - 2023 - Theory and Society 52 (1):35-64.
    In our account of artistic identities among electronic music artists, we point to the notion of persona as a key element in a triadic framework for studying the dynamics of identity. Building on pragmatist theory, we further draw on Pizzorno’s concept of mask and Luhmann’s notion of second-order observation to highlight the dual properties of persona: whether like a mask that is put on or like a probe that is put out, persona is a part that stands apart. Persona is (...)
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  27.  12
    Hartree and Thomas: the forefathers of density functional theory.Andrew Zangwill - 2013 - Archive for History of Exact Sciences 67 (3):331-348.
    Douglas Hartree and Hilleth Thomas were graduate students together at Cambridge University in the mid-1920s. Each developed an important approximation method to calculate the electronic structure of atoms. Each went on to make significant contributions to numerical analysis and to the development of scientific computing. Their early efforts were fused in the mid-1960s with the development of an approach to the many-particle problem in quantum mechanics called density functional theory. This paper discusses the experiences which led Hartree and Thomas to (...)
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  28.  19
    Electronic texts are computations are electronic texts.Herbert Hrachovec - 2000 - Journal of Philosophy of Education 34 (1):169–181.
    The notion of ‘electronic texts’ has gained universal currency. What, exactly, does this phrase refer to? Most authors answer by describing a set of surface characteristics resulting from the application of computer technology to traditional texts. Such depictions, I want to argue, can be seriously misleading. They presuppose a conventional understanding of ‘text’ in order to make sense of the phenomenon of digitised inscriptions. The simple choice of the phrase ‘electronic text’ suppresses the radical challenge raised by the new medium. (...)
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  29.  3
    The nontriviality of trivial general covariance: How electrons restrict 'time' coordinates, spinors (almost) fit into tensor calculus, and of a tetrad is surplus structure.J. Brian Pitts - 2012 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 43 (1):1-24.
    It is a commonplace in the philosophy of physics that any local physical theory can be represented using arbitrary coordinates, simply by using tensor calculus. On the other hand, the physics literature often claims that spinors \emph{as such} cannot be represented in coordinates in a curved space-time. These commonplaces are inconsistent. What general covariance means for theories with fermions, such as electrons, is thus unclear. In fact both commonplaces are wrong. Though it is not widely known, Ogievetsky and Polubarinov constructed (...)
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  30.  44
    The nontriviality of trivial general covariance: How electrons restrict ‘time’ coordinates, spinors fit into tensor calculus, and of a tetrad is surplus structure.J. Brian Pitts - 2012 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 43 (1):1-24.
    It is a commonplace in the philosophy of physics that any local physical theory can be represented using arbitrary coordinates, simply by using tensor calculus. On the other hand, the physics literature often claims that spinors \emph{as such} cannot be represented in coordinates in a curved space-time. These commonplaces are inconsistent. What general covariance means for theories with fermions, such as electrons, is thus unclear. In fact both commonplaces are wrong. Though it is not widely known, Ogievetsky and Polubarinov constructed (...)
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  31.  42
    The nontriviality of trivial general covariance: How electrons restrict ‘time’ coordinates, spinors fit into tensor calculus, and of a tetrad is surplus structure.J. Brian Pitts - 2012 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 43 (1):1-24.
    It is a commonplace in the philosophy of physics that any local physical theory can be represented using arbitrary coordinates, simply by using tensor calculus. On the other hand, the physics literature often claims that spinors \emph{as such} cannot be represented in coordinates in a curved space-time. These commonplaces are inconsistent. What general covariance means for theories with fermions, such as electrons, is thus unclear. In fact both commonplaces are wrong. Though it is not widely known, Ogievetsky and Polubarinov constructed (...)
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  32.  21
    Is the electron's charge 2e? A problem of the de Broglie-Bohm theory.Shan Gao - unknown
    It is shown that the de Broglie-Bohm theory has a potential problem concerning the charge distribution of a quantum system such as an electron. According to the guidance equation of the theory, the electron's charge is localized in a position where its Bohmian particle is. But according to the Schrödinger equation of the theory, the electron's charge is not localized in one position but distributed throughout space, and the charge density in each position is proportional to the (...)
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  33.  15
    What does shape a topological atom?Hamidreza Joypazadeh & Shant Shahbazian - 2013 - Foundations of Chemistry 16 (1):63-75.
    In this pedagogical communication after demonstrating the legitimacy for using the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) to non-Coulombic systems, Hookean H2 +/H3 2+ species are used for AIM analysis. In these systems, in contrast to their Coulombic counterparts, electron density is atom-like and instead of expected two/three topological atoms, just a single topological atom emerges. This observation is used to demonstrate that what is really “seen” by the topological analysis of electron densities is the clustering (...)
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  34.  11
    Atoms in molecules as non-overlapping, bounded, space-filling open quantum systems.Richard F. W. Bader & Chérif F. Matta - 2012 - Foundations of Chemistry 15 (3):253-276.
    The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) uses physics to define an atom and its contribution to observable properties in a given system. It does so using the electron density and its flow in a magnetic field, the current density. These are the two fields that Schrödinger said should be used to explain and understand the properties of matter. It is the purpose of this paper to show how QTAIM bridges the conceptual gulf that separates the observations of (...)
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  35.  18
    Open Systems’ Density Matrix Properties in a Time Coarsened Formalism.Robert Englman & Asher Yahalom - 2015 - Foundations of Physics 45 (6):673-690.
    The concept of time-coarsened density matrix for open systems has frequently featured in equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, without being probed as to the detailed consequences of the time averaging procedure. In this work we introduce and prove the need for a selective and non-uniform time-sampling, whose form depends on the properties of the bath. It is also applicable when an open microscopic sub-system is coupled to another finite system. By use of a time-periodic minimal coupling model between these two (...)
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  36.  32
    The Wave Function as Matter Density: Ontological Assumptions and Experimental Consequences.Markku Jääskeläinen - 2015 - Foundations of Physics 45 (6):591-610.
    The wavefunction is the central mathematical entity of quantum mechanics, but it still lacks a universally accepted interpretation. Much effort is spent on attempts to probe its fundamental nature. Here I investigate the consequences of a matter ontology applied to spherical masses of constant bulk density. The governing equation for the center-of-mass wavefunction is derived and solved numerically. The ground state wavefunctions and resulting matter densities are investigated. A lowering of the density from its bulk value is found for (...)
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  37.  16
    Challenges to the Structural Conception of Chemical Bonding.Michael Weisberg - 2008 - Philosophy of Science 75 (5):932-946.
    The covalent bond, a difficult concept to define precisely, plays a central role in chemical predictions, interventions, and explanations. I investigate the structural conception of the covalent bond, which says that bonding is a directional, submolecular region of electron density, located between individual atomic centers and responsible for holding the atoms together. Several approaches to constructing molecular models are considered in order to determine which features of the structural conception of bonding, if any, are robust across these models. Key (...)
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  38.  18
    Spin magnetic moment of a free relativistic electron.T. L. Chow - 1975 - Foundations of Physics 5 (3):453-454.
    By decomposing the charge-current density, it is demonstrated that the “built-in” spin magnetic moment of a free relativistic electron iseħ/2mc, wherem is the Lorentz mass.
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  39.  7
    A theoretical determination of the electronic rest mass.J. P. Kobus - 1975 - Foundations of Physics 5 (2):343-347.
    A theoretical relationship for the electron rest mass is derived in terms of the electron charge, Planck's quantum of action, and the speed of light. The basis for this derivation is an assumption that the electron rest mass is entirely electrostatic in origin, combined with the realization that the maximum action density of the world is simply the speed of light. Planck's quantum of action becomes perspicuously associated with an elliptical microspace.
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  40. From classical to relativistic mechanics: Electromagnetic models of the electron.Michel Janssen - unknown
    “Special relativity killed the classical dream of using the energy-momentumvelocity relations as a means of probing the dynamical origins of [the mass of the electron]. The relations are purely kinematical” (Pais, 1982, 159). This perceptive comment comes from a section on the pre-relativistic notion of electromagnetic mass in ‘Subtle is the Lord . . . ’, Abraham Pais’ highly acclaimed biography of Albert Einstein. ‘Kinematical’ in this context means ‘independent of the details of the dynamics’. In this paper we (...)
     
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  41. A Commentary on Robin Hendry’s Views on Molecular Structure, Emergence and Chemical Bonding.Eric Scerri - 2023 - In João L. Cordovil, Gil Santos & Davide Vecchi (eds.), New Mechanism Explanation, Emergence and Reduction. Springer. pp. 161 - 177.
    In this article I examine several related views expressed by Robin Hendry concerning molecular structure, emergence and chemical bonding. There is a long-standing problem in the philosophy of chemistry arising from the fact that molecular structure cannot be strictly derived from quantum mechanics. Two or more compounds which share a molecular formula, but which differ with respect to their structures, have identical Hamiltonian operators within the quantum mechanical formalism. As a consequence, the properties of all such isomers yield precisely the (...)
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  42.  5
    Conditional Probabilities and Density Operators in Quantum Modeling.John M. Myers - 2006 - Foundations of Physics 36 (7):1012-1035.
    Motivated by a recent proof of free choices in linking equations to the experiments they describe, I clarify some relations among purely mathematical entities featured in quantum mechanics (probabilities, density operators, partial traces, and operator-valued measures), thereby allowing applications of these entities to the modeling of a wider variety of physical situations. I relate conditional probabilities associated with projection-valued measures to conditional density operators identical, in some cases but not in others, to the usual reduced density operators. While a fatal (...)
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  43.  32
    Effect of germanium addition on the physical properties of Se–Te glassy semiconductors. Mainika, Pankaj Sharma & Nagesh Thakur - 2009 - Philosophical Magazine 89 (33):3027-3036.
    The effect of germanium addition on the physical properties, i.e. density, molar volume, compactness, number of lone-pair electrons, average coordination number, heat of atomization, mean bond energy, cohesive energy and glass-transition temperature, of (Se80Te20)100− x Ge x (x = 0, 2, 4, 6) bulk glassy alloys was investigated. The density of the glassy alloys is found to decrease with increasing Ge content. The molar volume and compactness of the structure of the glass were determined from the measured density. The mean (...)
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  44.  37
    Two-step emergence: the quantum theory of atoms in molecules as a bridge between quantum mechanics and molecular chemistry.Chérif F. Matta, Olimpia Lombardi & Jesús Jaimes Arriaga - 2020 - Foundations of Chemistry 22 (1):107-129.
    By moving away from the traditional reductionist reading of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, in this paper we analyze the role played by QTAIM in the relationship between molecular chemistry and quantum mechanics from an emergentist perspective. In particular, we show that such a relationship involves two steps: an intra-domain emergence and an inter-domain emergence. Intra-domain emergence, internal to quantum mechanics, results from the fact that the electron density, from which all the other QTAIM’s concepts are defined, (...)
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  45.  34
    Atomic mechanism of the Re and Ru strengthening effect on the γ-γ′ interface of Ni-based single-crystal superalloys: A first-principles study.K. Chen, L. Zhao & John Tse - 2003 - Philosophical Magazine 83 (14):1685-1698.
    A possible atomic mechanism underlying the Re- and Ru-induced strengthening effects on the n - n ' interface in Ni-based single-crystal superalloys has been investigated using the DMol3 molecular orbital package based on density functional theory. The calculation of bonding properties has been performed on a cluster designed to model Re and Ru strengthening effects within the interface. The stronger Re--Ni bonds are formed mainly as a result of d- hybridization, while the Ni--Ni bonding become weaker accompanying the Re substitution. (...)
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  46.  27
    Hydrodynamics of the Physical Vacuum: II. Vorticity Dynamics.Valeriy I. Sbitnev - 2016 - Foundations of Physics 46 (10):1238-1252.
    Physical vacuum is a special superfluid medium populated by enormous amount of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. Its motion is described by the modified Navier–Stokes equation: the pressure gradient divided by the mass density is replaced by the gradient from the quantum potential; time-averaged the viscosity vanishes, but its variance is not zero. Vortex structures arising in this medium show infinitely long lifetime owing to zero average viscosity. The nonzero variance is conditioned by exchanging the vortex energy with zero-point vacuum fluctuations. The (...)
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  47.  10
    On the non-existence of parallel universes in chemistry.Richard F. W. Bader - 2011 - Foundations of Chemistry 13 (1):11-37.
    This treatise presents thoughts on the divide that exists in chemistry between those who seek their understanding within a universe wherein the laws of physics apply and those who prefer alternative universes wherein the laws are suspended or ‘bent’ to suit preconceived ideas. The former approach is embodied in the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), a theory based upon the properties of a system’s observable distribution of charge. Science is experimental observation followed by appeal to theory that, upon (...)
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  48.  12
    A Commentary on Robin Hendry’s Views on Molecular Structure, Emergence and Chemical Bonding.Eric Scerri - 2023 - In João L. Cordovil, Gil Santos & Davide Vecchi (eds.), New Mechanism Explanation, Emergence and Reduction. Springer. pp. 161-177.
    In this article I examine several related views expressed by Robin Hendry concerning molecular structure, emergence and chemical bonding. There is a long-standing problem in the philosophy of chemistry arising from the fact that molecular structure cannot be strictly derived from quantum mechanics. Two or more compounds which share a molecular formula, but which differ with respect to their structures, have identical Hamiltonian operators within the quantum mechanical formalism. As a consequence, the properties of all such isomers yield precisely the (...)
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  49.  10
    Correlations in Condensed Matter under Extreme Conditions: A tribute to Renato Pucci on the occasion of his 70th birthday.G. G. N. Angilella & Antonino La Magna (eds.) - 2017 - Cham: Imprint: Springer.
    This book addresses a wide range of topics relating to the properties and behavior of condensed matter under extreme conditions such as intense magnetic and electric fields, high pressures, heat and cold, and mechanical stresses. It is divided into four sections devoted to condensed matter theory, molecular chemistry, theoretical physics, and the philosophy and history of science. The main themes include electronic correlations in material systems under extreme pressure and temperature conditions, surface physics, the transport properties of low-dimensional electronic systems, (...)
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  50.  33
    The role of theory in experimental life.Nils Roll-Hansen - 1995 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 26 (4):673-679.
    We consider an electron in a 1 D random adiabatically changing potential. We demonstrate that the positions of the maxima of an electron eigenstate probability density do not move even when the change of the potential is significant. We show that at the same time the main maximum hops by a distance of the order of the size of the system. We present arguments that such hopping of electron localization position happens also in two and three dimensions.
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